RU2626156C1 - Radiowave installations for heat treatment of raw materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: radiowave installation for heat treatment of raw materials contains ultrahigh-frequency generators 5 with the frequency of 2450 MHz and a toroidal resonator. The resonator consists of a torus with three transverse waveguides, removable modules and a stationary flat plate rigidly fixed along the inner perimeter of the torus. The removable modules contain additional sources of electromagnetic radiation of the radio wave spectrum, which differ in wavelength. The elements of power supplies from these sources are installed on the removable top plate located in the central part of the toroidal resonator. A screw dispenser is disposed in the below-cutoff waveguide fixed to the bottom side of the torus. One of the upper below-cutoff waveguides is connected to a fitting connected to an air filter. The third below-cutoff waveguide is connected to a loading hopper.

EFFECT: use of the invention will allow to carry out high-quality heat treatment of raw materials.

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Description

The present invention relates to technological equipment for conducting heat transfer processes, for example, for heat treatment and disinfection of bulk raw materials (feed grain, animal feed, etc.).

To increase the feed value of grain, heat treatment is used. The best indicators of starch dextrinization were obtained by treating grain with infrared (IR) radiation, but at high energy costs.

There is an installation for disinfecting and peeling grain in an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency, where a diffraction toroidal resonator is used [1].

The prototype is a microwave installation for disinfection of compound feeds [2], but it is difficult to ensure the superposition of two waves in a spherical resonator chamber without special means of protecting magnetrons from reflected power.

We have chosen the concept of designing microwave installations equipped with low-power energy sources (0.8 ... 1.2 kW), air-cooled and not requiring protection from reflected power, ensuring uniform grain heating due to structural techniques in the development of resonator chambers filled with a small volume of raw materials . The creation of sufficiently effective technologies and corresponding radio wave installations, for example, to increase the feed value of feed grain, is relevant.

The technological task of the invention is improvement of technology and installations for heat treatment of feed grain by superimposing on an electromagnetic field an ultra-high frequency (EMF microwave, 2450 MHz), an electric field of a different frequency, a radio wave spectrum (FIG. 1). This provides sufficient electric field strength in the resonator chamber, at which microbiological contamination and soybean urease activity is reduced to standard values, which increases the feed value of feed grain.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the radio wave installations for heat treatment of raw materials contain microwave generators with a frequency of 2450 MHz, a toroidal resonator consisting of a torus with three transverse waveguides and a stationary flat plate rigidly fixed along the inner perimeter of the torus, removable modules with additional sources of electromagnetic radiation from the radio wave spectrum, differing in wavelength, while the elements of energy supply from these sources are installed on the corresponding removable upper layer others in the central part of the toroidal resonator, and in the transcendental waveguide mounted on the lower side of the torus, there is a screw dispenser, and one of the upper transcendental waveguides is connected to the fitting connecting to the air filter, the third transcendental waveguide is connected to the loading hopper.

In FIG. 1 shows options for combining sources of electromagnetic radiation.

In FIG. Figure 2 shows the schemes of the developed radio wave installations that provide the combined effect of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths:

1 - toroidal resonator chamber, consisting of a torus and a central part;

2 - stationary base of the central part of the toroidal resonator chamber;

3, 4 - transcendental waveguides that perform the functions of pipes (3 - discharge pipe with auger batcher, 4 - loading pipe);

5 - microwave generator blocks with a frequency of 2450 MHz;

6 - removable modules for inputting electromagnetic radiation of a different frequency;

7 - air outlet fitting with an air filter;

2.1 - installation with a toroidal resonator and microwave energy sources with a frequency of 2450 MHz (12.24 cm);

2.2 - installation with a toroidal resonator and microwave energy sources with a frequency of 2450 MHz, complete with an overtonal frequency generator (22 kHz or 110 kHz) and electric discharge lamps;

2.3 - installation with a toroidal resonator and microwave energy sources with a frequency of 2450 MHz, equipped with a high-frequency generator (40.68 MHz, 737 cm) and a high-potential electrode;

2.4 - installation with a toroidal resonator and microwave energy sources with a frequency of 2450 MHz, equipped with a cylindrical emitter from a microwave generator (2350 MHz, 12.6 cm);

2.5 - installation with a toroidal resonator and microwave energy sources with a frequency of 2450 MHz, equipped with an aperture from an extremely high frequency generator (55.54 GHz, 5.6 mm; 42.19 GHz, 7.1 mm).

