RU2600697C1 - Microwave plant for melting fat - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to food industry and is intended for disinfecting and melting fat of fat-containing raw material. Plant comprises a mounting frame, on which there is cylindrical shielding housing 1 with a conical bottom. Resonating chamber 2, 3 of non-ferromagnetic material is rigidly fixed inside housing 1. It is made of perforated spheres 3, which are uniformly attached along the perimeter to the side surface of cylinder 2. For this purpose, the side surface has openings, which are joined with openings on corresponding spheres. Dimensions of openings, parameters of the cylinder and diameter of spheres are matched with a wavelength, and their number - with the number of spheres. Microwave generator units 4 are secured to the side surface of shielding housing 1 on the outer side so, that radiators 5 are directed through dielectric bushings in corresponding spheres. On the upper base of the shielding housing there is receiving tank 10. Tank 10 is communicated with a grinding mechanism in the form of pressure screw 9, knife 8 and grate 7. Inside the cylinder 2 there is coaxially located dielectric blade feeder 6 that doubles as dissector. Dissector drive is located on the outer side of shielding housing 1, conical bottom of which comprises drain branch pipe 11 connected with pump 12.

EFFECT: invention provides higher quality of the process of extracting and disinfecting fat from fat-containing raw material.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to technological equipment of enterprises of the meat industry and is intended for heating and disinfecting fat from fat-containing raw materials.

Vacuum boilers of various designs and capacities are available for flushing fat from fat-containing raw materials with deaf and sharp steam. They differ in specific heat transfer surface area, mixer designs, vacuum systems and process automation. The disadvantages of boilers include the long duration of contact of raw materials with a high-temperature coolant, which reduces the quality of fat and grease [1, p. 332].

Known installation for heat treatment of crushed raw materials by the action of an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency (EMF microwave) [2].

In some microwave devices, not individual resonators are used, but a chain of resonators [3, p. 77].

The present invention is intended for the processing of all types of soft fat-containing raw materials.

The technological task of the invention is the intensification of the process of extracting and disinfecting fat from fat-containing raw materials and improving the quality of fat and greaves.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the microwave installation for melting fat contains on the mounting frame a cylindrical shielding body with a conical bottom, inside of which a resonator chamber of non-ferromagnetic material is rigidly fixed, made of perforated spheres fixed uniformly around the perimeter to the side surface of the cylinder having windows that are docked with windows on the respective spheres, while the size of the windows, the cylinder parameters and the diameter of the sphere are consistent with the wavelength, and their number with the number spheres, moreover, the microwave generator blocks are attached to the side surface of the shielding case from the outside so that the emitters are directed through dielectric bushings into the corresponding spheres, with a grinder of a grinding mechanism containing knives and a discharge screw connected to the receiving tank located on the upper base the upper base of the shielding housing, while inside the cylinder there is a coaxially located dielectric blade feeder acting as a disector, the electric motor of which th located on the outer side of the shield frame, a conical bottom which comprises a drain pipe connected to the pump.

In FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a microwave installation for melting fat (front view): 1 - a shielding housing in the form of a cylinder with a conical bottom; 2 - a cylindrical part of the resonator chamber; 3 - spherical part of the resonator chamber; 4 - microwave generator unit; 5 - emitter from a magnetron; 6 - fluoroplastic blade feeder with an electric motor (disector); 7, 8 - grinding mechanism (knives and gratings); 9 - discharge screw; 10 - receiving capacity; 11 - pipe with valve; 12 - pump for removal of molten fat mass.

In FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a microwave installation for melting fat (top view): 1 - a shielding body in the form of a cylinder with a conical bottom; 2 - a cylindrical part of the resonator chamber; 3 - spherical part of the resonator chamber; 4 - microwave generator unit; 5 - emitter from a magnetron; 6 - dielectric blade feeder with an electric motor (disector); 7, 8 - grinding mechanism (knives and gratings); 9 - discharge screw; 10 - receiving capacity.

A new design of the cavity of the microwave installation has been developed, which allows to achieve maximum quality factor and ensures the accuracy of the technological process of processing raw materials without complex radiation control systems through a shielding housing, using low-power magnetrons.

The purpose of this design of the resonator chamber is to contribute to the best interaction of microwave fields with electron flows. This interaction will be the stronger, the greater the electric field strength. When designing such resonators, they strive to make sure that the microwave oscillations supplied to them during propagation have the largest amplitude of the electric field in the places where the electron beam passes.

