RU2817881C1 - Equipment for heat treatment of secondary meat raw materials in diaphragm resonator by electrophysical factors - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; meat processing.

SUBSTANCE: equipment for thermal treatment of secondary meat raw material in a diaphragm resonator by the effect of electrophysical factors comprises in the horizontal plane a non-ferromagnetic cylindrical resonator with non-ferromagnetic loading and receiving capacities, inside which non-ferromagnetic diaphragms are installed coaxially with shift from each other in the form of coaxially arranged non-ferromagnetic pipes of different lengths with annular communication windows between them, where circular electric gas discharge lamps of bactericidal flow of UV radiation are placed, wherein the average perimeter of the annular window and the distance between the non-ferromagnetic pipes are multiples of half the wavelength, and the diameter of the non-ferromagnetic inner span tubes is less than half the wavelength, at that, the non-ferromagnetic outer tubes are shorter than the non-ferromagnetic inner span tubes, through which the dielectric electric screw auger is installed in the dielectric mesh housing, with a pitch of not more than one wave penetration depth, wherein the distance between the non-ferromagnetic diaphragms is less than the length of the non-ferromagnetic inner span pipe, and on the non-ferromagnetic outer pipe inner surface non-ferromagnetic corona needles are installed, wherein on the surface of the non-ferromagnetic cylindrical resonator with shift of 120 degrees along the perimeter and along the spiral there are waveguides with air-cooled magnetrons, and an out-of-limit waveguide is installed on the lower side.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to create equipment for thermal treatment, disinfection and neutralization of odour of milled substandard secondary meat raw material in continuous mode.

1 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used in agricultural enterprises for disinfection and removal of unpleasant odors during heat treatment of substandard secondary meat raw materials in a continuous mode under the complex influence of a high-intensity electric field in the centimeter range, ozone and a bactericidal flow of ultraviolet rays.

Currently, the processing of meat by-products in the production of feed flour includes cooling in a refrigeration chamber and heat treatment. When slaughtering animals, removing entrails, for example, the stomach of ruminants (rumen, book, mesh, abomasum), and processing them, specific odors are released into the environment, the neutralization of which is important .

The technical problem is the low efficiency of equipment for heat treatment and disinfection of substandard secondary raw materials with the removal of unpleasant odors upon its direct contact with live steam or through a wall from dead steam [1, Ivashov, p. 323].

In this regard, the task is set to develop the most effective method and equipment for heat treatment, disinfection and odor neutralization of crushed substandard secondary meat raw materials in a continuous mode.

There is a known method for disinfecting raw materials of animal origin by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation after primary post-mortem processing with further cooling and storage in a refrigerator. Exposure to UV irradiation is carried out with a power density of 10-50 mW/ ^cm2 , radiation dose of 50-500 mJ/ ^cm2 for 1-50 s [2, Patent No. 2685863]. Flaws. The method only allows for the disinfection of raw materials, but is not intended for odor removal and heat treatment. As sources of ultraviolet irradiation, amalgam or pulsed xenon or LED lamps with reflective focusing coatings are used, providing a power on the surface of the source of at least 30 mW/cm ² .

An analogue is a microwave installation with a screw resonator for heat treatment of raw materials of animal origin in a continuous mode [3, patent No. 2679203]. The installation combines the processes of transporting crushed raw materials using a screw auger, cooking and sterilization using microwave technology using a microwave generator.

Flaw. In this installation, heat treatment of raw materials is possible, but it is impossible to remove its unpleasant odor and the formation of the required organoleptic characteristics that increase storage stability. This is possible under the complex influence of the main electrophysical factors - a high-intensity electric field of ultrahigh frequency, ozone and a bactericidal flow of ultraviolet (UV) rays.

The closest device the totality of essential features is the design of a diaphragm waveguide [4, fig. 7.10; rice. 7.5]. In it, the electric field is concentrated in narrow gaps in individual resonators; inside the flight tubes there is no ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic field. Microwave energy propagates through communication windows in diaphragms [4, p. 138]. This principle is used in the design of the developed equipment for heat treatment of secondary meat raw materials in a diaphragm resonator under the influence of electrophysical factors in a continuous mode.

