RU2602281C2 - Plant for grinding and disinfection of grain and grain-products in super-high-frequency electromagnetic field - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to process equipment for storage and processing of grain and is intended for grinding and disinfection of grain and grain-products in the inline mode. Device has a vertical cylindrical shielding housing 1 with intake bin 13 and discharge pipe 15. Inside housing 1 parallel to the bases there are rotor discs of different diameters 8, 9 rotating in opposite directions. Between the rotor discs there are cylindrical parts of volume resonators 5 installed onto corresponding rotor discs 8, 9 along the peripheral concentric circle. For rotation of rotor discs 8, 9 appropriate reductor motors are installed in the center on the outer side of the bases of shielding housing 1. On the shaft of rotor disc of large diameter 9 there is screw 10 with opening on its body 11 to feed grain from intake bin 13 into the working chamber through annular holes 14. Base of shielding housing 1 and rotor-disk 9 have annular holes 14. On the opposite base of shielding housing 1 there are SHF generator units 2 arranged in such a way, that their radiators are directed inside spherical segments 4 of volume resonators rigidly fixed to the housing base. Cylindrical parts 5 of the volume resonators are made from non-ferromagnetic pins 6 of triangular section. They are arranged with a clearance smaller than a quarter wavelength of the SHF range and more than the thickness of grains. Number of spherical segments 4 is less than the number of cylindrical parts 5 of the volume resonators. Their diameters are equal and are matched with the wave length. Rotor-disc of large diameter 9 is made from non-ferromagnetic material, and disk of small diameter 8 - from fluoroplastic. Discharge pipe 15 is located on the side surface of cylindrical shielding housing 1. Door 3 is made with the diameter not less than the one of small rotor disc 8 and is located on the base of shielding housing 1.

EFFECT: use of the invention will ensure higher quality of processing grain-products.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to technological equipment of enterprises for the storage and processing of grain and is intended for grinding and disinfecting grain and grain products in a continuous mode. The installation relates to percussion machines.

At the enterprises for the storage and processing of grain there are different machines, depending on their purpose and the principles of the impact of working bodies on destructible material. At feed mills, grinding machines are the main and most energy-intensive type of technological equipment. To reduce energy costs, multifunctional plants should be designed that provide grain grinding and disinfection of grain products from bacterial microflora and endo-exo pests.

Improving work efficiency and product quality, improving the technological processes of preparation and grinding of grain at modern enterprises is on the path to implementing the following comprehensive measures - the use of progressive methods and techniques of grinding grain, highly efficient equipment.

In the processes of making wallpaper flour from grain; grinding feed ingredients; grinding grains (free from shells), destruction of flour particles - the task of grinding includes only the destruction of the particles of the original product to a very certain degree of dispersion. For such grinding, impact machines are used in which the grinding of raw materials occurs under the influence of impact.

Grinding of raw materials is one of the most important operations in the milling and animal feed production, leading to an increase in the nutritional benefits of products. Shredded foods are better absorbed. The feed production process involves grinding lumpy raw materials, corn on the cob, etc. Hammer crushers and disintegrators are used for grinding.

In each grinding system, they strive to obtain the largest possible amount of flour of minimum ash content with optimal specific loads on technological machines and a minimum specific energy consumption.

The process of grinding grain products is the most energy-intensive among other technological processes of flour milling.

Known disintegrators [1, p. 156] - impact mills designed for fine grinding of grain and grain products. They are produced in various designs, modes of operation, and performance. Grinding of raw materials is carried out due to high-speed impacts on the working elements of the rotors following one after another. The speed of impacts increases when the particles of raw materials move from the center to the periphery of the rotor. The working bodies are two rotors rotating towards each other, with several concentrically arranged rows of shock elements of various shapes.

Known entolator designed to destroy the larvae and pupae of grain pests that may be in the grain mass, prepared for grinding. The main working body is a scourge rotor, consisting of two flat horizontal disks interconnected by cylindrical bushings. Due to repeated impacts on the bushings and the housing, the grain products are further crushed. At the same time, when the grain mass is processed in the entolator, the corroded grains are destroyed, as well as grains having a lower strength than normal grain, i.e. grains that are fragile, inferior and damaged by pests occur. The technological efficiency of the entolator is evaluated by additional extraction of flour, which should be at least 15% of the extraction of flour obtained in the whole system. Electricity consumption per 1 ton of flour extracted in the entolator is up to 10 kWh.