Developed microwave installation for melting fat (Fig. 1) contains:

- shielding housing 1 in the form of a cylinder with a conical bottom of non-ferromagnetic material (aluminum) mounted on a mounting frame;

- a resonant chamber, consisting of two parts: a cylindrical part 2 and spherical parts 3;

- microwave generator blocks 4;

- emitters 5 directed to the spherical parts 3 of the resonator chamber through dielectric bushings;

- blade feeder 6, which allows you to move the crushed raw materials from the cylindrical part of the resonator chamber to the spherical parts of the chamber and at the same time performs the function of a disector, contributing to the alignment of the electromagnetic field in the cylindrical volume 2 of the resonator chamber;

- grinding mechanism (knives 8 and gratings 7), designed to grind to small particles of fat-containing raw materials received in the receiving tank 10;

- a discharge screw 9 allowing pushing the crushed raw materials into the cylindrical part 2 of the resonator chamber;

- a receiving tank 10 for loading fat-containing raw materials;

- a drain pipe 11 with a valve connected to a transfer pump;

- pump 12 for the removal of melted fat mass;

- spherical 3 parts of the resonator chamber are formed by perforated hemispheres 14 and are made of non-ferromagnetic material;

- a cylindrical part 2 of the resonator chamber, on the upper base 15 of which in the center there is a pipe for docking with a grinding mechanism 7, 8, 9, and a fluoroplastic blade feeder 6 (disector) electric motor is installed in the center of the lower base.

A cylindrical shielding housing 1 of a non-ferromagnetic material with a conical bottom is mounted on the mounting frame. A rigidly mounted resonator chamber made of a cylindrical part 2 and spherical parts 3 is coaxially located inside the housing. Each spherical part 3 of the resonator chamber is made of non-ferromagnetic material and is represented by two hemispheres 14. Moreover, the lower part of each sphere 3 is perforated. On the side surface of the cylindrical part 2 of the resonator chamber there are windows whose dimensions are consistent with the wavelength, and their number is equal to the number of microwave generators. The parameters of the cylinder and the diameter of the sphere are consistent with the wavelength. The same size has a window on each sphere 3 from the side of the internal hemispheres, which are rigidly fixed to the cylindrical part 2 of the resonator chamber, so that the windows are docked. The outer hemispheres are rigidly fixed to the side surface of the shielding housing 1 from the inside. From the outside of the shielding housing 1, the microwave generator blocks 4 are docked, so that the emitter is directed through the dielectric bushings into the sphere 3. Moreover, the microwave generator blocks 5 can be docked not to each sphere, but alternately. A feeder 6 is coaxially located inside the cylindrical part of the resonator chamber 2 (at the same time acting as a disector for aligning the electromagnetic field of the microwave in the cylinder). In the center of the lower base of cylinder 2, an electric motor of a fluoroplastic blade feeder 6 (disector) is installed. On the upper base of the cylinder 2 in the center there is a receiving pipe, docked to the grill 7 of the grinding mechanism (7, 8, 9). The receiving tank 10 is located above the discharge screw 9. The grinding mechanism is designed to grind fat-containing raw materials to fine particles entering the receiving tank 10. At the same time, the discharge screw 9 allows the crushed material to be pushed into the cylindrical part 2 of the resonator chamber. The conical bottom of the shielding housing 1 contains a drain pipe 11 with a valve connected to a transfer pump 12. The pump is designed to pump molten grease from a conical storage bottom to a special tank for further processing.

The workflow in a microwave installation for melting fat is as follows. The fat-containing raw materials are loaded into the receiving tank 10. The grinding motor of the grinding unit is turned on, in which the fat-containing raw materials from the receiving tank 10 are delivered to the rotating knives 8 by means of the injection screw 9, are crushed, pressed through the grate 7. The grate has openings for fine grinding of the raw materials. The rotational speed of the auger and chopper knives is adjustable. When squeezing fat-containing raw materials through the holes of the lattice, the destruction of fat cells occurs. The crushed fat mass enters the cylindrical container 2, i.e. into the space between two disks, the distance between them is consistent with the wavelength. Simultaneously with the electric motor of the grinding mechanism include the electric motor of the dielectric blade feeder 6 (disector). It provides a centrifugal field in the cylindrical part of the resonator chamber 2. The crushed particles are centrifugally pressed against the side wall of the cylindrical container 2. The rapidly rotating dielectric blade feeder 6 (disector) crushed particles of fat-containing raw materials are sent to the spherical parts 3 of the resonator chamber. Due to the centrifugal force, the crushed particles move to the periphery of the cylinder 2, and through the windows on its lateral surface fall into the spherical parts 3 of the resonator chamber.