Design features and principle of operation. In a non-ferromagnetic diaphragm resonator, the microwave electric field is mainly concentrated in the gaps between the non-ferromagnetic diaphragms, and inside the non-ferromagnetic internal span tubes the microwave electromagnetic field (EMF) is practically absent [4, p. 138]. Separate resonator chambers are formed between non-ferromagnetic diaphragms. In such a system, microwave energy propagates from non-ferromagnetic diaphragms to individual resonators through ring coupling windows in non-ferromagnetic diaphragms. The developed installation represents a non-ferromagnetic cylindrical resonator with non-ferromagnetic diaphragms forming separate resonator chambers. Communication between individual resonator chambers is carried out through special ring communication windows

in non-ferromagnetic diaphragms. For a radio wave of vibration type E ₀₁₀ to pass through, it is necessary that the critical wavelength be greater than the operating wavelength of the microwave generator (12.24 cm).

To achieve the stated technical result, equipment for heat treatment of secondary meat raw materials in a diaphragm resonator under the influence of electrophysical factors (Fig. 1-7) contains

in the horizontal plane a non-ferromagnetic cylindrical resonator with non-ferromagnetic loading and receiving capacitances,

inside which non-ferromagnetic diaphragms are installed coaxially with a shift from each other in the form of coaxially located non-ferromagnetic pipes of different lengths with annular communication windows between them, where annular electric gas-discharge lamps for a bactericidal flow of UV radiation are located,

moreover, the average perimeter of the annular window and the distance between the non-ferromagnetic pipes are multiples of half the wavelength, and the diameter of the non-ferromagnetic internal span pipes is less than half the wavelength,

in this case, the non-ferromagnetic outer pipes are shorter than the non-ferromagnetic internal span pipes, through which a dielectric electrically driven screw screw is installed in a dielectric mesh housing, with a step of no more than one wave penetration depth,

in this case, the distance between the non-ferromagnetic diaphragms is less than the length of the non-ferromagnetic internal span pipe,

and non-ferromagnetic corona needles are installed on the inner surface of the non-ferromagnetic outer pipe,

Moreover, on the surface of a non-ferromagnetic cylindrical resonator with a shift of 120 degrees along the perimeter and in a spiral, waveguides with air-cooled magnetrons are located and a transcendental waveguide is installed on the bottom side.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings (Fig. 1-7), which show spatial images:

- equipment for heat treatment of secondary meat raw materials in a diaphragm resonator under the influence of electrophysical factors, general view, with positions (Fig. 1);

- non-ferromagnetic cylindrical resonator (Fig. 2);

- non-ferromagnetic diaphragms for communication between individual resonators (Fig. 3);

- cylindrical mesh dielectric housing of the screw (Fig. 4);

- dielectric electrically driven screw (Fig. 5);

- a ring electric gas-discharge lamp of a bactericidal flow of UV rays (Fig. 6).

- technological diagram of the heat treatment process of raw materials (Fig. 7).

Equipment for heat treatment of secondary meat raw materials in a diaphragm resonator under the influence of electrophysical factors (Fig. 1-7) contains:

- non-ferromagnetic loading container 1;

- non-ferromagnetic cylindrical resonator 2;

- non-ferromagnetic internal span pipes 3;

- non-ferromagnetic outer pipes 4;

- ring communication windows 5;

- non-ferromagnetic diaphragms 6;

- air-cooled magnetrons 7;

- gap 8 between non-ferromagnetic diaphragms 6;

- separate resonator chambers 9;

- dielectric electric driven screw screw 10;

- cylindrical mesh dielectric housing 11 of the screw 10;

- ring electric discharge lamps 12 bactericidal flow of UV rays;

- non-ferromagnetic receiving capacity 13;

- non-ferromagnetic corona needles 14;

- transcendental waveguide 15.

Equipment for heat treatment of secondary meat raw materials in a diaphragm resonator under the influence of electrophysical factors (Fig. 1-7) contains in the horizontal plane a non-ferromagnetic cylindrical resonator 2 with non-ferromagnetic loading 1 and receiving 13 containers. Inside the non-ferromagnetic cylindrical resonator 2, non-ferromagnetic diaphragms 6 are installed coaxially with a shift from each other. Each non-ferromagnetic diaphragm 6 is made in the form of coaxially located non-ferromagnetic pipes 3, 4 of different lengths (non-ferromagnetic outer short pipe 4 and non-ferromagnetic inner span pipe 3). Between the non-ferromagnetic pipes 3, 4 there is an annular communication window 5, where an annular electric gas-discharge lamp 12 for a bactericidal flow of UV rays is located. The average perimeter of the annular communication window is 5 and the distance between the non-ferromagnetic pipes is 3, 4 multiples of half the wavelength. The diameter of the non-ferromagnetic internal span tubes 3 is less than half the wavelength.

