RU2339280C1 - Device for pine nut shelling - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: forestry industry.

SUBSTANCE: device is provided with housing where drum with fixed screw inside is installed at an angle to internal surface. Both drum and screw rotate in opposite directions. Drum is provided with oval aligning pockets for nuts arranged in lines along the whole circuit. Outer diameter of pockets is larger than their inner diameter. Depth of aligning pockets is a common nut width. Outlets are available in aligning pockets from the internal surface to ensure discharge of the lower part of nut. There is an access hole in device housing where pusher is installed from its outer side. Housing is provided with outlet jacket connected with box for process waste collection. Cutting blades are installed from internal side of housing to cut upper part of nut. Holes for process waste discharge are also available at the internal side of housing and arranged along outlet jacket length. Axial bearing and cutting blades are situated in screw basis and connected to screw by means of elastic plates mounted on edge. Housing is connected to spinner by means of access hole and receiving hopper. There is an outlet in spinner, and metal plate with adjusting rod is installed opposite to the outlet. Receiving vessel is situated under metal plate to collect wastes from damaged nut. Metal plate is installed at angle β, which depends on nut humidity.

EFFECT: improvement of nut shelling quality.

Description

The invention relates to the field of forestry industry and is intended to produce an undestroyed kernel of cedar nuts, peeled.

Known devices for the mechanical cleaning of pine nuts from shells (A.S. RU 2140757 C1, 6 A23N 5/00). It includes a loading hopper, a dispenser, a feeder, a destruction mechanism, a sieve with holes for an undestroyed walnut kernel peeled from the shell. The destruction of the nut is carried out in the gap between the shaft and the bed.

The disadvantage of this device is the low productivity and high costs of obtaining clean grain through the use of manual labor.

A known device for the destruction of the shell of a pine nut (A.S. RU 2216258 C1, IPC A23N 5/00), selected as a prototype, comprising a housing, a loading device, a rotor with radial channels, as well as a conical abrasive disk and a disk with a central hole, an ejector with a mixing chamber located tangentially to the internal generatrix of the cylinder, made with holes. On the conical surface of the second disk there are spiral-shaped channels for placing nuts in one row, directed towards the rotation of the disk.

A disadvantage of the known device is the ingress of particles of abrasive particles into the cleaned grain, which reduces the quality of the products, which is not permissible with the further use of the peeled walnut kernel.

The invention solves the problem of the mechanization of the destruction of the shell while preserving the kernels of nuts, improving the quality of cleaning pine nuts, increasing productivity and increasing the yield of the final product.

The technical effect consists in weakening the integrity of the nutshell by breaking down the upper and lower parts of the nutshell; the destruction of the upper part of the shell of the nut due to repeated passage through the cutting knives installed in the body, and the destruction of the lower part of the shell of the walnut by cutting knives of the auger, which are fixed on the auger ridge using elastic plates to soften the impact during the cutting process.

The specified technical result in the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that in a device for breaking the shell of a pine nut containing a body, in which at an angle α to its inner surface there is a drum with a screw fixed in it, rotating in opposite directions, while the drum is made with landing pockets oval shaped for a nut, arranged in a row along its entire circumference, the outer diameter of which is greater than their inner diameter, the depth of the landing pockets is average the width of the nut and the landing pockets on the inside have outlet openings for the exit of the trimmed bottom of the nut, and a technological hole is made in the housing, in which a pusher is installed on the outside of the case, the housing has an exit casing connected to the box for collecting technological waste from the inside housings mounted cutting knives for cutting the upper part of the nut and made located along the length of the output casing holes designed to exit the technological waste, in addition, based the auger has a thrust bearing and cutting knives connected to the auger by means of elastic plates mounted on its ridge, and the housing is in communication with a centrifuge having an outlet in front of which a metal plate equipped with an adjustment rod is installed, under which is placed receiving tank for collecting the destroyed nut.

The metal plate is installed at an angle β, depending on the moisture content of the nut.

A drum with landing pockets is installed at an angle α to the inner surface of the casing, which ensures that nuts are pressed against the inner surface of the casing and, when approaching cutting knives, the upper part of the nut is gradually cut off.

To completely crack the walnut shell, a metal plate is installed (the nut flies out of the centrifuge at a certain speed and hits the metal plate, and the shell is completely destroyed). And for a more effective cracking of the nut, depending on its moisture content, the plate is installed at a certain angle β, which is regulated by means of an adjusting rod.

The oval shape of the landing pockets allows the nut to occupy the working position correctly and provides stability when cutting the upper and lower parts of the shell, for which the landing pockets have outlet openings of different diameters - for the upper part of the nut and for the lower part of the nut.

To extract nuts cut from both sides from the landing pockets, a pusher is installed in the technological hole of the housing.

The implementation of the drum with landing pockets ensures the correct hit and holding in the working position of the nut and holding it on the cutting knives of the body.

The auger is made with cutting knives in order to cut the bottom of the walnut shell and to mitigate the impact during the cutting process, the cutting knives are spring loaded on elastic plates.

To ensure vertical stability of the nut in the pocket, the screw is made to rotate in the opposite direction relative to the drum.

The movement of nuts is carried out in the landing pockets of the drum, placed in one row, around the entire circumference of the drum and then through the outlet located in the lower part of the housing. The depth of the landing pockets is the average width of the nut. Further, the nut, with the shell already damaged, under the influence of its own gravity enters the centrifuge, where it accelerates, flying out of the centrifuge’s hole, hits the surface of the metal plate and is completely destroyed.

