RU2787383C1 - Modular continuous-flow microwave unit for heat treatment of raw materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agro-industrial complex.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the agro-industrial complex and can be used for heat treatment and disinfection of biological raw materials of animal origin of different structure in the processing shops of farms. Modular continuous-flow microwave unit for heat treatment and disinfection of raw materials of animal origin contains air-cooled magnetrons, cavity resonators, and transport mechanisms. The cavity resonators have removable housings in the form of three modules located at an angle to the horizontal plane and forming a block with their stationary non-ferromagnetic bases touching each other, on which waveguides with air-cooled magnetrons are installed with a shift of 120 degrees. A cooling fan and electric drives of module nodes are located inside the removable module cases. The first module of the installation is designed for heat treatment of secondary biological raw materials of animal origin, including frozen blocks of meat waste. The second module of the installation is designed for heat treatment of frozen biological raw materials with a phase transition, which is coagulated at a temperature above 40°C. The third module of the installation is designed for heat treatment of secondary viscous raw materials, which provides a combination of the processes of dehydration and grinding of meat raw materials, fine grinding and heat treatment of the solid fraction for use in the form of a protein supplement for animals.

EFFECT: use of the invention will allow high-quality heat treatment and disinfection of biological raw materials of animal origin.

1 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the agro-industrial complex and can be used for heat treatment and disinfection of biological raw materials of different structures of animal origin in the processing shops of farms.

The first module is designed for heat treatment of secondary biological raw materials of animal origin, including frozen blocks of meat waste. The module allows to obtain boiled and disinfected products from non-edible meat waste used as a protein supplement for animals.

The second module is designed for heat treatment of frozen biological raw materials with a phase change, which are coagulated at temperatures above 40°C, such as frozen blood, frozen bovine colostrum, etc. Thawed and heated colostrum can be used for feeding calves as a product of high nutritional value, and thawed blood of slaughter animals can be used in the production of meat products.

The third module is designed for heat treatment of secondary viscous raw materials, which combines the processes of dehydration of minced meat raw materials, fine grinding and heat treatment of the solid fraction for use in the form of a protein supplement for animals.

In a microwave installation, the modules can work simultaneously or separately, depending on the need and on the available raw materials. All modules are removable and easily sanitized after heat treatment, and the source block is closed and subject to only technical inspection.

Analogues for each resonator are given below.

1. An analogue of the first module is a microwave unit with a quasi-stationary resonator for heat treatment of crushed fat-containing raw materials in a continuous mode [1]. The installation contains a torus and a capacitor part. A non-ferromagnetic receiving capacitance in the form of a truncated cone is installed in the central part of the resonator. Magnetrons are installed on the outer side surface of the torus.

The disadvantages are the difficulty of sanitizing all units of the installation and the danger of detergent getting through the ventilation housing on the magnetrons.

2. An analogue of the second module is a microwave unit for defrosting and heating bovine colostrum with coaxially located resonators [2]. In the horizontal axis of the spherical resonator there is a cylindrical perforated resonator rotating from the electric motor.

The disadvantages are similar to the disadvantages of the first analogue, as well as the structural complexity of the nodes that ensure the rotation of a cylindrical perforated resonator; the difficulty of ensuring a uniform distribution of the electromagnetic field in the spherical resonator when the perforated resonator rotates in it.

3. An analog of the third module is a microwave unit with a conical resonator for heat treatment of non-food waste of animal origin [3]. The disadvantages are similar to the disadvantages of the first analogue.

The aim of the work is to develop a microwave unit with removable continuous-flow modules for heat treatment and sterilization of biological raw materials of animal origin of various structures with resonators that provide electromagnetic safety without a shielding case and high electric field strength at reduced operating costs while maintaining the feed value of the product.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a modular continuous-flow microwave installation for heat treatment of raw materials of animal origin contains cavity resonators having removable housings in the form of three modules located at an angle to the horizontal plane and forming a block with their stationary non-ferromagnetic bases in contact with each other (2, 20, 32), on which waveguides with air-cooled magnetrons are installed with a shift of 120 degrees, and a cooling fan and electric drives 1, 13 of module nodes are located inside the detachable modules that are in contact with the stationary bases,

the first module of the plant is intended for heat treatment of secondary biological raw materials of animal origin, including frozen blocks of meat waste, and is made in the form of a non-ferromagnetic toroidal resonator, to the stationary base of which a removable housing is attached, consisting of a toroidal part 7 and a capacitor part 6, in the gap of the capacitor part is placed a dielectric sieve cylinder 5, the diameter of which is smaller than the diameter of the stationary base of the resonator 2, while a dielectric spiral mixer 13 is installed inside the sieve cylinder, and a screw grinder 10 with a grate and a knife is installed in the central cavity of the resonator in its condenser part, in the receiving tank of which a shredder 9 is placed , in addition, a non-ferromagnetic branch pipe with a ball valve 12 is attached to the toroidal part of the resonator, while a dielectric disk 11 with an electric drive is installed above the non-ferromagnetic branch pipe,

