RU2694179C2 - Multi-module centrifugal ultrahigh-frequency plant for heat treatment of raw material of animal origin and separation of liquid fraction - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fodders.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to fodder production, in particular, to multi-module centrifugal super-high-frequency installation for heat treatment of raw material of animal origin and separation of liquid fraction. Installation is characterized by that a cylindrical shielding housing, on the cover of which along the perimeter there are superhigh-frequency generator units located in the corresponding working chambers, made in the form of upper and lower parts. Upper part of chamber from non-ferromagnetic material is truncated conical bodies coaxially joined by perimeters of large and small diameters, where conical part of resonator is connected to generatrix of internal truncated body, made in form of grater with internal notch, and a grinding mechanism is installed on the grinder, located on the cover of the shielding housing. In the lower part of the working chamber there is a conical tray, inside which on the electric motor shaft there is a dielectric conical plate having on the generatrix the slots, and to the annular base of the non-ferromagnetic tray located at an inclination, a drain branch pipe is docked. In the centre of tray there is a support in the form of truncated cylinder, where horizontally installed dielectric plate with stiffeners. Disk plate is fixed with the help of clamping screw as base of conical resonator, and shafts of individual electric motors, fixed on mounting frame, pass through lower base of cylindrical screening housing. Drain branch pipes from all working chambers are directed to the centre of screening housing, where there is a reservoir for receiving of liquid fraction. Containers for solid fraction are docked to generatrix of cylindrical housing on outer side in those places where there are cuts on top edges of trays.

EFFECT: use of invention will allow to separate raw material into liquid and solid fractions.

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Description

The present invention relates to the technical means for processing raw materials of animal origin, in particular, can be used in the production of animal feed from waste products from poultry and livestock, as well as for defatting crushed bones, to extract fat from soft or hard fat-containing tissue. Carcasses of sick fallen birds and animals, marriage of sausage and canning shops, non-edible fat-containing raw materials, incubation waste, etc. can also serve as raw materials.

It is known that shops for processing livestock and poultry products constantly face the problem of processing non-food wastes. This is vividly manifested in small farms, where the number of livestock heads is not very high, but a thought-out approach to waste processing and efficient use of products as protein feed is required. Non-food waste is a mixture of solid particles, liquid and fat. The solution to the problem of processing animal slaughter waste is to separate solid particles before their elements that pollute the environment enter into a chemical reaction (dissolve) in a liquid, that is, to separate and disinfect.

The technology of processing of such raw materials involves washing, grinding, boiling, sterilization, separation of the liquid phase from the total mass. To perform these operations use separate machines. The processing of the specified raw materials energy-intensive. For heat treatment of such raw materials, a convective or conductive method of applying heat is used. During heat treatment, boilers and apparatus of various designs are used [1, p. 323 ... 333]. The quality of the finished product depends on the maximum temperature and the duration of its impact. When processing the specified raw materials, an increase in the temperature of the medium above 120 ... 130 ° C is undesirable, since this leads to a deterioration in the quality of the final product. The consumption of hot water for cooking non-food waste with a capacity of 125 ... 300 kg / h is 0.6 ... 0.7 m ³ / h. Therefore, the combination of cooking, sterilization and separation of the liquid fraction in a single device is an urgent task.

Known grease separators intended for processing waste from slaughterhouses, with a degree of fat extraction up to 75 ... 80%, where heating is carried out with live steam to a temperature of 125 for 2.5 ... 3 hours with continuous removal of fat. When this happens, the cooking and sterilization of the product occurs.

Known tops-varilniki, ruchers-melters, grinders-melters. They have a different design and they combine the processes of grinding and heat treatment of raw materials [1]. The disadvantages of such devices include the long duration of the contact of raw materials with high-temperature coolant, which reduces the quality of fat and squash.

An analogue of the working chamber is the Neptune juicer consisting of a conical trowel, a disk trowel, a slotted sieve plate, a pallet and an electric drive. The device separates the raw materials into liquid and solid fractions.

