RU2489068C1 - Microwave induction unit of drum type for grain micronisation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular to forage production. The microwave induction unit comprises a mounting table on which a cylindrical housing is mounted having a loading and unloading pipes respectively on the upper and lower base. The upper base and the lateral side of the housing are made of non-ferromagnetic material, and the lower base is made of a ferromagnetic material. Inside the cylindrical housing the rotating sectional drum is concentrically located, which sections are made of non-ferromagnetic material and covered with fluoroelastomer. A generator of the cylindrical housing and the drum sections form movable resonating chambers in the form of prisms, which upper and lower base are the bases of the housing. The microwave generators are evenly mounted through the chamber on the upper base of the housing, which magnetrons are directed into the interior of the housing. Under the lower base of the housing the induction plates are located. The microwave generators and induction plates are located opposite to each other, and the number of the chambers is odd, but not less than three, for ensuring loading and unloading pipes in adjacent chambers.

EFFECT: use of the invention enables to improve the quality of grain micronisation.

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Description

The present invention relates to agriculture, in particular to feed production.

The closest analogue is the installation for micronization of grain, which contains between the belt-mounted microwave generators an infrared emitter. A radio-transparent box is connected through the working chambers, which is connected to the loading hopper and to the dish-shaped dispenser [1].

After analyzing the technologies and technical means for micronization of grain and grain products, it was found that the technology of infrared micronization of grain is widespread abroad, while the specific energy consumption is 250 ... 300 W · h / kg. In Russia, installations for micronization of grain are available only in experimental samples, for example, a microwave installation has been developed in which the specific energy consumption is 130 ... 150 W · h / kg. In these models, the energy of electromagnetic radiation of either the microwave or infrared ranges is used [1]. The main disadvantage of these plants is the lack of the possibility of disinfecting grain and grain products when using low-intensity EMR microwave, on the one hand, and the most effective grain restructuring when processing only with IR rays, on the other hand. The most promising and economical devices are relatively small bandwidth, based on the use of a combined method of transferring heat to grain.

The present invention is intended for micronization of grain using the energy of electromagnetic radiation of the kilohertz and microwave ranges, which allows to improve the energy value of grain and grain products, as well as their sanitary condition for young animals. When combined with the influence of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths and a high electric field, polarization of dipoles occurs, due to which endogenous heat is generated in the grain. Capillary moisture intensively passes into steam, causing a sharp increase in pressure in the grain, which causes a kind of explosion, breaking and turning the caryopsis. Due to the high heating rate and the rapid increase in water vapor pressure, the chemical and biological processes of denaturation of protein compounds, dextrinization of starch, etc. are accelerated. The latter is especially important, since the main component of grain - starch partially turns into dextrins and sugars, which are more easily absorbed by the animal. The grain structure becomes more porous, friable; there is a decrease in the density of the seed; the content of water-soluble substances increases, which positively affects the organoleptic properties and texture of the product. Along with this, due to the high electric field intensity, pathogenic microflora of grain, pests of grain stocks and their larvae are destroyed. Due to the short duration of exposure to EMR, the vitamin complex of feed is almost completely preserved. The transition of moisture to a vapor state and its expulsion to the surface of the material occur as a result of excess pressure.

The technical result consists in improving the quality of micronization of grain. The specified technical result is achieved as follows. Microwave induction installation for micronization of grain, characterized in that it has an assembly table on which is mounted a round cylindrical body made of non-ferromagnetic material with loading and unloading nozzles located in adjacent conditional sectors on the base of the case, and on its upper base, through equal conditional sectors, microwave generators are located so that the magnetrons are directed into the inside of the housing, and induction plates are installed under the lower base of the housing made of ferromagnetic material e. At the same time, a sectional rotating drum is concentrically located inside the cylindrical body, and its compartments made of non-ferromagnetic material and coated with fluoroplastic form mobile resonator chambers of microwave generators, and the microwave generators and the corresponding induction plates are located opposite each other.