the second module of the installation is designed for heat treatment of frozen biological raw materials with a phase transition, which coagulates at a temperature above 40°C and is made in the form of two cylindrical resonators, outer and inner, having different diameters, placed one inside the other with their bases 20, 21 in contact and having an electric vibrator 17 and a receiving container 14 with a shutter, while a roller grinder 15 is installed inside the receiving container, a stationary base 21 of the inner resonator 18 is closely installed on the stationary base 20 of the outer resonator 16, as well as magnetrons with waveguides, and the lower part of the side surface of the inner resonator is perforated, and a branch pipe with a ball valve 19 is attached to the side surface of the outer resonator,

the third module of the installation is designed for heat treatment of secondary viscous raw materials, which ensures the combination of the processes of dehydration and grinding of meat raw materials, fine grinding and heat treatment of the solid fraction for use as a protein supplement by animals, and is made in the form of a truncated conical non-ferromagnetic resonator 23, inside which a truncated sieve dielectric a cone 26 without a base and a dielectric truncated rotor 24, and the dielectric rotor 24 is provided with a dielectric pipe 22 passing through the side surfaces of the resonator 23 and the sieve dielectric truncated cone 26, in addition, a dielectric truncated cone 27 is attached to the truncated part of the sieve cone 26, inside which dielectric screw 29, the turns of which are directed to the outlet pipe 30, located coaxially in the non-ferromagnetic pipe 31 attached to the truncated resonator.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings:

fig. 1 - schematic representation of a block of sources from three round stationary bases in contact with magnetrons, fan electric drives (top view);

fig. 2 is a schematic representation of the first module, made in the form of a non-ferromagnetic toroidal resonator with the supply of raw materials crushed with the help of a shredder and screw into its condenser part;

fig. 3 - spatial image of the first module, made in the form of a non-ferromagnetic toroidal resonator with a stationary base (with cutouts);

fig. 4 is a schematic representation of the second module, made in the form

two non-ferromagnetic cylindrical resonators located not coaxially, but by contact of the side surfaces;

fig. 5 - spatial image of the second module, made in the form

two non-ferromagnetic cylindrical resonators together with stationary bases;

fig. 6 is a schematic representation of the third module, made in the form of a non-ferromagnetic truncated conical resonator with a stationary base;

fig. 7 - spatial image of the third module, made in the form of a non-ferromagnetic truncated conical resonator with a stationary base.

Modular continuous-flow microwave installation for heat treatment of raw materials (Fig. 1-7) contains:

- a block of sources from adjoining round stationary bases with magnetrons and a fan 1 for their cooling, and electric drives;

- the first module with a toroidal resonator, including:

stationary base of the toroidal resonator 2 (shown in Fig. 1);

toroidal resonator 3;

magnetrons with waveguides 4;

sieve dielectric cylinder 5;

the condenser part of the resonator 6;

the toroidal part of the resonator 7;

receiving container 8;

shredder (grinding mechanism) 9;

chopper "Volchok" (knife, grate, auger) 10;

dielectric disc with electric drive 11;

unloading pipe with ball valve 12;

spiral dielectric mixer 13;

- the second module with coaxially arranged cylindrical resonators, including:

receiving container 14;

electric roller grinder 15;

outer cylindrical resonator 16;

electric vibrator 17;

internal cylindrical resonator 18;

branch pipe with a ball valve 19;

the stationary base of the outer cylindrical resonator 20 with magnetrons (shown in Fig. 1);

stationary base of the internal cylindrical resonator 21 with magnetrons;

- the third module with a conical resonator, including:

a dielectric pipe for pumping a viscous liquid 22 with a pump;

truncated conical non-ferromagnetic resonator 23;

a dielectric rotor in the form of a truncated cone 24 covered with fine-grained abrasive material, with an electric drive 25;

sieve dielectric truncated cone without bases 26;

truncated dielectric cone 27;

channel 28 for draining the liquid separated from the raw material;

dielectric screw 29 for transporting boiled solid fraction of raw materials;

screw body 30 with electric drive;

non-ferromagnetic pipe 31 for draining the liquid fraction;

stationary base 32 of a truncated conical resonator 23 (shown in Fig.1).

Modular microwave installation (Fig. 1-7) of continuous-flow action for heat treatment of raw materials contains:

modules (Fig. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) located at an angle to the horizontal plane and a block with stationary non-ferromagnetic bases 2, 20, 32 of these modules in contact with each other (Fig. 1), on which, with a shift by 120 degrees waveguides with air-cooled magnetrons are installed.

