RU2813919C1 - Installation with microwave energy supply to biconical resonator for grinding and thermal treatment of secondary raw materials of animal origin - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: installation with microwave energy supply to biconical resonator for grinding and thermal treatment of secondary raw material of animal origin contains vertically arranged non-ferromagnetic biconical resonator 4 in the form of truncated cones with a common base of round section and with an inner surface made in the form of non-ferromagnetic knife combs 5, with a height of less than a quarter of the wavelength and a pitch of half the wavelength. Abrasive rims 10 of wheels 6 with dielectric webs 11 serrated on both sides and hubs 12 move in grooves of combs 5. Wheels with the help of dielectric pins 13 are fixed in tiers on dielectric electric drive shaft 3. They are located coaxially in non-ferromagnetic biconical resonator 4. On small bases of truncated cones there are loading 1 and receiving 9 tanks with non-ferromagnetic screw conveyors 2 and 8. Holes for dielectric pins 13 along the height of shaft 3 are shifted so that dielectric webs 11 in tiered wheels 6 do not overlap each other. Waveguides with magnetrons 7 are located along the perimeter of the surface of non-ferromagnetic biconical resonator 4, with shift of 120 degrees, at equal intervals along the height.

EFFECT: invention can be used in farms for grinding and thermal treatment of secondary raw materials of animal origin in continuous mode with preservation of fodder value.

1 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used on farms for heat treatment of secondary raw materials of animal origin (animal slaughter waste, raw meat processing waste, etc.) under the influence of a microwave electromagnetic field (EMF) during grinding in a continuous mode while preserving feed product values.

When processing slaughtered birds and animals, secondary raw materials remain, which, as they accumulate, are sent to vacuum boilers, sterilized and further dried to produce meat and bone meal. Due to the duration of contact of raw materials with a high-temperature coolant, it is not possible to fully preserve the feed value of the product; moreover, energy consumption (30 kWh/t) and steam consumption (1200 kg/t) are quite high [1].

There are known devices for heat treatment of fatty raw materials, operating by direct contact with grinding mechanisms. These are centrifugal machines of various designs that provide grinding and melting of fatty raw materials in short periods of time for a continuous production line. For example, the main working body is a perforated drum, movable and stationary knives [2].

Primaryadacheyis preservation of the feed value of secondary raw materials of animal origin during heat treatment in a continuous mode on farms.

The scientific problem - the low energy efficiency of installations for heat treatment of secondary biological raw materials is solved by developing technology and equipment with microwave energy supply, the implementation of which ensures the preservation of the feed value of the product at reduced operating costs.

The closest device in terms of the totality of essential features is a continuous-flow microwave installation with a biconical resonator and a screw for cooking animal slaughter waste (patent No. 2729151) [3]. The installation provides heat treatment of pre-shredded non-food waste when moving through a biconical resonator with an electrically driven dielectric screw screw. Disadvantage - the energy efficiency of the installation does not meet the requirements of farms.

A comb deceleration system is known , in which electromagnetic waves propagate along combs, the pitch of which is small compared to the wavelength, and the thickness of the tooth is significantly less than the pitch [4].

A known system is in the form of a corrugated horn [5] (the truncated cone of the developed biconical resonator is made by analogy).

The claimed invention is aimed at solving a technical problem - heat treatment of secondary raw materials of animal origin during grinding in an EMPHF, which allows reducing operating costs and preserving the nutritional value of the product.

Technical result , which can be obtained by implementing the invention - heat treatment of secondary raw materials of animal origin in a microwave emitter during continuous grinding in compliance with electromagnetic safety without a shielding housing and ensuring reliability in operation by improving the contact of the grinding working body with the raw material.

A significant difference of the installation is in the biconical non-ferromagnetic resonator, the internal surface is made in the form of a comb slow-down system, where between the combs there are non-ferromagnetic rims of wheels with dielectric sheets, jagged on both sides, and the wheels are mounted in tiers on a dielectric shaft, forming an electrically driven chopper.