Turn on microwave generators 4, 5 at a certain power. Under the influence of EMF microwave, the polarization of dipoles occurs, due to which endogenous heat is generated in the raw material, as a result of which the fat melts from the fat-containing raw material during its mixing. The extracted fat flows through the perforation of the spherical parts 3 of the resonator chamber. Due to the large revolutions of the blade feeder 6 (disector), the squash is destroyed to small particles that pass through the perforation of the spheres 3. By opening the valve of the drain pipe 11, a mixture of squash and fat can be pumped using pump 12. The radiation flux through the perforation of the spheres and the holes of the grill 7 of the grinding mechanism will be closed in the melted fat accumulated in the conical bottom of the shielding housing 1.

Finely ground fatty raw materials are in suspension and endogenously heated in the resonator chamber 2, 3 and melted. The molten fat mass enters the storage tank 1 (the conical bottom of the shielding body) through perforation in the hemispheres 2. Then, the pump 12 is pumped through the drain pipe for further processing. The high heat transfer rate in the installation is achieved by combining the processes of grinding the raw materials while providing a centrifugal field using a dielectric blade feeder 6 (disector) and uniform heating in an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency.

The installation, simple in design, has a small specific metal consumption, provides for the intensification and continuity of the processing process by mixing the crushed fat-containing raw materials and dielectric heating. The heating of raw materials in suspension and the short duration of processing create the conditions for the rational use of EMF energy, while ensuring high quality fat. The existing hinged covers on the upper bases of the cylinder 2 and the shielding housing allow the unit to be cleaned.

The installation contains many spherical resonators connected to each other through holes in the common side wall of the cylinder 2. If one spherical resonator 3 is excited, then microwave energy through the hole in the side wall enters the inside of the cylinder 2, and then into the neighboring sphere. The electron flow passing through holes in the closely located walls of the resonator excites electromagnetic waves in it. The small distance between the bases of the cylinder 2 can reduce the time of flight of electrons in the resonator, and this is very important when generating and amplifying microwave oscillations. The shape of the resonator profile determines the structure of the excited electromagnetic fields. The electric field is mainly concentrated in the inner part of the resonator (in the cylindrical part), where the distance between the bases is small. This part of the resonator has a predominantly capacitive character. The value of the specific energy released in the elementary volumes of the cylindrical part of the resonator chamber 2 can vary by 10 ... 15 times. In this regard, the dielectric blades of the feeder simultaneously serve as a disector system, contributing to the alignment of the electromagnetic field in the cylindrical volume 2 of the resonator chamber.

The number of microwave generator blocks 4, 5 affects the performance of the installation. The drain pipe 11 and the receiving pipe perform the functions of transcendental waveguides, their length and diameter are consistent with the wavelength (12.4 cm) so that limits the radiation to an acceptable level for maintenance personnel. While ensuring a high electric field intensity, the microwave product (a mixture of fat with greaves) is completely disinfected, and the quality of the product remains high.

The supply of the initial fat-containing raw materials in the resonator chamber 2, 3, the power of the microwave generators 4, the rotational speed of the dielectric blade feeder 6 (disector) are regulated. The installation allows to reduce energy costs for disinfection and melting of fat from fat-containing raw materials, to improve their energy value.

Information sources

1. Ivashov V.I. Technological equipment for the meat industry. Part 1. Equipment for slaughter and primary processing. - M .: Kolos, 2001 .-- 552 p.

2. Patent No. 2409915 of the Russian Federation, IPC Н05В 6/64. Installation for diathermic processing of crushed raw materials / T.M. Grigoriev, M.V. Belova, G.V. Novikov; Applicant and patent holder of ChSHA (RU). - No.2010101203 / 07 (001598); declared 01/15/2010; publ. 01/20/2011. Bull. No. 2. - 12 p.

3. Voskoboinik M.F. Microwave equipment and devices. - M .: Radio and communications, 1982. - 208 p.

Claims (1)

A microwave installation for melting fat, characterized in that a cylindrical shielding housing with a conical bottom is installed on the mounting frame, inside which a resonator chamber of non-ferromagnetic material is rigidly mounted, made of perforated spheres attached uniformly around the perimeter to the side surface of the cylinder, which has windows that are docked with windows on the respective spheres, while the size of the windows, the cylinder parameters and the diameter of the sphere are consistent with the wavelength, and their number with the number of spheres, moreover, the microwave generator blocks are mounted on the side surface of the shielding case from the outside so that the emitters are directed through the dielectric bushings into the corresponding spheres, and on the upper base of the shielding case there is a receiving tank in communication with the grinding mechanism in the form of an injection screw, knife and grate while the inside of the cylinder is coaxially located dielectric blade feeder, performing the function of a disector, the electric motor of which is located on the outside shielding th case, the conical bottom of which contains a drain pipe connected to the pump.

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