Figure 1 presents a General view of a microwave induction installation of a drum type for micronization of grain (front view):

1 - loading nozzle, 2 - shutter of the loading nozzle, 3 - cylindrical body, 4 - sectional drum made of non-ferromagnetic material and coated with fluoroplastic; 5 - drum shaft with bearings, 6 - induction cooker, 7 - induction cooker power controllers, 8 - gear motor, 9 - mounting table, 10 - discharge port flap, 11 - microwave generator, 12 - microwave generator power regulator.

Figure 2 presents a spatial image of the drum compartments made of non-ferromagnetic material and coated with fluoroplastic.

Figure 3 presents a spatial image of the loading pipe.

Figure 4 presents a spatial image of the element for fixing the shutter.

Figure 5 presents a spatial image of the shutter boot pipe.

Figure 6 presents a spatial image of the induction cooker.

Figure 7 presents a spatial image of a block of a microwave generator.

On Fig presents a spatial image of the pasteboard.

Figure 9 presents a spatial image of the shaft of the drum.

Figure 10 presents a spatial image of a round cylindrical body with holes on the upper base for loading and for the magnetron of the microwave generator.

Figure 11 presents a diagram of the movement of grain installation.

Microwave induction installation of a drum type for micronization of grain (Fig. 1, 2, 3) includes a loading pipe 1 (Fig. 5, 6, 7) with a shutter 2 mounted on the upper base of a circular cylindrical body 3. Upper base and side the side of the cylindrical body is made of non-ferromagnetic material, and the lower base is made of ferromagnetic material. Inside the cylindrical body 3, a sectional drum 4 is concentrically located, and the shaft 5 (FIG. 11) of the drum 4 is mounted on bearings. Section of the drum 4 (figure 4) is made of non-ferromagnetic material and is coated with fluoroplastic. The generatrix of the circular cylindrical body 3 and the sections of the drum 4 form the resonator chambers in the form of a prism, the base of which is the sector. The volume of these prisms is several times smaller (about 2 ... 3 liters) than the chamber volume of microwave ovens. Moreover, the upper and lower bases of the resonator chambers are the bases of the round cylindrical body 3. Under the lower base of the cylindrical body 3, induction plates 6 are installed (Fig. 8) having power controllers 7. The lower base of the cylindrical body is made of ferromagnetic material. Induction plates 6 are installed evenly through the sector; for this, the bases of the cylindrical body are conditionally distributed over an odd number of uniform sectors. Moreover, one of the sectors of the lower base of the cylindrical body 3 is designed for mounting the discharge pipe 10. The sectional drum is driven by the gear motor 8. The cylindrical body 3 (Fig. 12) and the gear motor 8 are installed on the mounting table 9 (Fig. 10) . On the lower base of the cylindrical body 3 there is an opening for the shutter of the discharge pipe 10. On the upper base of the body 3 there are microwave generators 11 (Fig. 9) having power regulators 12. The microwave generators 11 are also installed evenly through a sector, one of the sectors being designed for boot pipe 1, and their odd number, but not less than three. Further sectors under microwave generators alternate with an empty sector. Moreover, loading 1 (on the upper base) and unloading 10 (on the lower base) pipes occupy neighboring sectors. The number and power of microwave generators and induction cookers affect the performance of the microwave induction installation. Microwave generators (on the upper base) and the corresponding induction cookers (on the lower base) are located opposite each other.