Separate resonator chambers 9 are formed between the non-ferromagnetic diaphragms 6. Along the central axis of the non-ferromagnetic cylindrical resonator 2, through the non-ferromagnetic internal flight tubes 3, a dielectric electric driven screw 10 is installed in a cylindrical mesh dielectric housing 11 with a step of no more than one wave penetration depth (5-6 cm ). The distance between the non-ferromagnetic internal span pipes 3 is less than their length, and on the inner surface of the non-ferromagnetic outer short pipe 4, non-ferromagnetic corona needles 14 are installed. The cylindrical body of the screw 11 is made in a rigid frame made of a dielectric mesh.

On the surface of a non-ferromagnetic cylindrical resonator 2 with a shift of 120 degrees around the perimeter, waveguides with air-cooled magnetrons 7 and a transcendental waveguide 15 are located in a spiral.

The technological process of heat treatment, disinfection and odor neutralization of secondary meat raw materials occurs as follows(Fig. 1-7). Load the crushed secondary substandard meat raw materials into the non-ferromagnetic loading container 1, with the valve closed. Turn on the electric drive of the dielectric screw screw 10. Open the damper in the non-ferromagnetic loading container 1. When raw materials enter the dielectric electric screw screw 10, turn on the air-cooled magnetrons 7 in series. In this case, an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency (EMF) (frequency 2450 MHz, wavelength 12.24 cm, wave penetration depth into the raw material 5-6 cm) is excited in a non-ferromagnetic cylindrical resonator 2, between non-ferromagnetic diaphragms 6, and in a non-ferromagnetic internal flight tube 3 there is no electric field. Microwave energy propagates through the annular communication windows 5 in non-ferromagnetic diaphragms 6. The annular electric gas discharge lamps 12 of the bactericidal flow of UV rays, located in the annular communication windows 5, light up and begin to corona between the non-ferromagnetic corona needles 14. In this case, ozonation of the air occurs. Ozone and the bactericidal flow of ultraviolet rays of area “C” are distributed inside the non-ferromagnetic cylindrical resonator 2. Ozone penetrates the raw materials through the cylindrical mesh dielectric housing 11 of the dielectric electric driven screw screw 10. The raw materials are exposed to the bactericidal flow of UV rays through the cylindrical mesh dielectric housing 11 between non-ferromagnetic diaphragms 6 The most important feature of UV rays is their bactericidal effect in the wavelength range of 254-257 nm. When ring-shaped electric discharge lamps 12 corona the bactericidal flow of UV rays into the microwave emfield, ozone is formed in the air. It has a strong oxidizing and disinfecting effect on raw materials. It is known that a concentration of 0.03 mg/l inhibits the processes of reproduction and growth of bacteria, and 1.5 mg/l destroys their vegetative forms.

When moving by a dielectric electrically driven screw screw 10 through a cylindrical mesh dielectric housing 11, the raw material is finely crushed and subjected to ozonation, exposure to a bactericidal flow of UV rays and a high-intensity electric field (0.6-1.2 kV/cm) only in the gap 8 between non-ferromagnetic diaphragms 6 , and in non-ferromagnetic internal span pipes 3 there is no microwave emf. In non-ferromagnetic internal span pipes 3, the raw material is subjected only to ozonation, and here the pressure, temperature and humidity are equalized in the raw material across its cross section. This alternation of the impact of EMPSHF on raw materials through a pause (without exposure to EMPSHF) with a duty cycle of less than 0.5 (the ratio of the duration without exposure to EMPSHF to the cycle duration) ensures uniform temperature distribution throughout the structure of the raw material during ozonation and exposure to a bactericidal flow of UV rays. In addition, in the volume between the screws of the dielectric electrically driven screw screw 10, the thickness of the raw material does not exceed one penetration depth of the electromagnetic wave, at which the energy is reduced by 2.73 times. By using several air-cooled magnetrons 7, it is possible to increase the number of types of oscillations excited in a given range and increase the uniformity of heating of the raw material.

