RU2703062C1 - Plant for potato tubers pre-plant treatment by exposure to electrophysical factors - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the agriculture. Disclosed is a plant for pre-plant treatment of potato tubers, comprising toroidal resonator, which is presented in the form of toroid with round cross-section and joint plane-parallel round surfaces in central part. Inside the toroid there is a grid conveyor, above which there is a stationary unloading limiter, in the central part of the toroidal resonator, which is presented in the form of a capacitor space, there is a disc rotating from the electric motor, above which there is a distributor. Through the torus surface, microwave radiation emitters from magnetrons are directed, and through the upper surface of the central part of the resonator, electrogas-discharge lamps, which are connected to sources of a portion of the kilohertz frequency and isolated with the grid, are directed into the capacitor space. In the center of the surface of the central part of the resonator there is a loading funnel, and under the torus there is an induction heater. In the toroid under the mesh conveyor there is a window with an out-of-limit waveguide for wastes and moving fluoroplastic scrapers, and near the unloading limiter there is an unloading opening with an out-of-limit waveguide for tubers.

EFFECT: apparatus provides decontamination of tubers against pests.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to agriculture and can be used for pre-planting processing of potato tubers in farms.

It is known that the potato yield largely depends on the quality of the sowing tubers, therefore, increasing their sowing qualities is relevant.

Today, chemicals are used for potato pre-planting. They are treated with agricultural products in order to prevent from diseases, pests, and stimulate growth. Most often, such drugs are used for disinfection: Maxim, Fitosporin-M, they are combined with other fungicides and growth stimulants. They protect the crop from diseases at all stages of growth, but do not exclude side effects on humans [1]. It is known that the complex drug Prestige protects against the Colorado potato beetle, wireworm, larvae, etc. When working with any chemicals, it is important to observe safety measures and not exceed the doses recommended by the manufacturer, which is difficult to observe in the conditions of farms.

The technology of electrophysical processing of potato tubers helps to prevent pollution of agricultural land and, without chemical intervention, more effectively use the capabilities of potato tubers. Known methods of presowing stimulating treatment of potato tubers with low-frequency magnetic fields [2]: patents No. 2415536 dated 06.22.2009, No. 2435349 dated March 13, 2009, No. 2483513 dated December 29, 2012, No. 2407264 dated March 16, 2009 Use sources of low-frequency electromagnetic waves (8-19 Hz). The low-frequency magnetic field allows you to increase the germination of tubers and potato productivity. The installation contains an inductor, but the processing time at a frequency of 16 Hz reaches up to 15-20 minutes, which is a disadvantage.

Known medical sources of radiation at kilohertz frequencies, such as "Darsonval" and "Ultraton" [3]. Our studies show that the effect of their influence can be increased if electro-gas discharge lamps are placed in an electromagnetic field of ultra-high frequency.

Known induction heaters, for example induction hobs with precise temperature control [4]. At the same time, the glass-ceramic surface itself does not heat up, the efficiency reaches 0.9, and the energy consumption is 1.5 times less than that of an electric stove. Therefore, to ensure thermal burns of beetles, ectoparasites, wireworms, etc. induction heating is provided.

The purpose of the preventive treatment of potato tubers before planting by the combined action of electrophysical factors is to disinfect from a number of pests, to activate potato tuber cells to accelerate and increase their germination, with the exception of side effects on the physicochemical composition of the grown potatoes.

An object of the invention is to eliminate the shortcomings in the use of chemicals, reduce operating costs when implementing the technology of pre-planting processing of potato tubers and using the installation in farms due to the combined effects of such physical factors as electromagnetic field of ultra-high frequency, corona discharge, ultraviolet rays, ozone and induction heating up.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the installation for preplant treatment of potato tubers with the combined action of electrophysical factors contains a toroidal resonator, presented in the form of a torus with a circular cross section and joined plane-parallel circular surfaces in the central part,

moreover, inside the torus there is a dielectric grid conveyor, over which there is a stationary unloading dielectric limiter, in the central part of the toroidal resonator, presented in the form of a capacitor space, there is a disk rotating from the electric motor, over which a dielectric distributor is installed,

in this case, microwave emitters from magnetrons are directed through the surface of the torus, and electric gas discharge lamps connected to sources of kilohertz frequency and isolated with a grid are directed to the condenser space through the upper surface of the central part of the resonator,

moreover, a loading funnel is installed in the center of the surface of the central part of the resonator, and an induction heater is installed under the torus, so that the segment of the bottom of the torus surface is its secondary winding,

while in the torus under the mesh conveyor there is a window for waste with an extraordinary waveguide and moving fluoroplastic scrapers, and near the discharge dielectric limiter there is a window with an extraordinary waveguide for unloading tubers,

and the disk, dielectric mesh conveyor and fluoroplastic scrapers are driven by an electric motor.