Installation works as follows. From the loading pipe 1 through the flap 2, the feed grain enters the compartments of the drum 4 after it is turned on with the help of a gear motor 8 (Figs. 1, 2). Between the cylindrical body 3 and the compartments of the drum 4 of non-ferromagnetic material coated with fluoroplastic, there is a minimum clearance for free rotation of the drum. This gap should be less than a quarter of the wavelength to maintain the quality factor of the capacitance of the mobile resonator chambers. The shaft 5 of the drum is also made of non-ferromagnetic material. Next include microwave generators 11 and induction cookers 6. Induction cookers 6 due to the inductor heat the lower base of the round cylindrical body 3, since it is made of ferromagnetic material. Feed grain in the drum compartments (in mobile resonator chambers) is transported at a certain speed inside a round cylindrical body 3 mounted on the mounting table 9. During the movement of feed grain with the help of resonator chambers, the energy flow of electromagnetic radiation from microwave generators simultaneously occurs on it 11 and from induction cookers 6. Their power is regulated by regulators 12 and 7, respectively. Simultaneous endo-exogenous heating of grain occurs in a cyclic “heating-pause” mode, with a duty cycle of 0.5 due to the fact that the sources are located through conditionally divided sectors (sector with sources, empty sector, etc.). Due to the fact that microwave generators on the upper base and induction cookers under the lower base are located opposite each other, there is a simultaneous effect of endogenous, conductive (heated sector of the lower base) and induction heating. This provides a specific effect on feed grain. In the "capsule" of the grain, water is transferred from a liquid state to a vapor state. Overpressure formed in the "capsule" of the grain leads to an "explosion", i.e. micronization of grain. Due to the cyclical effects of high temperature (about 85 ... 100 ° C) and due to the high pressure inside the grain, mechanical destruction occurs. The grain structure becomes more porous, loose. Along with this, due to the high electric field strength of the microwave range, complete destruction of both external and internal microflora occurs.

The thickness of the feed grain layer in the drum compartments is controlled by a damper 2 located in the loading nozzle, which makes it possible to control the specific power of the microwave radiation flux and, accordingly, the grain heating rate. Micronized grain is discharged through the discharge pipe 10 using the shutter. The round cylindrical body 3 simultaneously performs the function of a screen, and the shutters 2, 10 prevent the negative impact of the microwave electric field on the staff. To do this, the gap on the base of the housing for loading and unloading grain should not be more than a quarter of the wavelength. Sectional drum 4 is driven by a gear motor 8. Microwave generators are installed evenly on the upper round base of the cylindrical body 3. The number of microwave generators and induction cookers depends on the required installation capacity. The capacity of the resonator chamber is optimized in accordance with the frequency of electromagnetic radiation and the required electric field strength. The high electric field allows disinfecting feed grain, i.e. destroy the bacterial microflora of the vegetative form. The dimensions of the gaps for loading and unloading grain are matched by a factor of a quarter of the wavelength in order to limit electromagnetic radiation. The dose of the electromagnetic field of an ultrahigh frequency on the grain and induction heating is controlled by the power of the corresponding source and the duration of the process.

The design and technological parameters of the microwave induction installation for disinfection and micronization of feed grain and grain products by exposure to electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths are justified. The installation contains instrumentation, including sensors of the initial and final temperature of the product, a grain flow meter. The new grain micronization technology is based on the effect of dextrinization of starch grains (the breakdown of starch polysaccharides and their transition into digestible nutrients). Expected increase in the degree of dextrinization and energy content of feed, improvement of zootechnical indicators of fattening of young farm animals.

Bibliographic list

1. Patent No. 2389418. Installation for micronization of grain. Posted: 05/20/2010 Bull. Number 14.

Claims (1)

A drum-type microwave induction unit for micronizing grain, characterized in that it has an assembly table on which a cylindrical body is installed, having loading and unloading nozzles respectively on its upper and lower bases, the upper base and side of the housing made of non-ferromagnetic material, and the lower base is made of ferromagnetic, in addition, inside the cylindrical body there is a concentric rotating sectional drum, the sections of which are made of non-ferromagnetic about the material and are coated with fluoroplastic, and the generatrix of the cylindrical body and drum sections form mobile resonator chambers in the form of prisms, the upper and lower bases of which are the base of the body, in addition, microwave generators are installed uniformly through the camera on the upper base of the body, the magnetrons of which are directed in case, and under the lower base of the case - induction cookers, moreover, microwave generators and induction cookers are located opposite each other, and the number of chambers is odd, but not less than three, to ensure the location of the loading and unloading pipes in adjacent chambers.

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