Figure 1 shows the kinematic diagram of a device for the destruction of pine nuts; figure 2 shows a cross section along the line aa of the main working device in the process of partial destruction of the shell of pine nuts; figure 3 shows a section along the line BB, showing a centrifuge for dispersal of the damaged nut with subsequent direction to the destructive impact.

A device for breaking the shell of a pine nut consists of an electric motor 1, a shaft 2 for transmitting torque to an elastic coupling 3, an input shaft 4, a reduction gear 5. A double beam pulley 7 is installed on the output shaft 6 of the gear 5, which is connected by a V-belt transmission to a pulley 8 installed on the shaft 9 and the thrust bearings 10. In addition, the shaft 9 is connected to the elastic coupling 11 and the intermediate gear 12. On the output shaft of the intermediate gear 12 is a single beam pulley 13 connected by a V-belt transmission with a pulley 14, is placed on the spline shaft 15 installed in the support bearing 16. On the spline shaft 15 there is a screw 17 mounted in the drum 18, which, in turn, is mounted in the housing 19. The drum 18 is installed at an angle α to the inner surface of the housing 19 gradual cutting of the upper part of the walnut shell.

The housing 19 has a loading hopper for pine nuts 20. The two-beam pulley 21 is mounted on the axle shaft 22 and the bearing 23, which, in turn, is installed in the housing 19, in addition, the pulley 21 is connected by a V-belt transmission with a pulley 7. In the housing 19 from the inside cutting knives 24 are installed for cutting the upper part of the nut and holes 25 are made for the exit of technological waste, which are located along the length of the output casing 26 connected to the box 27 for collecting technological waste. The drum 18 is made with oval-shaped landing pockets for walnut 28, which are arranged in a row along all circumferences of the drum 18, and the outer diameter of the landing pocket is larger than the inner diameter. The depth of the landing pockets 28 is the average width of the nut. To ensure vertical stability of the nut in the pockets 28, the auger 17 and the drum 18 are mounted for rotation in opposite directions. Landing pockets 28 on the inside have outlet openings 29 for the exit of the nut cut off on both sides. A pusher 32 is installed on the outside 30 in the technological hole 31 of the housing 19. At the base of the screw 17 there is a thrust bearing 33 and cutting knives 34, which are connected to the screw using elastic plates 35 mounted on the screw ridge 17.

The double-beam pulley 21 is connected via a V-belt drive with a pulley 36 mounted on the input shaft 37 of the bevel gear 38. The latter has an output shaft 39, on which a single-beam pulley 40 is attached, connected by a V-belt transmission with a pulley 41 mounted on the shaft 42. The shaft 42 is mounted in a centrifuge 43, having blades 44 located inside. The centrifuge 43 is connected by the receiving hopper 45 to the housing 19 with the technological hole 31. In addition, the centrifuge 43 has an outlet 46, opposite which a metal plate 47 with adjustable irovochnoy rod 48. The metal plate 47 is set at a predetermined angle β for more efficient cleaving nut, depending on its moisture. Under the plate 47 there is a receiving tank 49 for collecting the destroyed nut.

A device for breaking the shell of a pine nut works as follows. Pine nuts from the loading hopper 20 enter the landing pockets 28. Rotating together with the drum, the nuts move in the direction of the cutting knives 24. Moreover, by installing the drum 18 at an angle α to the inner surface of the housing 19, the nuts are pressed against the inner surface of the housing 19, and when approach to the cutting knives 24 is a gradual cutting of the upper part of the nut. Through holes 25 on the output casing 26, cut off shell particles fall into the box 27 for collecting process waste. At the same time, the lower part of the nut is cut with cutting knives 34, spring-loaded with elastic plates 35. To ensure vertical stability of the nut in the pocket, the screw 17 rotates in the opposite direction relative to the drum 18. After the nut was cut from two sides during the period of incomplete revolution of the drum 18, he reaches the pusher 32. The pusher 32 removes pine nuts from the landing pockets 28.

Further, the nut, with an already damaged shell, under the action of its own gravity, enters the outlet 46 of the centrifuge 43, where it accelerates and strikes the surface of the metal plate 47 with a certain force, and is completely destroyed. And after the impact, the already chopped nut falls into the receiving tank 49.

The adjusting rod 48 is set at a certain angle β depending on the degree of humidity of the cracked nut.

The technical and economic advantages of the claimed device affect the quality of the destruction of nuts and increase the productivity of the installation.

Claims (2)

1. A device for breaking the shell of a pine nut, characterized in that it has a housing in which at an angle α to its inner surface there is a drum with a screw fixed therein, rotating in opposite directions, while the drum is made with oval shaped landing pockets for nuts located in a row along its entire circumference, the outer diameter of which is greater than their inner diameter, the depth of the landing pockets is the average width of the nut, and the landing pockets on the inside there are outlet openings for the exit of the trimmed lower part of the nut, and a technological hole is made in the housing, in which a pusher is installed on the outside of the housing, the housing has an output casing connected to a box for collecting technological waste, cutting knives are installed on the inside of the housing for cutting the upper part walnuts and holes are arranged along the length of the output casing for the exit of process waste, in addition, there is a thrust bearing and cutting knives at the base of the screw, nye the screw by means of resilient plates mounted at its crest, and the body through the processing opening and the hopper communicates with the centrifuge having an outlet opposite to which is installed the adjusting rod provided with a metal plate, which is placed under the receptacle for collecting destroyed nut. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal plate is installed at an angle β, depending on the moisture content of the nut.

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