In FIG. 1 shows a spatial image of the installation for pre-planting treatment of potato tubers, the impact of electrophysical factors (in the context):

1 - toroidal resonator;

2 - microwave energy emitters;

3 - induction heater;

4 - dielectric mesh conveyor;

5 - a rotating disk;

6 - dielectric distributor of tubers;

7 - drive disk with a drive pulley;

8 - driven pulley to drive the mesh conveyor;

9 - dielectric scrapers (fluoroplastic) for unloading waste;

10 - discharge window with transcendental waveguide for tubers;

11 - discharge dielectric limiter;

12 - sources of kilohertz frequency;

13 - capacitor space;

14 - loading funnel;

15 - window with a transcendental waveguide for unloading waste.

In FIG. Figure 2 shows a spatial image of a plant for pre-planting treatment of potato tubers under the influence of electrophysical factors (sectional view, left view).

In FIG. Figure 3 shows a spatial image of a plant for pre-planting treatment of potato tubers under the influence of electrophysical factors (sectional view on the right).

In FIG. Figure 4 shows a spatial image of a plant for pre-planting treatment of potato tubers under the influence of electrophysical factors (sectional view from below).

In FIG. 5 shows a spatial image of a toroidal resonator 1 with a loading funnel 14, an unloading window 10 for tubers and a window for unloading waste 15.

Installation for pre-planting treatment of potato tubers by the influence of electrophysical factors includes:

toroidal resonator 1;

microwave energy emitters 2;

induction heater 3;

dielectric mesh conveyor 4;

rotating disk 5;

tubular dielectric distributor 6;

disk drive with drive pulley 7;

driven pulley 8 for driving a dielectric mesh conveyor;

dielectric scrapers (ftoroplastovye) for unloading waste 9;

window 10 for unloading potato tubers;

discharge dielectric limiter 11;

sources of kilohertz frequency 12;

capacitor space 13;

loading funnel 14;

waste discharge window 15.

Installation for pre-planting treatment of potato tubers by the influence of electrophysical factors (Fig. 1-5) consists of a toroidal resonator 1, made in the form of a torus of circular cross section, the average perimeter of which is equal to a multiple of half the wavelength. The middle part of the toroidal resonator 1 is made of two plane-parallel circular planes, forming a capacitor space 13. In this space 13, a disk 5 is mounted coaxially to the resonator, which is driven by an electric motor through the drive pulley 7. Above the disk 5, a tubular dielectric distributor 6 is rigidly mounted in the form of a streamlined surface. Removable electro-gas discharge lamps powered from sources of kilohertz frequency 12 are directed uniformly around the perimeter into the capacitor space 13 through the upper circular plane. Electro-gas discharge lamps are surrounded by a grid restricting the impact of tubers. A loading funnel 14 is installed in the center of the same circular plane. Through the surface of the torus 1, microwave energy emitters 2 from magnetrons are directed. They are located with a shift of 120 degrees, so as not to disrupt the operation of neighboring magnetrons. Inside the torus 1, the dielectric mesh conveyor 4 and the dielectric scrapers 9 move, due to the driven pulley 8 and the drive gear mounted on the shaft. An unloading dielectric limiter 11 is rigidly fixed above the dielectric mesh conveyor 4, which directs the potato tubers to the window 10 with a transverse waveguide. The fluoroplastic scrapers 9 installed under the conveyor 4 move with it and they are intended for unloading waste from the torus through window 15. Under the window 15 there is also a transverse waveguide. An induction heater 3 is installed under the torus, while the torus segment above it 3 carries out the secondary winding of the inductor. So, the installation contains three different sources of electromagnetic radiation: microwave generators (the main components are the magnetron, emitter), an induction heater (the main components are the primary and secondary windings), and kilohertz frequency sources (generator and electric-gas discharge lamps) generating high-frequency alternating pulse current with high voltage, the value of which is in the range of 2-15 kV, the current frequency is 110 kHz. In this case, the voltage can be changed.

The technological process of pre-planting treatment of potato tubers is as follows. Load the potato tubers into the loading funnel 14. Turn on the electric drive of the disk 5 with the drive pulley 7. At the same time, the driven pulley 8 rotates due to the drive pulley, driving the dielectric mesh conveyor 4 and fluoroplastic scrapers 9. Turn on the kilohertz frequency sources 12 and the induction heater 3 , then microwave generators, emitters 2 of which excite in the toroidal resonator 1 an electromagnetic field of microwave frequency.