We propose to combine the processes of grinding, cooking, sterilization, separation of the liquid phase from the total mass in a plant developed on the basis of a juice extractor using an ultra-high-frequency energy source. High intensity of heat exchange in the developed facility is achieved by combining the processes of grinding raw materials in a centrifugal field and endogenous heating.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a multi-module centrifugal microwave installation for heat treatment of raw materials of animal origin and separation of the liquid fraction contains a cylindrical shielding housing, inside which, on the periphery, there are working chambers, each of which consists of upper and lower parts,

the upper part of the chamber of non-ferromagnetic material is represented as coaxially joined by the perimeters of large and small diameters truncated conical shells, with the truncated conical part of the resonator in the form of a trowel with an internal notch attached to the generator and the chopping mechanism from the top located on the lid of the shielding housing, and in the lower part of the working chamber, the plate and the pallet are aligned, in the form of truncated cones and mounted x on the motor shaft,

the generator of the dielectric plate has slots, and the drain pipe is docked to the annular base of the non-ferromagnetic pallet located at an inclination, and in the center there is a stand in the form of a truncated cylinder, where a dielectric plate with ribs is installed horizontally,

at the same time, the disk grater is laid and fixed in the plate with the help of a clamping screw, as the base of a conical resonator,

at the same time through the lower base of the cylindrical shielding housing are the shafts of individual electric motors attached to the mounting frame,

moreover, the drain pipes from all working chambers are directed to the center of the shielding housing where the tank for receiving the liquid fraction is located, and the tanks for the solid fraction are docked to the generator of the cylindrical housing from the outside where there are cutouts on the upper edges of the pallets.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a multi-modular centrifugal microwave installation for the heat treatment of raw materials and the separation of the liquid fraction (top view): 1 - a cylindrical shielding housing; 2 - working chambers; 3 - microwave generator units; 4 - drain pipes; 5 - capacity for the liquid fraction; 6 - shredders "Volchek"; 7 - tanks for solid fraction.

FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a multi-modular centrifugal microwave installation for the heat treatment of raw materials and separation of the liquid fraction (side view): 1 - a cylindrical shielding housing; 2 - working chambers; 3 - microwave generator units; 4 - drain pipes; 7 - capacity for solid fraction; 8 - electric motors; 11 — conical parts of resonators; 12 - disk parts of the resonators.

FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of the working chamber: 3-UHF generator unit; 9 - the upper part of the working chamber; 10 - grinding mechanism (knife and grill, discharge screw); 11 - conical part of the resonator (truncated cone); 12 - disk part of the resonator; 13 - the lower part of the working chamber; 14 - conical plate of dielectric material; 15 - conical pallet of non-ferromagnetic material; 16 - hole for locking plates and disc, made in the form of a grater; 17 - hole for the motor shaft.

FIG. 4 shows a spatial image of the general view of the working chamber of the installation: 3 - microwave generator unit; 9 - the upper part of the working chamber; 10 - grinding mechanism (knife and grill, discharge screw); 13 - the lower part of the working chamber; 15 - conical pallet of non-ferromagnetic material.

FIG. 5 shows a spatial image of the working chamber of the installation (in section): 3 - microwave generator unit; 4 - drain pipe; 9 - the upper part of the working chamber; 10 - grinding mechanism (knife and grill, discharge screw); 11 - conical part of the resonator (truncated cone); 12 - disk part of the resonator; 13 - the lower part of the working chamber; 14 - conical plate of dielectric material; 15 - conical pallet of non-ferromagnetic material; 16 - hole for plate and disk lock; 17 - hole for the motor shaft.

FIG. 6 shows a spatial image of the upper part of the working chamber from a non-ferromagnetic material with a conical body in the center, where the conical part of the resonator is coaxially and densely mounted: 11 is the conical part of the resonator.

FIG. 7 shows a spatial image of a conical plate with cuts on the generator and stiffeners on the base, made of a dielectric material.

FIG. 8 shows a spatial image of the pallet, the annular plane of its base is inclined towards the drain nozzle: 4 - the drain nozzle.

FIG. 9 shows a spatial image of a disk grater (disk part of the resonator).