Known installations for micronization of grain and grain products by the action of an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency (EMF microwave) [2]. Dielectric heating (heat treatment) of grain has several purposes: increasing the digestibility of the carbohydrate complex as a result of hydrolysis of starch and turning part of it into simpler compounds - dextrins and sugars. This process is especially important for young animals whose digestive tract enzymes hardly digest starch; inactivation of inhibitors of digestive enzymes and other anti-nutritional substances; sterilization of raw materials, i.e. decrease in the level of contamination by bacterial microflora. When exposed to microwave EMF, moisture evaporates from the inner layers of the grain, microcracks appear, as a result of mechanical and chemical degradation, part of the starch turns into simple carbohydrates - dextrins. Then the hot grain should be crushed (according to the basic version, it is subjected to conditioning in a roller mill), which further increases its nutritional value. Such processing of grain and grain products causes the almost complete destruction of microorganisms in the finished product. The advantages of the products obtained, their high nutritional value and sterility lead to the need for further improvement in the use of such plants.

The present invention is intended for grinding and disinfecting grain and grain products due to the influence of an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency and intense impact on the pins of the resonator chamber of the microwave generator and the friction of grain particles between each other. The speed of impact of grain on the pins and on the body depends on the moisture content of the grain (50 m / s). The main direction of improvement is to determine the rational size and shape of the rotors, increase the wear resistance of the working bodies, and use reliable methods for controlling the rotor speed.

Advantages: high technological efficiency, relatively low power consumption.

The technological task of the invention is the intensification of the technological process of disinfecting and grinding grain and grain products and improving the quality of the product with reduced energy costs.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the installation for grinding and disinfecting grain and grain products (Fig. 1) has a vertically arranged cylindrical shielding case with a receiving hopper and an outlet pipe, inside of which, parallel to the bases, rotor disks of different diameters are located, rotating in opposite directions, between which there are cylindrical parts of volume resonators mounted on the corresponding rotor disks along a peripheral concentric circle, and for the rotor drive of the drives, the corresponding gear motors are mounted centrally on the outside of the shielding housing bases, while on the large-diameter rotor disk shaft there is a screw with a window on its housing for the receiving hopper, and the shielding housing base of non-ferromagnetic material and the rotor disk have ring holes, moreover, on the opposite base of the shielding housing along the above concentric circles, microwave generator blocks are placed so that their emitters are directed inside rigidly fixed to the base the shell of the spherical segments of the volume resonators, while their cylindrical parts are formed from non-ferromagnetic pins of a triangular section, set by a gap of less than a quarter of the wavelength and greater than the thickness of the grains, the number of spherical segments being much smaller than the number of cylindrical parts of the volume resonators, and their diameters are equal, at this large-diameter disk is made of non-ferromagnetic material, and the small-diameter disk is made of fluoroplastic, the discharge pipe is located on the side surface of the cylindrical kraniruyuschego housing and the door, with a diameter of at least the small-diameter rotary disk is on the bottom of the shield frame.

In FIG. 1 shows an installation for grinding and disinfecting grain in an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency: 1 - a shielding case on a bed; 2 - microwave generator unit with a radiator in a dielectric sleeve; 3 - door; 4 - spherical part of the resonator chamber; 5 - cylindrical part of the resonator chamber; 6 - pins; 7 - the first gear motor; 8 - rotor disk of small diameter; 9 - a rotor disk of a large diameter; 10 - metering screw; 11 - auger housing - transcendental waveguide; 12 - the second gear motor; 13 - receiving hopper; 14 - an annular hole; 15 - pipe for unloading (transcendental waveguide).

In FIG. 2 shows an installation for grinding and disinfecting grain in an electromagnetic field of an ultrahigh frequency (section A-A): 1 - a shielding case on a bed; 2 - microwave generator unit with a radiator in a dielectric sleeve; 3 - door; 4 - spherical part of the resonator chamber; 5 - cylindrical part of the resonator chamber; 6 - pins; 7 - the first gear motor; 8 - rotor disk of small diameter; 9 - a rotor disk of a large diameter; 10 - metering screw; 11 - auger housing (transcendental waveguide); 12 - the second gear motor; 13 - receiving hopper; 14 - an annular hole; 15 - pipe for unloading (transcendental waveguide); 16 - dielectric sleeve.

In FIG. 3 shows a cylindrical portion 5 of a cavity resonator (in section).

In FIG. 4 shows the pin.

Installation for grinding and disinfecting grain and grain products in an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency (Fig. 1, 2) contains: a shielding housing 1 on a bed; Microwave generator unit 2 with a radiator in a dielectric sleeve; door 3; the spherical part of the resonator chamber 4; the cylindrical part of the resonator chamber 5; pins 6; first gear motor 7; small diameter rotor disk 8; large diameter rotor disk 9; metering screw 10; screw housing 11 (transcendental waveguide); second gear motor 12; receiving hopper 13; annular hole 14; discharge pipe 15.

