RU2584029C1 - Apparatus for disinfecting and shelling grain in super-high-frequency electromagnetic field - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to grain processing enterprises technological equipment and is intended for disinfecting and shelling. Apparatus has vertically positioned on mounting frame cylindrical shielding housing with intake and discharge branch pipes, serving as cutoff waveguides. Inside housing coaxially located dielectric perforated cylinder and hollow shaft to make circular gap. On shaft fitted in toroidal resonators with round cross-section. Tore consists of rings and connected hollow annular disc. Between sectors rings made of non-ferromagnetic material and coated with outer side of abrasive material, there are dielectric rims. Maximum clearance between rims of less than quarter wavelength, but larger than thickness of grain. On outer side of housing are arranged evenly along height of microwave generator units with radial shift. Radiators in spherical segment are located at level of toroidal resonators and directed with their lateral side. Number of microwave generators is less than or equal to number of toroidal resonators. Hollow vertical shaft, in places of landing hollow circular discs drilled several radial holes. At bottom on shaft are installed fan blades. Shaft mounted on bearings, driven by motor located on the mounting frame. One discharge pipe to discharge finished product is connected with annular gap. Second discharge pipe to remove husks is connected with annular gap between shielding housing and dielectric perforated cylinder at level of fan blades. Intake pipe is installed on cover of shielding housing. Well head is mounted on cover connected with hollow shaft to adjust air access.

EFFECT: higher quality of the obtained product.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to technological equipment of grain processing enterprises and is intended for disinfection and peeling of grain.

One of the main technological operations in the processing of grain is peeling, i.e. film stripping from barley, oats, millet, pea. The peeling process has two main requirements: ensuring a more complete separation of the films from the grain; maximum integrity integrity of the kernel. When peeling, they tend to get as many peeled grains as possible with a low crushability of the core. For this purpose, peeling machines are known that act on the grain by prolonged friction between the working bodies, these are ZHN peeling and grinding machines, machines with an abrasive drum and a rotating mesh shell, etc. [one]. Working bodies are a rotating hollow vertical shaft with several abrasive disks. The shaft with the discs is surrounded by a sieve shell, which is enclosed in a cylindrical housing [2]. Disadvantages: high power consumption; intensive destruction of impurities, removal of layers of the fruit membrane is accompanied by the destruction of a large number of grains and often damage to the endosperm. This leads to significant grain losses, which necessitated the search for other methods of grain processing.

Known installation for micronization of grain by the action of an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency (EMF microwave) [3]. Such processing of grain provides the complete destruction of microorganisms in the finished product and its high nutritional value for young animals.

The present invention is intended for disinfection and peeling of grain due to the influence of an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency and intense friction between rotating toroidal resonators and a stationary perforated cylinder made of dielectric material.

The technological task of the invention is the combination of processes for disinfecting and peeling grain to improve product quality and reduce operating costs.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the apparatus for disinfecting and peeling grain in an electromagnetic field of an ultrahigh frequency (Fig. 1) has a cylindrical shielding body vertically located on the mounting frame with receiving and unloading nozzles that perform the functions of transcendental waveguides; a dielectric perforated cylinder is coaxially located inside the body and a hollow shaft, forming an annular gap between each other, and toroidal resonators with a circular cross section are belted on the shaft, and the torus is assembled of the rims and connected by a hollow annular disk, while between the sectors of the rims made of non-ferromagnetic material and coated on the outside with abrasive material, dielectric rims are installed, and the gap between the rims is less than a quarter of the wavelength, but greater than the grain thickness, and from the outside of the shielding case the microwave units with radial shift are installed uniformly in height, with their emitters in the spherical segment located at the level of the toroidal resonators are directed from their lateral side, while the number of microwave generators is less than or equal to the number of toroidal resonators, moreover, several radial holes are drilled on the vertical hollow shaft, in the places where the hollow ring disks are planted, and fan blades are installed at the bottom, while the shaft mounted on bearings, driven by an electric motor, with one discharge pipe connected to an annular gap, the second with a gap between the shielding housing and the dielectric perforated cylinder ohm on the fan blades level, and the receiving sleeve is mounted on the cap body, comprising a head connected to the hollow shaft to the air regulation.

