RU2710063C1 - Plant for peeling of rape in electromagnetic field of superhigh frequency - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to grain-processing equipment designed for grain peeling. Proposed plant comprises horizontally arranged cylindrical housing 2 with cutout along side surface, loading container 1 with gate and sprayer 11, coaxially installed grinding drum with controlled rpm. Flexible coupling 4 is joined by one end to the slot, and by the other end – to the upper base of cylindrical resonator 5 with adjustable inclination angle. In cylindrical resonator 5 with fine-grained abrasive side surface 6 coaxially installed disc 8 of fine-grained abrasive material is rotated from electric drive 9. Unloading branch pipe 10 with gate is docked to lower base of resonator 5. Along perimeter of cylindrical resonator 5 side surface with shift of 120 degrees there are air-cooled magnetrons 7, radiators of which are directed inside resonator.

EFFECT: invention usage will allow to enhance the processed grain quality.

1 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to grain processing equipment, and in particular to installations designed for peeling rape due to hydromechanical shock and abrasion when exposed to an electromagnetic field of ultra-high frequency.

In 2018, rapeseed in Russia amounted to 1,071.4 thousand tons. To separate the outer shell from the core (peeling), there are three ways of working bodies affecting the grain: peeling by compression and shear, peeling by multiple or single blow , peeling by abrasion of the shells. The application of these methods depends on the structure of the grain, the strength of the bonds of the shells and the core, the strength of the core, as well as the range of products [1]. Since the rapeseed kernel is brittle and breaks up upon impact, the method of peeling due to multiple blows is not rational.

Two basic requirements are imposed on the process of rape seed peeling: high-quality separation of husk from the kernel; preservation of the integrity of the kernel. The main fractions are the husked core, shell (husk) and flour (small particles of the kernel and husk).

The collapse of rapeseed at enterprises is carried out in roller mills, which provides 50% separation of husks and grinding of oil kernels in large quantities. Passing through the rollers with a constantly established gap, some of the seeds do not completely collapse, or are crushed excessively, since their sizes vary.

To reduce the yield of crushed fractions, the grain is usually subjected to hydrothermal treatment, which reduces the fragility of the endosperm.

It is known that peeling machines are used for peeling grain. Grain under the action of centrifugal forces of a rotating scouring rotor is thrown to the surface of the cylinder, subjected to repeated impact and intense friction on the sieve surface between grains. As a result, dust and particles of fruit shells are separated from grain [1]. Peeling products and grain are separated by air flow during subsequent processing.

Known microwave (microwave) installation with toroidal resonators for heat treatment of grain in the process of peeling (patent No. 2584029) [2]. The installation has a cylindrical shielding housing with nozzles for receiving raw materials and unloading the product. A hollow shaft and a dielectric perforated cylinder are coaxially located in the shielding housing. Toroidal resonators with a circular cross section are belted on the shaft. The torus is assembled from rims and connected by a hollow ring disk. On a vertical hollow shaft, several radial holes are drilled.

Disadvantage . With such a constructional design of the working chamber, it is difficult to coordinate a uniform feed of raw materials into the toroidal resonators located below the tier with the speed of their rotation.

Known microwave installation for the disinfection of bulk materials in a continuous mode (patent No. 2641705) [3]. A screen cylinder and rotors mounted in tiers are coaxially located inside the shielding case. They are made in the form of toroidal perforated resonators, the central parts of which are represented by parallel non-ferromagnetic ring disks fastened by dielectric pins. Non-ferromagnetic blades are fixed along the perimeter of the disks. There is a slot along the inner perimeter of the torus. The rotors are fixed using hollow shafts. A receiving pipe is directed inside the first shaft, and the last hollow shaft in the bearings is driven by an electric motor. Unloading nozzles are attached to the bases of the screen cylinder and the housing. Installation provides:

- pouring raw materials through hollow shafts into the interdisk space and dropping it into the toroidal part with dielectric pins, then pouring it into the subsequent interdisk space;

- mixing of raw materials and uniform distribution of the flow of electromagnetic radiation in the torus;

- thermomechanical effect on raw materials and the removal of light impurities through perforation of the torus and sieve cylinder; accumulation of the finished product, and disposal.

Known experimental sample installation for re-collapse of rapeseed [4]. Installation works as follows. Rushanka, after the roller mill, enters the feed hopper. The necessary frequency of rotation of the drum is built up, on the surface of which there is an impeller with an angle of attack of 90 ° (radial), which picks up the russula with air and throws it onto the shock plate under the action of centrifugal force. After hitting the russel on the baffle plate, the oily core is freed from the husk. The angle of the baffle plate is adjustable.

An analogue is a machine for peeling grain and grinding cereals A1-3ShN with abrasive disks on a hollow shaft located in a sieve cylinder installed in a cylindrical body [1, p. 280]. At the same time, the process of peeling grain is quite energy intensive. The use of this machine for rape peeling is not rational due to the special structure of the kernel.

So, the preparation of rapeseed for squeezing oil by separating the seed coat from the oilseed kernel using an unconventional method that improves the quality of rapeseed oil and oilcake is an urgent task.