A multi-module centrifugal microwave installation for the heat treatment of raw materials of animal origin and separation of the liquid fraction contains: a cylindrical shielding housing 1, inside of which the working chambers 2 are located on the periphery (Fig. 1, 2, 3). On the cover of the shielding housing 1, microwave generator blocks 3 are located. Each working chamber 2 consists of two parts: - upper and lower. The lower part contains a drain pipe 4 of non-ferromagnetic material, performing the function of the waveguide. All drain pipes are connected to the tank 5 to collect the liquid fraction. To do this, the working chambers are installed around the periphery of the cylindrical shielding body so that the drain nozzles 4 are directed to the center where the container 5 is located. The pressure auger housing from the Volchek grinder 6 is laid through the cover of the shielding body 1 and the body of the upper part 9 of the working chamber 2 The grinding mechanism (lattice and knife) 10 is inserted into the lateral surface of the conical housing and the conical part of the resonator 11. On the side of the shielding housing 1 (outside) there are containers 7 for collecting the solid fraction. Each working chamber 2 has an individual electrically driven unit 8, mounted under the base of the shielding housing 1, and attached to the mounting frame (Fig. 2).

In the upper part of the working chamber 2 (Fig. 3, 4, 6) there is a conical part 11 of the resonator, made in the form of a trowel with an internal notch and fixed in a tight to conical case of non-ferromagnetic material using a special lock. Moreover, this conical body is directed coaxially into the lower part 13 of the working chamber 2. The lower part 13 of the working chamber 2 consists of a conical dielectric plate 14. (Fig. 7) and a conical pallet 15 of a non-ferromagnetic material (Fig. 8). The base of the conical pallet with a small diameter, made under the slope and containing the drain pipe 4 for draining the liquid fraction of the product, is mounted on the motor-drive unit 8. At the same time, the conical dielectric plate 14 with cuts on the generator and disk is rigidly fixed to the electric motor shaft part of the resonator in the form of a grater 12, located on the base of the plate 14. At the upper edge of the conical pallet 15 there is a cutout for unloading the solid fraction of the product.

The conical part of the resonator (truncated cone) 11, made in the form of a grater with an internal notch. The disk part of the resonator12 is also made in the form of a grater (Fig. 9). The dimensions of the conical resonator with notch consistent with the wavelength. The conical dielectric plate 14 and the disk part 12 of the resonator are mounted on the motor shaft using a clamping screw, which makes it easy to dismantle the assemblies. The disk part of the resonator 12 is made in the form of a float and has a hole 16 in the center. Forming a conical dielectric plate 14 is made with cuts (Fig.). On the basis of the plate (Fig. 7) in the center there is a hole 16 for the motor shaft. The conical pallet 14 in the center has a stand for a conical plate 14 and a hole 17 for the motor shaft. All these holes 16, 17 are aligned.

The technological process of heat treatment, disinfection and separation into fractions of non-food waste is as follows. Mount the pallet 15, the conical plate 14 with the disc grater 12 onto the motor shaft and fix it with a special clamping screw. The disk grater 12 must be pressed against the horizontal edges of the conical plate 14, forming a centrifuge. The conical grater 11 (the conical part of the resonator) is mounted inside the conical body of the upper part of the working chamber by means of latches. The upper part of the working chamber 9 is fixed on the pallet 15 by its rotation so that the projections on the pallet fit into the grooves on the upper part of the working chamber 9. Install containers for the solid fraction in places where there are cutouts on the upper edges of the conical pallets 15 (Fig. 4, 5 ). Drain nozzles 4 to send in the tank for the liquid fraction 5 (Fig. 1). Close the cover of the shielding case 1. Connect the unit to the network, turn on the electric motors of 8 centrifuges (drive of disk graters 12 with conical plates 14). Include electric motors of tops 6, which are fed to the resonator chamber (11, 12) crushed raw materials, where the centrifugation processes begin. Further, after turning on the microwave generators 3, the raw material is heated in an electromagnetic field. The conical resonator is made in the form of a grater. Due to the fact that the resonator is presented in the form of a conical grater (stationary part) and a disk grater (rotating part), the raw material is finely ground, endogenously heated, and the fat is heated. In the working chamber, the raw materials are separated into liquid and solid fractions due to the creation of an overpressure between the conical plate with slots 14 and the pressing region forming the pallet 15. The working chamber containing two graters, is arranged in such a way that allows you to process non-food waste of different consistency, after preliminary grinding with the help of “Top”. The slotted conical plate 14 serves as a centrifuge.