In FIG. 1 shows a device for disinfecting and peeling grain in an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency: 1 - mounting frame, 2 - electric motor, 3 - fan, 4 - discharge pipe to remove product from the installation, 5 - shielding case, 6 - dielectric perforated cylinder, 7 - hollow vertical shaft, 8 - toroidal resonators of circular cross-section (torus), 9 - hollow ring disks of non-ferromagnetic material, 10 - cover of the shielding housing, 11 - receiving branch pipe-beyond the waveguide, 12 - annular gap, 13 - A microwave generator unit with an emitter 14 and a spherical segment, 15 - rims of non-ferromagnetic material coated with abrasive material, 16 - dielectric rims, 17 - pipe for unloading husks (transverse waveguide).

In FIG. 2 shows a device for disinfecting and peeling grain in an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency (section A-A): 4 - discharge pipe, 5 - shielding case, 6 - dielectric perforated cylinder, 7 - vertical hollow shaft, 8 - round toroidal resonators (torus from rims), 9 - hollow ring disks, 12 - annular gap, 13 - microwave generator blocks with emitters 14 and a spherical segment, 15 - rims of non-ferromagnetic material coated with abrasive material, 16 - dielectric rims, 17 - pipe for unloading husks.

In FIG. 3 shows a spatial image of a toroidal resonator of circular cross section: 7 - a hollow vertical shaft, 8 - a torus, i.e. the peripheral part of the resonator made of rims, 9 - the central part (hollow ring disk) of the resonator, 15 - rims of non-ferromagnetic material coated with abrasive material, 16 - dielectric rims.

In FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a toroidal resonator with an indication of the structure of electromagnetic fields: 7 - a hollow vertical shaft, 8 - a torus from rims, 9 - hollow ring disks, 18 - field lines of electric and magnetic fields.

Installation for disinfecting and peeling grain in an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency (Fig. 1, 2) contains: mounting frame 1, electric motor 2, fan 3, pipe 4 with a gate for removing product from the installation, shielding case 5 made of non-ferromagnetic material, dielectric (fluoroplastic ) perforated cylinder 6, vertical hollow shaft 7, toroidal resonators of circular cross section 8 with hollow ring disks 9, cover of the shielding housing 10, nozzle-transverse waveguide 11, annular gap 12, microwave generator locks 13 with emitters 14 and spherical segments, rims 15 of non-ferromagnetic material coated with abrasive material, rims 16 of dielectric material, pipe for unloading husks (transverse waveguide) 17.

Installation for decontamination and peeling of grain in an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency is designed as follows.

The installation (Fig. 1) consists of a mounting frame 1, where a shielding housing 5 and an electric motor 2 with a transmission mechanism for driving a vertically located shaft 7 and fan 3 are installed. The discharge pipe 4 for removing the product from the installation simultaneously performs the function of a transverse waveguide. Inside the shielding body 5, a dielectric perforated cylinder 6 and a hollow shaft 7 are coaxially mounted. Several toroidal resonators 8 of circular cross section (peripheral part) with hollow ring disks 9 (central part) are belted on the vertical hollow shaft 7, so that the diameter of the shaft 7 passes through the hole of the annular disk 9. The cylindrical shielding housing 5 includes a cover 10, where the upper bearing is placed, a head for regulating the access of air to the hollow shaft and the receiving pipe 11, you also fulfilling the function of the transcendental waveguide, through which the grain enters the working area of the installation. Between the dielectric perforated cylinder 6 and the toroidal resonators 8 there is an annular gap 12, the size of which is selected depending on the physical and mechanical properties of the grain. In places of landing on a vertical shaft 7 of hollow annular disks 9, several radial holes were drilled to allow air to pass from the inside of the shaft 7 to the working area of the installation. A torus of circular cross section 8 is assembled from rims 15 of non-ferromagnetic material (aluminum, copper, brass, steel) coated with abrasive material (Fig. 2, 3, 4). A torus 8 connected to a hollow annular disk 9 forms a toroidal resonator. Toroidal resonators 8, 9 are mounted on the hollow shaft 7 in a tiered fashion. On the outside of the shielding cylindrical body 5, microwave generator blocks 13 are installed so that they are shifted both radially and along the height of the body. The emitters 14 are directed towards the torus 8 through the dielectric bushings available in the shielding housing 5, in the places of fastening of the microwave generator blocks 13. The distance between the rims 15, 16 is less than a quarter of the wavelength (3.08 cm) and more than the grain thickness. Several rims 16 are made of dielectric material and spatially shifted from each other (for example, three rims are shifted 120 degrees). This creates a space for the passage of the flow of electromagnetic radiation 18 in a pulsed mode into the inside of the toroidal resonator 8, 9 during its rotation. At the level of the fan 3, the third pipe 17 is docked to the casing 5 for unloading the husks; it also performs the functions of a transcendental waveguide.