Installation for grinding and disinfecting grain and grain products in an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency is designed as follows. The cylindrical shielding housing 1 (Fig. 1, 2) is mounted vertically and made of non-ferromagnetic material. Inside the housing 1 there are two rotor disks of different diameters 8, 9. Moreover, the rotor disk of small diameter 8 is made of radiolucent material (fluoroplastic), and large diameter 9 is made of non-ferromagnetic material. On the peripheral concentric circle of each rotor disk 8, 9, cylindrical parts of the resonator chambers 5 are installed. They are assembled using pins 6 of non-ferromagnetic material and have the shape of a squirrel cage. The gaps between the pins (Fig. 3) and between the parts of the cavity resonator 4, 5 are larger than the grain diameter, but less than a quarter of the microwave wavelength.

The rotor discs 8, 9 rotate in opposite directions. The cylindrical parts of the resonator chambers 5 are located on two rotor disks of different diameters so that when the rotor disks 8, 9 rotate, they do not touch. The pins 6 (Fig. 4) along the cross section are made triangular in shape from non-ferromagnetic material. The trihedral pins are installed with a gap so that one face of the pins forms the inner cavity of the cylindrical part of the cavity resonator (Fig. 3), and the other two faces of the pins represent the outer surface of the cylindrical parts 5 of the cavity resonator.

The upper part of the volume resonator 4 is made in the form of a spherical segment with a diameter equal to the diameter of the cylindrical part of the resonator 5. In the center of each spherical segment 4 there is a dielectric sleeve 16 for directing the corresponding emitter from the microwave generator unit 2. Each rotor disk 8, 9 is rotated by individual gear motor 7, 12. The shielding housing 1 contains a door 3 with a diameter equal to the diameter of the rotor disk 8. On the outside of the door 3, a gear motor 7 is installed in the center, and generator blocks are installed on the periphery of the microwave ki 2 for volume resonators located on a dielectric rotor disk 8.

The receiving hopper 13 is located on the base of the shielding housing 1 so that the feed is loaded into the working chamber through the central annular holes 14 with the help of a screw 10, 11. For this, there is a screw 10 on the shaft of the rotor disc 9. The discharge pipe 15 is located on the side surface shielding housing 1.

Microwave generator blocks are mounted on the base of the cylindrical shielding housing 1 from the outside. Some generators are placed on a peripheral concentric circle corresponding to a large-diameter disk 9, others - on a concentric circle corresponding to a small-diameter disk 8. The rotor-disk 8 of a small diameter is made of radiolucent material (fluoroplastic).

The productivity of the installation and the quality of sterilization of grain and grain products depend on the number of microwave generator blocks 2. Under each generator block 2 there are stationary parts of the volume resonator in the form of a spherical segment 4. The number of cylindrical parts 5 of the volume resonators differs from the number of spherical segments 4. The trihedral pins exclude corona inside the cavity 6, and the ribs between the two faces form a sharp surface to crack damaged larvae grains.

The workflow in the installation is as follows.

Electric motors 7 and 12 are turned on to rotate the rotor disks 8, 9. Together with the rotor disks 8, 9, the lower parts of the cavity resonator 5, made of non-ferromagnetic pins 6. rotate. In this case, grain or grain products are loaded into the working chamber through a central annular hole 14 s using the screw 10, since on the shaft of the rotor disk 9 there is a screw 10, 11 and is driven by a gear motor 12.

After filling the volume of the working chamber by 30 ... 40%, all microwave generator blocks 2 are turned on. When the upper 3 and lower parts of the volume resonator 5 are joined together, endogenous heat is generated in the grain mass due to the action of an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency (microwave electromagnetic field). In this case, microwave energy is supplied from a generator unit 2 containing a magnetron with an emitter directed through a dielectric sleeve 16 to the center of the upper part of the cavity resonator, made in the form of a spherical segment 4 of non-ferromagnetic material. Moreover, the segments 4 for the formation of volume resonators located on the disk of large diameter 9 are rigidly fixed on the basis of the shielding housing 1, opposite to the disk 9. Spherical segments, i.e. the upper parts 4, which form the volume resonators when docked with the lower cylindrical parts 5, located on the radiolucent disk 8 of small diameter during its rotation, are rigidly fixed to the door 3 from the inside, and the corresponding microwave generator blocks 2 are installed on the outside.

Raw materials are fed to the center of the rotor disks 8, 9 and, falling on the disks, are discarded to the periphery, encountering the moving parts of the cavity resonators 5, consisting of pins 6, on their way, hit them. The efficiency of grinding or cracking grains containing larvae and pupae of grain pests depends on the impact velocity, which is the geometric sum of the particle velocity vectors and the center of the pin. The impact velocity increases as the particle moves to the periphery. The rotational speed of the rotor disks 8, 9 should be sufficient so that the impact energy is enough to complete the work of cracking the grain.