An object of the invention is to develop a plant for rape peeling by hydromechanical destruction (wetting the shell to maintain core strength, a single blow to break the bond strength of the shells and core)

and abrasion of the shells as a result of friction against rotating abrasive disks and mutual friction of grains in an electromagnetic field of an ultrahigh frequency, followed by removal of the shells by blowing air through a hollow dielectric shaft with holes and a perforated cylindrical resonator.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the installation for peeling rape in an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency is characterized by the fact that in a horizontally arranged cylindrical body having a slot along the side surface and containing a loading container with a shutter and a spray, a grinding tab drum with an adjustable speed is coaxially mounted,

moreover, a flexible sleeve is docked to the slot at one end, and at the other to the upper base of the cylindrical resonator located coaxially in the cylindrical shielding housing with an adjustable angle of inclination,

at the same time, belt-shaped disks made of fine-grained abrasive material rotating from the electric drive are installed coaxially on the hollow dielectric shaft in a cylindrical resonator, the side surface of which is perforated, a receiving container with a shutter is docked to the lower base of the resonator, and a pipe for unloading husks is docked to the cavity between the shielding housing and resonator

moreover, the hollow dielectric shaft has openings between the tiers of the abrasive disks, and air-cooled magnetrons are installed along the perimeter of the side surface of the shielding housing with a shift of 120 degrees, so that the emitters are directed into the cavity.

In FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a plant for rape peeling in an electromagnetic field of ultra-high frequency:

1 - loading capacity with a shutter; 2 - cylindrical body; 3 - flap grinding drum; 4 - flexible coupling; 5 - cylindrical perforated resonator; 6 - shielding case; 7 - magnetrons from microwave generators; 8 - discs of fine-grained abrasive material; 9 - a hollow dielectric shaft with holes; 10 - receiving capacity; 11 - pipe for unloading husks; 12 - a spray of water.

In FIG. 2 shows a spatial image of the installation for peeling rape in an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency:

1 - loading capacity with a shutter; 2 - cylindrical body; 3 - flap grinding drum; 4 - flexible coupling; 5 - cylindrical perforated resonator; 6 - shielding case; 7 - magnetrons from microwave generators; 8 - discs of fine-grained abrasive material; 9 - a hollow dielectric shaft with holes; 10 - receiving capacity; 11 - pipe for unloading husks; 12 - a spray of water.

In FIG. 3 shows a spatial image of the first module of the installation for peeling rape in an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency: 1 - loading capacity with a shutter; 2 - cylindrical body; 3 - flap grinding drum; 4 - flexible coupling.

In FIG. 4 shows a spatial image of the second module of the installation for peeling rape in an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency: 5 - a cylindrical perforated resonator; 6 - shielding case; 7 - magnetrons from microwave generators; 8 - discs of fine-grained abrasive material; 9 - a hollow dielectric shaft with holes; 10 - receiving capacity; 11 - pipe for unloading husks; 12 - a spray of water.

In FIG. 5 shows a spatial image of a shielding case with magnetrons.

In FIG. 6 shows a spatial image of a perforated resonator.

Installation for peeling rape in an electromagnetic field of ultra-high frequency consists of two modules connected to a flexible coupling 4.

The first module contains a loading tank 1 with a shutter and a spray of water 12; horizontally located cylindrical body 2; drum 3 grinding petal.

The second module with an adjustable angle of inclination contains: a cylindrical perforated resonator 5 in a cylindrical shielding housing 6; magnetrons 7 from microwave generators; belt-mounted discs 8 of fine-grained abrasive material; a hollow dielectric shaft 9 with holes; receiving tank 10 with a shutter for unloading cores; pipe 11 for unloading husks (Fig. 1-2).

In a horizontally located cylindrical body 2, having a slot along the side surface and containing a loading container 1 with a shutter and a spray 12, a drum 3 grinding flap with an adjustable speed is coaxially mounted.

To the slot on the lateral surface of the cylindrical body 2, one end of the flexible coupling 4 is docked, the other to the upper base of the cylindrical resonator 5 located coaxially in the cylindrical shielding housing 6 with an adjustable angle of inclination.

In a cylindrical resonator 5, the side surface of which is perforated, belt-mounted discs 8 made of fine-grained abrasive material rotating from an electric drive are mounted coaxially on a hollow dielectric shaft 9.

A receiving container 10 with a shutter is docked to the lower base of the resonator 5, and a pipe 11 for unloading husks is docked to the cavity between the shielding housing 6 and the resonator 5.

The hollow dielectric shaft 9 has openings between the tiers of the abrasive discs 8 made of fine-grained material, and air-cooled magnetrons are installed along the perimeter of the side surface of the shielding housing with a shift of 120 degrees, so that the emitters are directed inside the perforated resonator.

The technological process of rape peeling due to hydromechanical destruction and abrasion of the shells in the cavity of the microwave installation is as follows .