In FIG. Figure 3 shows the removable modules of the developed radio wave installations: 3.0 - a toroidal resonator without an upper plate in the central part; 3.1 - removable plate of non-ferromagnetic material; 3.2 - removable plate with electric discharge lamp; 3.3 - removable high-potential electrode from a high-frequency generator; 3.4 - removable plate with a cylindrical horn and a radiator; 3.5 - removable plate with an aperture of the EHF emitter.

Possible combinations of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths in the toroidal resonator of radio wave installations for heat treatment and disinfection of raw materials are shown in FIG. 1. The classification of the developed toroidal resonator chambers providing a complex effect of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths is shown in FIG. 2. The radio wave installation for heat treatment and disinfection of raw materials consists of a toroidal resonator 1 with a stationary flat plate 2, an unloading nozzle 3 with a screw batcher, a loading nozzle 4, microwave generator units 5, removable modules 6 for introducing electromagnetic radiation of a different frequency into the resonator chamber; fitting 7 air outlet with an air filter.

The developed toroidal resonator chambers (working chambers) of radio wave installations provide combinations of sources of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths (Fig. 2). Using low-power generators of microwave energy from microwave ovens and medical equipment of the radio wave spectrum, circuit designs for working chambers have been developed. The working chambers of radio wave installations are made with combined electrodynamic systems providing a continuous technological process, high electric field strength and maximum quality factor. Reception emitters of an electromagnetic field of ultra-high frequency (2450 MHz) are directed to the toroidal part, and the central part of the resonator chamber is made in the form of removable modules.

The toroidal resonator 1 is made with a circular cross section, and plane-parallel plates are installed along the inner perimeter (in the central part). Moreover, the upper plate is removable, and the lower base 2 is fixed to the inner perimeter of the torus stationary. Unloading 3 and loading 4 nozzles are made in the form of a pipe with a diameter of less than a quarter of the wavelength (3.08 cm). They perform the functions of transcendental waveguides. The discharge pipe 3 is fixed on the lower side of the torus 1 and a screw batcher is installed inside the pipe. The loading pipe 4 is installed on the upper side of the torus 1. Microwave generator blocks 5 (2450 MHz) are fixed to the toroidal surface of the resonator so that the emitters are directed inside the torus. The removable part 6 for inputting electromagnetic radiation of a different frequency consists of 5 modules.

Each removable module (Fig. 2) provides the input of electromagnetic radiation energy with a frequency different from the fundamental frequency of 2450 MHz. The removable module in the first embodiment contains plane-parallel plates of non-ferromagnetic material (Fig. 2.1). Moreover, in the toroidal resonator chamber the frequency of the EMF microwave is equal to 2450 MHz (in the torus and in the central part of the resonator). Due to the small distance between plane-parallel walls, the electric field strength in the central part of the resonator is higher than in the torus, but insufficient to destroy the microbiological contamination of the raw material with its high initial contamination (more than 106 CFU / g). Therefore, the construction of a toroidal resonator should provide for the imposition of electric fields of different wavelengths

In the second version of the removable module, an electro-gas discharge lamp from darsonval is installed in the inter-plate space (Fig. 2.2). In this case, the addition of electric field strengths with frequencies of 2450 MHz and 110 kHz occurs. Sources of kilohertz frequency can serve as a darsonval “Spark” with a frequency of 110 kHz and a power of 130 W; darsonval NTCH-10-01, with a frequency of 22 kHz and a power of 80 W; Ultraton 03AMP with a frequency of 19 ... 25 kHz, and a power of 30 watts.

In the third embodiment (Fig. 2.3), module 6 is formed in the form of a capacitor with plane-parallel electrodes, and a high voltage from a high-frequency generator (40.68 MHz) is supplied to them. Moreover, a high-potential electrode is installed inside the hollow disk made of fluoroplastic to ensure safe maintenance, and the lower plate of the central part of the toroidal resonator serves as a low-potential electrode. Sources of high-frequency energy can be EHF-500, UHF-30, UHF-60, UHF-88 with a frequency of 40.68 MHz and a wavelength of 737 cm. The model of electric field propagation involves the addition of electric field strengths of two frequencies, such as 2450 MHz and 40 , 68 MHz.

In the fourth embodiment, a cylindrical resonator 6 with an emitter is directed through the upper plate of the assembly (Fig. 2.4). The toroidal resonator 1 and the cylindrical resonator 6 form a cavity-beam electrodynamic system. Luch 58-1, Luch 11 SMV-150 -1, Luch 4 SMV-20-4 with a frequency of 2350 MHz and a wavelength of 12.6 cm can serve as a source of electromagnetic fields of a different frequency. In this case, the addition of electric field strengths with close frequencies such as: 2450 MHz and 2350 MHz.