The technological process of disinfecting and peeling grain in an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency occurs as follows. The source grain (Fig. 1) through the receiving pipe 11 enters the working area (in the toroidal resonator 8, 9, in the annular gap 12, i.e. in the space between the toroidal resonators and the perforated dielectric cylinder 6). The grain enters the toroidal resonators through the gaps between the rims 15, since the gap on the periphery of the torus is larger than the grain thickness, but less than a quarter of the wavelength (3.08 cm) (Fig. 2).

Each time the emitter 14 is aligned with the location of the dielectric rim 16, microwave oscillations are excited in the toroidal cavity in a pulsed mode, which makes it possible to equalize the pressure, temperature, and moisture of the grain in volume. The flow of radiation from toroidal resonators through the gaps between the rims is limited due to the fact that the maximum gap is not more than a quarter of the wavelength. The energy absorption of electromagnetic radiation by grain occurs inside toroidal resonators, since the grain enters the electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency 18 (EMFHF), and also partially in the annular space, all this allows to reduce the bacterial contamination of the grain.

Grain peeling occurs between the rotating abrasive surface of the toroidal resonators 8 and the perforated dielectric cylinder 6 (in the annular gap). The initial grain is subjected to intense friction in the annular gap between the toroidal resonators 8, 9 and the perforated cylinder 6, as a result of which films and shells (husks) are separated from the grain, i.e. the grain is peeling. The working area is purged with air flow. A fan 3 with vertical blades draws air through holes in the hollow shaft and feeds it into the hollow discs 9. By penetrating the product passing through the annular gap, the air captures the individual particles of the shells, a small husk and carries them into the cyclone, i.e. relations formed during the peeling process are blown away from the inner surface of the perforated cylinder 6 and are removed.

A stream of air passing through the product reduces the rate of lowering of the grain, thereby increasing the effectiveness of peeling. If the annular gap is not filled with the product, the fan 3 sucks in the outside air, as a result of which the effect of air on the grain is reduced. This reduces the effectiveness of peeling and disinfection of grain. An optimal technological effect can be achieved only when the unit is operating with a grain-filled working area. The technological effect is exerted by: the peripheral speed of toroidal resonators (12 ... 25 m / s), the size of the annular gap (14 ... 18 mm), the grain size of the abrasive on the pins and the processing time, the distance between the toroidal resonators. By changing the gap with the gate in the discharge pipe 4 to remove the product, you can set the optimal time for grain in the workspace. Depending on the strength of the bonds of the films and shells with the core, various durations and intensities of the action of the working bodies of the machine are required. When tinning, attention should be paid to the free exit of grain from the plant and the continuous removal of relays; lack of broken and full grains in the waste.