In a toroidal resonator 1, a traveling wave with a frequency of 2450 MHz is excited, and under the influence of an electromagnetic field of an ultrahigh frequency, potato tubers are heated to 35 ° C. Warming the potato tubers to a temperature of 35 ° C accelerates the enzymatic activity of the tubers, thereby increasing their germination. In the capacitor space 13, the electric field is quite high (more than 2 kV / cm), which ensures a decrease in the microbiological contamination of tubers.

Electric discharge lamps 12 are located from potato tubers at a distance of several millimeters (3-5 mm). In this case, a small electric discharge arises between the lamps and the tubers, which accelerates biochemical reactions, saturates the tubers with oxygen, and increases the elasticity of the tuber peel and its permeability. An electric discharge has a bactericidal and bacteriostatic (delayed reproduction of bacteria) action. During discharges, ozone is formed with a disinfecting effect. If the surface of the tubers contains very high humidity, the inclusion of these sources is not recommended. The conversion of high-voltage voltage to a corona discharge of the required strength occurs due to electric-gas discharge lamps. Complex physical and electrochemical processes involving inert gases in the lamp allow several factors to be obtained. Inert gas acquires the properties of an electrical conductor, then through a layer of air between the lamp and potato tubers, through potatoes and disk 5 it closes to the ground. The result is a corona discharge, therefore, the release of ozone, heat and ultraviolet radiation in the capacitor space 13. This whole complex of factors contributes to the activation of potato tuber cells, which allows to accelerate and increase their germination.

Due to the fact that induction heaters are installed under the bottom segment of the torus, the electromagnetic coil (primary winding) generates a magnetic field, and the bottom segment of the torus surface, made of ferromagnetic material, with a size of at least 70% of the surface of the induction hob burner, is heated by vortex currents. If ectoparasites, screened through the mesh of the conveyor 4, get in with the help of mobile fluoroplastic scrapers 9 to the heated segment of the torus, they are destroyed and removed through the window and the transcendental waveguide for unloading waste 15.

The choice of modes of exposure to factors depends on the variety and maturity of potatoes. The use of such a plant with various electrophysical factors will make it possible to obtain environmentally friendly products that meet all the requirements of standards. This installation is recommended to be used for pre-planting treatment of potato tubers with a size of not more than 6 cm. This is due to the high electric field strength in the capacitor space, the depth of penetration of a centimeter wave into the potato tubers, and also the simplification of the design of transcendental waveguides. They are provided in the unloading windows 10 and 15. Uniform heating of the tubers and continuous operation of the installation is ensured by transportation in the torus using a mesh conveyor.

Information sources:

1. SeloMoe.ru ›kartofel / obrabotka-kartofelya-pered.

2. Titenkova M.S., Makarova G.V. Evaluation of the main parameters of the electrophysical methods of pre-planting treatment of potato tubers // Innovations in agriculture. No. 4 (14), 2015, pp. 34-37.

3.http: //fb.ru/article/322002/instruktsiya-po-primeneniyu-ultratona-apparat-ultraton-instruktsiya-po-primeneniyu-protivopokazaniya

4.home-gid.com/tehnika/induktsionnye-varochnye-paneli-preimushhestva-i-nedostatki.html.

Claims (1)

The plant for pre-planting processing of potato tubers by the action of electrophysical factors is characterized by the fact that it contains a toroidal resonator, presented in the form of a torus with a circular cross section and joined plane-parallel circular surfaces in the central part, and inside the torus there is a dielectric mesh conveyor, over which there is a stationary discharge dielectric limiter, in the central part of the toroidal cavity, presented in the form of a capacitor space, ra a disk rotating from the electric motor is mounted, over which a dielectric distributor is installed, while microwave emitters from magnetrons are directed through the torus surface, and electric gas discharge lamps connected to sources of kilohertz frequency and insulated with a grid are directed into the capacitor space through the upper surface of the torus a loading funnel is installed to the center surface of the central part of the resonator, and induction heating is installed under the torus so that the segment of the bottom of the surface of the torus is its secondary winding, while in the torus under the mesh conveyor there is a window with a transverse waveguide for waste and moving fluoroplastic scrapers, and near the discharge dielectric limiter there is an discharge window with a transverse waveguide for tubers, and the disk is dielectric mesh conveyor and fluoroplastic scrapers are driven by an electric motor.

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