When the rotor disks 8 and 9 rotate under the action of centrifugal inertia and friction forces, the grain (grain products) is drawn into motion by the cylindrical part of the resonator chamber 5. Grain is pressed against the pins 6, where it receives an impact. Due to repeated impacts on the pins, at a certain speed of the disks, the grain can be crushed. By controlling the rotational speed of the rotor disks 8, 9, it is only possible to crack corroded and fragile grains, i.e. identify defective and pest-damaged grains.

A large number of collisions, with a sufficient frequency of rotation of the rotor disks, leads to a high degree of grinding, so this installation can be used not only to control exogenous, endogenous pests of the product, but also to grind it at the same time, i.e. This is a universal installation combining the functions of an entolerator, a disintegrator and a microwave disinfectant. The treated cereal mass is discharged through the pipe 15 due to centrifugal force. The entire installation is located on the nailboard. The housing of the screw 11 and the discharge pipe 15 perform the functions of transcendental waveguides, their length and diameter are consistent with the wavelength (12.4 cm) to reduce radiation through the pipe 15 and the loading window in the housing of the screw 11 to an acceptable level for maintenance personnel. The loading window is docked with the receiving hopper 13. The supply of grain mass (from the receiving hopper 13 to the working chamber through a window in the screw housing 11), as well as the power of the microwave generators 2 and the rotational speed of the rotor disks 8, 9 are regulated. The limitation of radiation through slits in the shielding housing is achieved due to the correct geometric dimensions of the transcendent waveguides and the thickness of the housing made of non-ferromagnetic material. At the end of the processing, turn off the microwave generators 1, stop the electric motors 7, 12, open the door 3, clean the working chamber of the remnants of the grain product, and conduct a technical inspection of all nodes. When opening the door 3, the volume resonators 4, 5 located on the fluoroplastic rotor disk 8, with the engine 7 and the corresponding microwave generators 2 are deployed, since the diameter of the door 3 is slightly larger than the diameter of the small rotor disk 8.

For the complete destruction of the bacterial microflora present in the grain mass during low-temperature processing (50 ... 55 ° C), it is necessary to ensure a high electric field strength of ultrahigh frequency (4 ... 10 kV / cm).

The installation allows to reduce energy costs for disinfection and grinding of grain, to improve their energy value. Dielectric heating with a sufficient dose of microwave EMF provides an intensive transfer of capillary moisture to steam, causing a sharp increase in pressure in the grain. The content of water-soluble substances increases, which positively affects the organoleptic properties and texture of the product. Due to the repeated pulsed exposure to microwave EMF, the vitamin complex of the grain product is almost completely preserved.

Information sources

1. Butkovsky, V.A. Technology of flour, cereal and animal feed production. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1989, 464 p.

2. Patent No. 2489068 of the Russian Federation, IPC A23N 17/00. Microwave induction installation of drum type for micronization of grain. / M.V. Belova, G.V. Novikova, O.V. Mikhailova, A.A. Belov; Applicant and patent holder of ChSHA (RU). - No. 20112100432; declared 01/10/2012, publ. 08/20/2013. Bull. Number 22. - 5 sec.

Claims (1)

Installation for grinding and disinfecting grain and grain products, characterized in that it has a vertically arranged cylindrical shielding housing with a receiving hopper and an outlet pipe, inside of which, parallel to the bases, rotor disks of different diameters are located, rotating in opposite directions, between which there are cylindrical parts volume resonators mounted on the respective rotor disks along a peripheral concentric circle, and for the drive of the rotor disks correspondingly The motor gearboxes are mounted centrally on the outer side of the bases of the shielding housing, while on the shaft of the large-diameter rotor disk there is a screw with a window on its housing for the receiving hopper, and the base of the shielding housing made of non-ferromagnetic material and the rotor disk have ring holes, moreover microwave generator blocks are placed on the opposite base of the shielding case along the above concentric circles so that their emitters are directed inside spherical segments of volume resonators, while their cylindrical parts are formed from non-ferromagnetic pins of a triangular section, installed with a gap of less than a quarter of the wavelength and more than the thickness of the grains, the number of spherical segments being less than the number of cylindrical parts of the volume resonators, and their diameters are equal and consistent with the wavelength while the large-diameter disk is made of non-ferromagnetic material, and the small-diameter disk is made of fluoroplastic, the discharge pipe is located on the lateral surface of the cylindrical about the shielding case, and the door, with a diameter not less than the diameter of the small rotor disk, is located on the basis of the shielding case.

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