The toroidal resonator 8, 9 has a complex cross-sectional profile [4]. A torus of circular cross section (peripheral part) is assembled from rims, the outer surface of which is coated with abrasive material (Fig. 3, 4). Moreover, several rims 17, spatially shifted around the circumference of the resonator, are made of dielectric material. In the central part, the distance between the walls (hollow disk 9) of the toroidal resonator is less than the diameter of the cross section of the torus. The electron stream passing through holes near the located walls of the resonator 9 (in a hollow disk) excites electromagnetic oscillations in it (Fig. 4). The small distance between the walls of the hollow disk can reduce the time of flight of electrons in the resonator, and this is very important when generating and amplifying microwave oscillations. The shape of the resonator profile determines the structure of the excited electromagnetic fields. The electric field is mainly concentrated in the central part of the resonator, where the distance between the walls of the disk is small, i.e. this part of the resonator is mainly capacitive in nature, and the peripheral part, where the magnetic field is mainly located, is equivalent to inductance. If the walls of the resonator are made flexible, then when they approach each other, the capacitance of the resonator will increase and the natural frequency will decrease and vice versa.

The productivity of the installation and the quality of grain sterilization depend on the number of microwave generator blocks 2. Planned design and technological parameters of the installation: grain portion weight in the working chamber within 20 kg; the length of time the grain stays in the working space (1 ... 8 min); the diameter of the toroidal resonator is 250 mm; screen cylinder diameter 270 mm.

There should be no stones or metallic impurities in the grain entering the unit, otherwise a spark may form when they hit an abrasive surface and get into a volume resonator. The shaft must be made of steel.

Studies show that bread from flour obtained from peeled grain in an electromagnetic field of an ultrahigh frequency has a greater volumetric yield, its crumb is lighter, its structure is much better than from flour obtained from grain of the basic version.

Information sources

1. Sokolov A.Ya. Technological equipment of grain storage and processing enterprises / A.Ya. Sokolov. - M .: Kolos, 1967.S. 396 ... 397.

2. Butkovsky V.A. Technology of flour, cereal and animal feed production. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1989 .-- 278 ... 280 p.

3. RF patent No. 2489068, IPC A23N 17/00. Microwave induction installation of drum type for micronization of grain / M.V. Belova, G.V. Novikova, O.V. Mikhailova, A.A. Belov; Applicant and patent holder of ChSHA (RU). - No. 20112100432; Declared January 10, 2012, publ. 08/20/2013. Bull. Number 22. - 5 sec.

4. Belotserkovsky G.B. Fundamentals of radio engineering and antennas / G.B. Belotserkovsky. - M .: Soviet Radio, 1979. - Part 1. Fundamentals of radio engineering. S. 338 ... 339.

Claims (1)

Installation for disinfecting and peeling grain in an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency, characterized in that it has a cylindrical shielding body vertically located on the mounting frame with receiving and unloading nozzles that perform the functions of transcendental waveguides, a dielectric perforated cylinder and a hollow shaft are coaxially located, forming between an annular gap, and toroidal resonators with a circular cross-section are planted on the shaft in a tiered manner, moreover, the torus is assembled from rims and a hollow annular disk, while between the sectors of the rims made of non-ferromagnetic material and coated on the outside with abrasive material, dielectric rims are installed, and the gap between the rims is less than a quarter of the wavelength, but greater than the grain thickness, and from the outside of the shielding housing uniformly in height super-high-frequency (microwave) generator blocks with a radial shift are installed, while their emitters in the spherical segment, located at the level of the toroidal resonators, are directed from their on the other hand, the number of microwave generators is less than or equal to the number of toroidal resonators, moreover, several radial holes are drilled on the vertical hollow shaft, in the places where the hollow ring disks are planted, and fan blades are installed on the bottom, while the shaft mounted on the bearings is driven in movement from the electric motor, with one discharge pipe connected to an annular gap, the second with a gap between the shielding housing and the dielectric perforated cylinder at the level of the vapor fan, and the inlet pipe is installed on the cover of the housing containing the head connected to the hollow shaft to regulate air access.

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