To solve the technical problem and achieve the stated technical result, an installation with microwave energy supply into a biconical resonator for grinding and heat treatment of secondary raw materials of animal origin contains

a vertically located non-ferromagnetic biconical resonator in the form of truncated cones with a common base of circular cross-section and an internal surface made in the form of non-ferromagnetic knife combs, a height of less than a quarter wavelength and a pitch of half a wavelength, in the grooves of which abrasive rims of dielectric wheels with dielectric blades serrated with two sides and hubs,

wherein the dielectric wheels, with the help of dielectric fingers, are mounted in tiers on a dielectric electric drive shaft, coaxially located in a non-ferromagnetic biconical resonator, on the small bases of which there are non-ferromagnetic loading and receiving containers with electric non-ferromagnetic screw screws,

in this case, the holes for the dielectric fingers along the height of the dielectric electric drive shaft are shifted so that the dielectric sheets in tiered dielectric wheels do not overlap each other,

Moreover, the waveguides with magnetrons are located along the perimeter of the surface of the biconical resonator, with a shift of 120 degrees, at equal intervals in height.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, which show spatial images:

- installations with microwave energy supply into a biconical resonator for grinding and heat treatment of secondary raw materials of animal origin, general view in section with positions (Fig. 1);

- lower non-ferromagnetic truncated cone with a comb inner surface (Fig. 2);

- a dielectric wheel with an abrasive rim and hub, with dielectric sheets, jagged on both sides of different diameters for the corresponding tiers (Fig. 3-7); in fig. Figure 3 shows the positions on the abrasive rim 10, dielectric sheets 11, hub 12, and in FIG. 4-7 dielectric wheels for other tiers, without positions with other diameters.

- non-ferromagnetic biconical resonator (Fig. 8);

- dielectric wheels on the shaft (rotor-chopper) (Fig. 9).

An installation with microwave energy supply into a biconical resonator for grinding and heat treatment of secondary raw materials of animal origin contains (Fig. 1-9):

- non-ferromagnetic loading container 1;

- electrically driven non-ferromagnetic screw screw 2 for loading;

- dielectric electric drive shaft 3;

- non-ferromagnetic biconical resonator 4;

- non-ferromagnetic knife combs 5;

- dielectric wheels 6;

- waveguides with air-cooled magnetrons 7;

- electrically driven non-ferromagnetic screw screw 8 for unloading;

- non-ferromagnetic receiving capacity 9;

- abrasive rims 10;

- dielectric sheets 11 jagged on both sides;

- dielectric hubs 12;

- dielectric fingers 13.

An installation with microwave energy supply to a biconical resonator for grinding and heat treatment of secondary raw materials of animal origin (Fig. 1-9) contains a vertically located non-ferromagnetic biconical resonator 4 in the form of truncated cones, with a common base of circular cross-section. The inner surface of the non-ferromagnetic biconical resonator is made in the form of non-ferromagnetic knife combs 5 of equal height. There are grooves between the combs, in which abrasive rims 10 of dielectric wheels 6 are located. Each dielectric wheel 6, with a diameter corresponding to the diameter (Figs 4-7) consists of an abrasive rim 10, dielectric cloths 11 jagged on both sides and a hub 12 (the hub is the central part of the wheel connecting through blades 11 with rim 10).

There is a gap between the abrasive rim 10 and the surface of the groove of the non-ferromagnetic knife comb 5, which allows the free rotation of the dielectric wheel attached to the dielectric electric drive shaft 3 using a hub 12. The dielectric electric drive shaft rotates from a reversible electric motor, i.e. the wheels can be rotated in any direction. This will reduce the wear of the cutting non-ferromagnetic knife combs 5 and the teeth of the dielectric blades 11. Dielectric wheels 6 with abrasive rims 10, dielectric blades 11 jagged on both sides and hubs 12 are mounted in tiers on a dielectric electric drive shaft 3 and are presented as a grinding mechanism coaxially located in a non-ferromagnetic biconical resonator 4. The diameters of the dielectric wheels are selected so that their abrasive rims 10 are in the corresponding grooves of the knife combs 5, and the dielectric hub 12 is fixed on the dielectric shaft 3. On the small bases of the non-ferromagnetic biconical resonator (truncated cones with a common large base) there is a loading 1 and a receiving tank 9 with electrically driven non-ferromagnetic screw screws 2, 8, respectively. Waveguides with air-cooled magnetrons 7 are located along the perimeter on the surface of a non-ferromagnetic biconical resonator, shifted by 120 degrees, at equal intervals along the height of the resonator.