The working chamber of grinding, heat treatment and extraction of raw materials allows processing to be carried out for an unlimited time due to the effective removal of the solid phase, i.e. Periodic cleaning of the plate slots 14 is not required. Such a design of the working chamber provides increased efficiency of heat treatment and disinfection of raw materials, separation of raw materials into liquid and solid fractions. For the implementation of these technological processes it is necessary to destroy the protein structure of the raw material by grinding. The principle of operation is based on the grinding of raw materials in a centrifuge by squeezing and squeezing the crushed masses by centrifugal forces on the slots of the plate - a centrifuge. The type and condition of raw materials for processing can be quite diverse. The molten fat mass flows through the disk grater 12 into the drain pipe 4, then into the container for the liquid fraction 5.

The installation uses a reliable, asynchronous electric motor capable of withstanding a long continuous load.

The disk grater (Fig. 9), made of durable stainless steel, grinds the raw material into a slurry, then, falling into a centrifuge, the “slurry” releases the liquid fraction under the action of high revolutions. For the liquid and solid fractions two separate tanks are provided. Crushed cheese, centrifugal forces nestles on the plate with cuts. For example, finely ground fat-containing raw material for 15 ... 30 s heats up to 85 ... 95 ° C and melts, and squib gathers up and is taken out through the slits in the plate.

The speed of rotation of the disk grater and plate, the volume of the crushed raw materials in a conical resonator, the structure of the raw materials affect the performance of the installation. The installation ensures the continuity of the process with a wide range of properties of the feedstock. The process of heat treatment and disinfection of raw materials is automated and the temperature is controlled. The performance of the installation depends on the number and power of microwave generators, electrical parameters of raw materials. To obtain the desired degree of extraction of the solid fraction should be installed cone plate with slots with a certain size. The installation performance is affected by the size of the slits, the solids content in the raw materials, the heating temperature.

The final product is of high quality, since it is completely decontaminated. Due to the improvement of microbiological indicators, the shelf life of the product is increased. The unit operates in continuous mode, it is equipped with a control panel with a radiation power regulator, a timer, buttons for turning on and off generators, a disk drive and a “Top”, warning lights, etc.

Separated liquid fraction is sent to the drive for the allocation of technical fat, and the boiled solid fraction of non-food waste is sent for use as a feed protein supplement animals. The best option for loading into the chopper “Volchek” depends on the consistency of non-food slaughter of animals.

Fine grinding, cooking, sterilization and separation of the solid and liquid fractions take place in the working chamber. Moreover, the solid fraction is a porous, crumbly mass with low adhesion, it has excellent air movement, which removes an unpleasant smell, a dark brown color.

Sources of information: 1. Ivashov, V.I. Technological equipment of enterprises of the meat industry. Part 1. Equipment for slaughter and primary processing. - M .: Kolos, 2001. - 552 seconds (p. 332).

Claims (1)

Multi-module centrifugal microwave installation for heat treatment of raw materials of animal origin and separation of the liquid fraction, characterized by the fact that the cylindrical shielding housing, on the lid of which are located on the perimeter of the microwave generator units located in the respective working chambers made in the form of the upper and lower parts, and the upper part of the chamber from non-ferromagnetic material is coaxially joined by the perimeters of large and small diameters, truncated conically case, where the conical part of the resonator, made in the form of a grater with an internal notch, is attached to the generator of the inner truncated case, and the grinding mechanism is installed from the top located on the cover of the shielding case, in the lower part of the working chamber there is a conical bottom, inside which is mounted on the motor shaft a dielectric conical plate located on the forming slot, and a drain nipple docked to the annular base of the non-ferromagnetic pallet located at an inclination About the center of the pallet there is a stand in the form of a truncated cylinder, where a dielectric plate with stiffening ribs is horizontally mounted, while the disk grater is fixed in the plate with the help of a clamping screw, as the base of the conical resonator, and the shafts of individual electric motors mounted on the bottom of the cylindrical shielding housing mounting frame, drain pipes from all working chambers are directed to the center of the shielding housing, where the container for receiving the liquid fraction is located, and the container for the solid fraction, they are docked to the generator of the cylindrical body from the outside in those places where there are cutouts at the upper edges of the pallets.

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