Turn on the electric motor of the drum 3 grinding flap, providing an effective speed. Depending on the physicomechanical properties of rapeseed seeds, to establish the optimum angle of inclination of the module containing the belt-mounted abrasive disks 8 on the hollow shaft 9 in the perforated cylindrical cavity 5 located in the cylindrical shielding casing 6. Turn on the electric drive 8 of fine-grained abrasive material to rotate for optimal speed. Open the flap of the loading tank 1 at the required flow rate. Turn on the water atomizer 12. Pour the rapeseed into the loading container 1. Then the rapeseed, the surface of which is moistened with the atomizer 12, is thrown out through the slot on the drum 3 using the grinding tabs of the drum 3 into the flexible coupling 4. The shape of the flexible coupling 4 is adjusted taking into account the trajectory of the rapeseed grains after separation from the grinding lobes of the drum 3. The grinding lobes of the drum 3 provide microcracks in the cover of the rape grains, which contributes to an increase in the moisture gradient to the center the grain, and, consequently, reduce the likelihood of a nucleus cracking when it hits the surface of the abrasive disk 8. Next, the rapeseed grains hit the disk 8 of the upper tier located in the perforated resonator 5, where the electromagnetic field of the microwave is excited, turning on the microwave generators 7. The shock ensures the destruction of communication between the core and the husk, i.e. broken husk integrity. In the process of rotation of the disks 8, a fine-grained abrasive material peels off the husk. Moreover, the temperature gradient and the humidity gradient, directed from the center to the periphery of the rapeseed grains during heat treatment in an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency, provide complete peeling, i.e. separation of the core from the husk. The core is discharged through pipe 10. The hydrothermal treatment of rapeseed reduces the fragility of the kernel.

The air flow passing through the hollow shaft 9 and the holes between the abrasive disks 8 and through the perforated cylindrical resonator 5 carries the husk and flour into the annular cavity between the resonator 5 and the shielding case 6, then the mixture of husks and flour is discharged through the pipe 11. Then characterized by aerodynamic properties, the husk is weaned in aspirators.

The high speed of rotation of the drum 3 of the grinding blade can lead to the destruction of the core during the impact on the abrasive discs 8, therefore, the impact force should provide only the destruction of the connection between the core and the husk of wet rape. The angle of inclination of the module, and, consequently, of the disks 8 also affects the impact force. Therefore, the greater the angle of inclination of the abrasive discs 8 , the lower the impact force of the rapeseed seeds, but the longer the grains are on the abrasive disc is longer, and therefore the abrasion of the seed cover is longer and the exposure duration of the ultra-high frequency electromagnetic field (EMF) is longer. The speed of impact of rapeseed grains on rotating abrasive discs 8, at which peeling occurs, depends on moisture and varietal characteristics.

The duration of the seeds in EMFHF depends on the rotation speed of the abrasive discs 8 and its angle of inclination (angle of inclination of the second module). At a high speed of rotation of the disks 8, fine-grained abrasive material on its side surface will be more actively involved. Advantages of the proposed installation: high technological efficiency, relatively low energy costs

Sources of information :

1. Butkovsky, V.A. Technology of flour, cereal and animal feed production / V.A. Butkovsky, E.M. Melnikov. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1989.S. 67-72.

2. Patent No. 2584029 of the Russian Federation, IPC A23N 17/00. Installation for disinfecting and peeling grain in an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency / A.A. Belov, M.V. Belova, Novikova G.V., Mikhailova O.V .; Applicant and patent holder of ANO VO ATU (RU). - No. 2015102653; declared 01/29/2015, publ. 05/20/2016. Bull. No. 14.

3. Patent No. 2641705 of the Russian Federation, IPC A23N 17/00. Microwave installation for the disinfection of bulk materials in a continuous mode / V.L. Osokin, A.N. Korobkov, A.A. Belov, O.V. Mikhailova, G.V. Novikov; applicant and patentee LLC “NGII-ENERGO (RU). - No. 2016148587; declared 12/09/2016. Bull. No.3 from 01/22/2018.

4. Renseev, A.O. Development of a complex of equipment and research of the process of separation of rash seed rape seed. Abstract on the competition. scientist degrees of cand. tech. Sciences: specialty 12/17/13. - Kemerovo: FSBEI HPE KemTIPP. - 2013 .-- 20 s.

Claims (4)

Installation for peeling rape in an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency, characterized in that in a horizontally arranged cylindrical body having a slot along the side surface and containing a loading container with a shutter and with a spray, a flap grinding drum with an adjustable speed is coaxially mounted, moreover, a flexible sleeve is docked at one end of the slot, and the other end is docked to the upper base of the cylindrical resonator located coaxially in a cylindrical shielding housing with an adjustable angle of inclination, at the same time, in a cylindrical resonator, the side surface of which is perforated, belt-shaped discs made of fine-grained abrasive material are mounted coaxially on the hollow dielectric shaft, which rotate from the electric drive, a receiving tank with a shutter is docked to the lower base of the resonator, and a pipe for unloading rape husks is docked to the cavity between the shielding body and resonator in addition, the dielectric shaft has openings between the tiers of the abrasive disks, and air-cooled magnetrons are installed along the perimeter of the side surface of the shielding housing with a shift of 120 degrees so that their emitters are directed into the cavity.

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