The technological process occurs as follows. Turn on the electric drives 3 of the grinding mechanism and the non-ferromagnetic screw auger 2. The raw material loaded into the container 1, partially crushed by the electric-driven non-ferromagnetic screw auger 2, enters through a hole on the small upper base into the non-ferromagnetic biconical resonator 4, where it falls on rotating dielectric wheels 6 with dielectric serrated blades 11 on both sides and abrasive rims 10 (rims are made of abrasive material). Next, turn on the waveguides with air-cooled magnetrons 7, after which an electromagnetic field in the centimeter range (2450 MHz, wavelength 12.24 cm) is excited in the non-ferromagnetic biconical resonator. With the help of dielectric wheels 6, the raw material is thrown due to centrifugal force to the inner surface of a non-ferromagnetic biconical resonator with non-ferromagnetic knife combs 5. Non-ferromagnetic knife combs 5 perform the function of a deck. The raw material is crushed by the impact of a rapidly rotating working body (tiered dielectric wheels 6) on non-ferromagnetic knife combs. The degree of grinding depends on the rotation speed of the dielectric wheels 6 and their number, the structural and mechanical properties of the raw material, the angle of meeting of the knife surface of the non-ferromagnetic combs 5 with the raw material and the grain size of the abrasive material of the rim 10, as well as the teeth of the dielectric blades 11. The peripheral speed of the dielectric wheels 6 can be different , depending on the type of raw material (40-70 m/s). The rotation speed of the working body must be sufficient (150-250 rpm) so that the impact energy is sufficient to complete the work of grinding raw material particles. A large number of collisions at sufficient wheel speeds leads to a high degree of grinding of raw materials. With repeated impacts of the working bodies (abrasive rims 10, non-ferromagnetic knife combs 5 and dielectric blades 11, serrated on both sides), guaranteed grinding of the raw material occurs. Particles of secondary raw materials of animal origin, as a result of the rotation of dielectric wheels and the air flow created by a rapidly rotating working body, are involved in a rotational movement, which leads to their fine grinding. At the initial stage, wet meat raw materials entering the non-ferromagnetic biconical resonator are heated under the influence of microwave emfs due to polarization currents. Next, the raw material, moving in the volume of the non-ferromagnetic biconical resonator 4, repeatedly hits the cutting working elements of tiered dielectric wheels 6, is finely crushed, cooked and disinfected. The raw material is evenly distributed between the dielectric sheets 11, jagged on both sides, and moves along the non-ferromagnetic biconical resonator 4. In the lower truncated cone, the raw material begins to compact due to the conicity and the electric field strength increases, which reduces the bacterial contamination of the product. The finished product is unloaded through an opening on the lower small base of the non-ferromagnetic biconical resonator 4, using a non-ferromagnetic electric-driven screw screw 8. The rotation speed of the non-ferromagnetic electric-driven screw screw 8 for unloading must be coordinated with the duration of exposure to EMF microwave at a certain dose of exposure, taking into account the specific power of the generator (ratio of generator power by the mass of raw materials in the resonator). It is also necessary to balance the rapidly rotating working body, otherwise the grinding efficiency will be reduced.

After completing the technological process of heat treatment of crushed secondary raw materials of animal origin, turn off the electric drive of the non-ferromagnetic screw screw 2, then turn off the air-cooled magnetrons 7. After unloading all the products from the non-ferromagnetic biconical resonator 4, stop the reversible electric motor (dielectric shaft 3 is shown) of the grinding mechanism 6 (dielectric wheels) and the electric motor of the screw auger 8. Next, carry out sanitary treatment.

The advantages of this installation are its versatility and radio-tightness. With its help, you can grind and heat treat almost all types of raw meat in a continuous mode. The installation has small dimensions (1.3 x 0.4 m), productivity 40-50 kg/h with a generator power of 6 kW, specific energy costs 0.18-0.2 kWh/kg, depending on the type of secondary raw materials and the required consistency of boiled protein feed. The use of a reversible drive of the working body (tiered wheels) will increase the service life; the teeth on the dielectric blades 11 and non-ferromagnetic blade combs 5 wear out evenly. Moreover, the dielectric wheels 6 can be turned over if the teeth on one side of the dielectric blades 11 are worn out.

The installation can withstand various temperature conditions, since the dielectric elements are made of thick fluoroplastic and have optimal mechanical and strength characteristics. Non-ferromagnetic screw screws 2 and 8 limit radiation to an acceptable level of 10 μW/cm ² through the small bases of the non-ferromagnetic biconical resonator 4 with uniform loading of raw materials and unloading of the finished product.