In the fifth embodiment, EHF radiation ( extremely high-frequency radiation, millimeter waves) (Fig. 2.5) using the horn antenna, the area of the aperture 6 is directed into the inter-plate space. In this case, the addition of electric field strengths of different frequencies occurs: 2450 MHz and 55540 MHz. Sources of electromagnetic radiation can be Jav - 1-5.6 with a frequency of 55.54 GHz, a wavelength of 5.6 mm; Appears - 1-7.1 with a frequency of 42.19 GHz, a wavelength of 7.1 mm and an output power of 25 watts.

The behavior of electromagnetic fields of different frequencies in a closed cavity volume is a very complex physical process, which is not always given correctly described using mathematical expressions. When superimposing two waves with arbitrary amplitudes and phases, we have some electromagnetic wave, which can change its orientation relative to the direction of wave propagation. Using a system of parametric modeling of three-dimensional structures, we studied the intensity of the electromagnetic field when superimposed standing waves of different lengths in a toroidal resonator. When using each module, the values of the electric field strength in the toroidal resonator are optimized, which reduce the microbiological contamination in the feed to an acceptable norm of 500 thousand CFU / g with a sufficiently high initial bacterial contamination.

The quality factor of a toroidal resonator can be determined in various ways, including taking into account the volume and surface area of the resonator, knowing the value of the skin layer.

The working process of heat treatment of raw materials in a radio wave installation (Fig. 2) is as follows. Install the appropriate removable module 6 for introducing electromagnetic radiation with a frequency different from the fundamental frequency (2450 MHz) into the central part of the resonator chamber 1. Turn on the pneumatic transport unit (not shown in the figure), which through the feed pipe 4 feeds bulk material from the feed hopper (not shown) into the toroidal resonator 1. Then, the microwave generator blocks 5 are turned on for the corresponding power, which creates a flow of energy of electromagnetic radiation from the microwave range in the toroidal resonator chamber 1. Vk irradiating an additional source of electromagnetic radiation of a different frequency 6. Under the combined action of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths of the field, the raw materials are endogenously heated, disinfected due to the high electric field strength, and are discharged using a screw batcher through the discharge pipe 3. The process of heat treatment and disinfection of the raw material takes place in a continuous mode. The air is vented out of the resonator chamber 1 through the nozzle 7 by means of an air filter 2. The air outlet 7, nozzles for loading raw materials 4 and unloading the processed product 3 (pipe of a certain length and diameter less than 3 cm, where the screw batcher is installed) simultaneously perform the functions of transcendent waveguides , providing radio tightness of the installation.

Such an installation with removable modules makes it possible to select rational values of electric field intensities, the combined effect of which reduces the microbiological contamination of the raw materials during the heat treatment. With the help of one installation of a certain generator power with a wavelength of 12.24 cm and several removable modules containing individual sources of energy of other wavelengths, it is possible to service the feed grain processing workshop on farms.

Information sources

1. RF patent No. 2584029, IPC A23N17 / 00. Installation for disinfecting and peeling grain in an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency / A.A. Belov, G.V. Novikova, O.V. Mikhailova; Applicant and patent holder of ANO VO ATU (RU). - No. 2015102653; declared 01/29/2015. Bull. No. 14, 15 pp.

2. RF patent No. 2535146 RF, IPC A23N 17/00. Microwave installation for disinfection of animal feed / G.L. Dolgov, M.V. Belova, T.V. Sharonova, G.V. Novikov; Applicant and patent holder of ChSHA (RU). - No. 2013121131/13; declared 05/07/2013. Bull. No 34 on 12/10/2014, 8 p.

Claims (1)

A radio wave installation for heat treatment of raw materials, characterized in that it contains microwave units with a frequency of 2450 MHz, a toroidal resonator consisting of a torus with three transverse waveguides and a stationary flat plate rigidly fixed along the inner perimeter of the torus, removable modules with additional sources of electromagnetic radiation from the radio wave spectrum, differing in wavelength, while the elements of energy supply from these sources are mounted on a removable top plate located in the central hour a toroidal resonator, and in the transcendental waveguide mounted on the lower side of the torus there is a screw batcher, one of the upper transcendental waveguides is connected to the fitting connected to the air filter, and the third transcendental waveguide is connected to the loading hopper.

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