There is an alternation of the complex influence of a high-intensity electric field in the centimeter range, ozone and a bactericidal flow of UV rays with the influence of only ozone with a duty cycle of less than 0.5. In this case, the raw materials are disinfected (the electric field strength is high), evenly subjected to heat treatment, and odors are neutralized due to ozone and a bactericidal flow. The finished product is discharged through an open hole on the surface, at the end of the non-ferromagnetic cylindrical resonator 2, into the non-ferromagnetic receiving container 13. The liquid part of the raw material seeps through the cylindrical mesh dielectric housing 11 of the dielectric electric driven screw screw 10 and merges through the over-the-range waveguide 15 with a ball valve. After completing the technological process of heat treatment of raw materials and neutralizing the odor, all equipment should be de-energized and sanitized.

The innovative idea is that a cylindrical diaphragm resonator with annular electric gas-discharge lamps of a bactericidal flow of UV rays in annular volumes ensuring the distribution of microwave emfs between non-ferromagnetic diaphragms, each of which is presented in the form of coaxially located non-ferromagnetic outer pipes

with non-ferromagnetic corona needles, and a non-ferromagnetic internal flight tube, allows:

- carry out uniform heat treatment of raw materials in a continuous mode with a duty cycle of less than 0.5 when placing a dielectric electrically driven screw screw with a cylindrical mesh dielectric housing in a non-ferromagnetic internal flight tube with a diameter of less than half the wavelength;

- disinfect the feed product and neutralize unpleasant odors through the combined effects of microwave emitters, ozone and a bactericidal flow of UV rays at reduced operating costs.

- to realize the required productivity of the installation by installing additional non-ferromagnetic diaphragms, regulating the rotation speed of the dielectric electrically driven screw screw, increasing the power of the ring electric discharge lamps for the bactericidal flow of UV rays and the power of the magnetrons.

Information sources

1. Ivashov V.I. Technological equipment of meat industry enterprises. Part 1. Equipment for slaughter and primary processing. - M.: Kolos, 2001. - 552 p. (p. 323).

2. Patent No. 2685863. RF, IPC Method of disinfection of raw materials of animal origin / N. D. Kiknadze, D.V. Davydov; applicant and patent holder LLC "AGRONIS" (RU). Bull. 3 12 from 23.04. 2019.

3. Patent No. 2679203 of the Russian Federation, IPC A23K 10/00. Microwave installation for heat treatment of non-food waste of animal origin in continuous mode / G. V. Zhdankin, G. V. Novikova, M. V. Belova; applicant and patent holder NGSHA (RU). No. 2017108866; appl. 03/20/2017. Bull. No. 26 dated September 17, 2018.

4. Voskoboynik M.F., Chernikov A.I. Microwave equipment and devices. M.: Radio communication, 1982. 208 p. (p. 138).

Claims (8)

Equipment for heat treatment of secondary meat raw materials in a diaphragm resonator under the influence of electrophysical factors contains in the horizontal plane a non-ferromagnetic cylindrical resonator with non-ferromagnetic loading and receiving capacitances, inside which non-ferromagnetic diaphragms are installed coaxially with a shift from each other in the form of coaxially located non-ferromagnetic pipes of different lengths with annular communication windows between them, where annular electric gas-discharge lamps for a bactericidal flow of UV radiation are located, moreover, the average perimeter of the annular window and the distance between the non-ferromagnetic pipes are multiples of half the wavelength, and the diameter of the non-ferromagnetic internal span pipes is less than half the wavelength, in this case, the non-ferromagnetic outer pipes are shorter than the non-ferromagnetic internal span pipes, through which a dielectric electrically driven screw screw is installed in a dielectric mesh housing, with a step of no more than one wave penetration depth, in this case, the distance between the non-ferromagnetic diaphragms is less than the length of the non-ferromagnetic internal span pipe, and non-ferromagnetic corona needles are installed on the inner surface of the non-ferromagnetic outer pipe, Moreover, on the surface of the non-ferromagnetic cylindrical resonator with a shift of 120 degrees along the perimeter and in a spiral, waveguides with air-cooled magnetrons are located, and a transliminal waveguide is installed on the bottom side.