Non-ferromagnetic biconical resonators, compared to a cylindrical resonator, eliminate the degeneration of parasitic types of oscillations, which makes it possible to achieve high values of their own quality factor. By appropriately choosing the angle at the apex of the cone, an electromagnetic field can be formed, concentrated mainly in the central region of the resonator [5]. In the conical part of the resonator, the electric field strength is high (0.6-1.5 kV/cm), sufficient to sterilize the product. The biconical resonator ensures electromagnetic safety without an additional shielding housing, since the conical parts are cut off at the critical section level [6].

The duration of reaching the required temperatures in the mass of raw materials is determined by the characteristics of the process: the electric field strength, the specific power of the generator, the ratio of volume, surface area (characterizes the intrinsic quality factor of the resonator) and the determining size of the particles of the raw material and its electrical properties (dielectric loss factor, heat capacity, wave penetration depth) .

It is known that the raw material will be evenly heated if the thickness is less than twice the wave penetration depth. For example, for raw materials with a low water content at a frequency of 2450 MHz (fat, bones), the penetration depth is 9-11.2 cm, and with a high water content - 1.2-1.7 cm [7].

Therefore, the resonator provides for grinding of raw materials due to multiple impacts, while the innovative idea is that due to the comb-shaped inner surface of the non-ferromagnetic biconical resonator, the electric field is concentrated on each tier of wheels where the vortex of the raw materials occurs. Moreover, the electric field strength in the conical part of the resonator increases, which means the heating rate of the raw material increases. The pitch of non-ferromagnetic knife combs 5 is chosen to be less than two wave penetration depths for raw materials with an average water content, namely within 5-7 cm, i.e. on average half a wavelength.

Information sources:

1. Ivashov V.I. Technological equipment for meat industry enterprises. Part 1. Equipment for slaughter and primary processing. M.: Kolos, 2001. - 552 p. (330 pages)

2. Technological equipment for food production / ed. Azarova B.M.. M.: VO Agropromizdat, 1988. - 463 pp. (p. 260).

3. Patent No. 2729151 of the Russian Federation, IPC A23K10/26. Ultra-high-frequency installation with a biconical resonator and auger for cooking animal slaughter waste / Zhdankin G.V., Belova M.V., Mikhailova O.V., Lavrentieva T.N.; applicant and patent holder NGSHA (RU). - No. 2018112186; application 5.02. 2018. Bull. No. 22 dated 08/04/2020. - 13 s.

4. Baskakov S.I. Electrodynamics and wave propagation. M.: URSS/ 2012/ 416 p. (page 98).

5. Volumetric resonators, waveguides, horns and slow-wave systems. Microwave radio engineering. https://yandex.ru/video/preview/17723998535324180331. Electronic resource. Date of access: 05/09/2023.

6. Drobakhin, O.O. Resonant properties of axially symmetric microwave resonators with conical elements / O.O. Drobakhin, P.I. Zabolotny, E.N. Privalov // Radiophysics and radio astronomy, 2009, T.1, No. 4, - P. 433-441.

Electrophysical, optical and acoustic characteristics of food products / I.A. Rogov.- M.: Light and food industry, 1981, 288 pp. (pp. 106-107).

Claims (5)

Installation with microwave energy supply into a biconical resonator for grinding and heat treatment of secondary raw materials of animal origin, containing a vertically located non-ferromagnetic biconical resonator in the form of truncated cones with a common base of circular cross-section and an internal surface made in the form of non-ferromagnetic knife combs, a height of less than a quarter wavelength and a pitch of half a wavelength, in the grooves of which abrasive rims of dielectric wheels with dielectric blades serrated with two sides, and hubs, wherein the dielectric wheels, with the help of dielectric fingers, are mounted in tiers on a dielectric electric drive shaft, coaxially located in a non-ferromagnetic biconical resonator, on the small bases of which there are non-ferromagnetic loading and receiving containers with electric non-ferromagnetic screw screws, in this case, the holes for the dielectric fingers along the height of the dielectric electric drive shaft are shifted so that the dielectric sheets in the tiered dielectric wheels do not overlap each other, Moreover, the waveguides with magnetrons are located along the perimeter of the surface of the biconical resonator, with a shift of 120 degrees, at equal intervals in height.