In the block of sources, inside the contacting stationary bases 2, 20, 32, containing the fixing elements of the removable resonator housings 3, 16, 18, there is a cooling fan 1 and electric drives 1, 13 of the module nodes.

The first module (Fig. 2, 3) is made in the form of a non-ferromagnetic toroidal resonator 3, a removable housing is attached to its stationary base, consisting of a toroidal part 7 and a capacitor part 6. A dielectric sieve cylinder 5 is placed in the gap of the capacitor part of the resonator close to the plates, inside which a dielectric spiral mixer 13 is installed. The diameter of the sieve cylinder is less than the diameter of the stationary base of the resonator 2. A grate with a screw grinder knife 10 is installed in the small-diameter capacitor plate, located in the central cavity of the toroidal resonator 3. A shredder 9 is placed in the receiving tank of the grinder. To the toroidal part 7 resonator docked non-ferromagnetic pipe with a ball valve 12. Above this pipe is a dielectric disk 11 with an electric drive.

The second module (Fig. 4, 5) is made in the form of two cylindrical resonators of different diameters, placed one inside the other with their bases 20, 21 in contact and forming where the electric vibrator 17 and the receiving container 14 with a damper are installed. Inside the container there is a grinder 15 in the form of ribbed rollers. On the stationary base 20 of the outer resonator 16, a stationary base 21 of the inner resonator 18 is closely installed, where magnetrons with waveguides are placed. The bases have elements for fixing a removable body. The lower part of the side surface of the inner cylindrical resonator 21 is perforated, and a branch pipe with a ball valve 19 is attached to the side surface of the outer cylinder.

The third module (Fig. 6, 7) is made as coaxially located inside a truncated conical non-ferromagnetic resonator 23, a sieve dielectric truncated cone 26 without bases and a dielectric truncated rotor 24. cone 26. Behind the resonator, this branch pipe is connected to a non-ferromagnetic branch pipe, which performs the function of a transcendental waveguide. A dielectric truncated cone 27 is attached to the truncated part of the sieve cone 26, inside which a dielectric screw 29 is coaxially placed, the turns of which are directed to the outlet pipe 30 located coaxially in the non-ferromagnetic pipe 31, docked with the truncated part of the resonator.

Each module is designed for a specific technological process.

The technological process in the first module (Fig. 2), intended for heat treatment of secondary biological raw materials of animal origin, occurs as follows. Turn on the electric drives of the dielectric mixer 13, the grinder "Volchok" 10, the shredder 9 and the fan 1 located in the source block. Load non-food waste of animal origin into the receiving container 8 (they may be frozen, there may be bones, etc.) and open the damper. The raw material is crushed using a shredder 9, then it is pumped and finely crushed using a grinder "Volchek" 10, it enters the sieve dielectric cylinder 5 through the grate, after which it is necessary to turn on the generators 4 located on the stationary base 2 of the first module at a certain power. The magnetron emitters are directed to the capacitor part of the resonator. A traveling wave (wavelength 12.24 cm, frequency 2450 MHz) is excited in toroidal resonator 3. The raw material is heated due to polarization currents, boiled in the process of mixing with the help of a dielectric spiral mixer 13. The loose boiled product wakes up through a sieve dielectric cylinder, and when the ball valve 12 is opened in the branch pipe (which is a transcendental waveguide), it is unloaded from the toroidal part 7 of the resonator. At the end of the process, turn off all sources in reverse order. Separate the removable module (toroidal resonator with a mixer without an electric motor) from base 2 and sanitize all components and components.

The technological process in the second module (Fig. 4), intended for heat treatment of frozen biological raw materials of animal origin with a phase transition, which are coagulated at temperatures above 40°C (frozen blood, frozen cow colostrum, etc.) is as follows. Close the ball valve 19, turn on the electric vibrator 17 and the electric drive of the roller grinder with a ribbed surface. Load the frozen product into the receiving container 14, open the damper. After the raw material crushed with the help of the grinder 15 enters the internal cylindrical resonator 18, turn on the generators on the stationary base 21. The emitters from the magnetrons are directed to the cylindrical resonators 16, 18. The frozen raw material is defrosted by the action of an electromagnetic field of microwave frequency. During the phase transition, liquid colostrum flows through the lower part of the side surface of the inner cylindrical resonator 18 into the outer cylindrical resonator 16, after which the generators located on the stationary base 20 of the second module are turned on at a certain power. In both cylindrical resonators, an electromagnetic field of microwave frequency of different doses is excited. This technology of dielectric heating of raw materials in different resonators in the frozen and liquid state, i.e. during the phase transition is due to the fact that the nature of the change in the dielectric loss factor of the raw material is opposite, i.e. in the range of negative temperatures during the defrosting process, it increases, and in the range of positive temperatures, during the heating process, it decreases.

The module that implements these processes in different resonators provides a reduction in the duration of defrosting and heating of colostrum while maintaining the required physical, chemical and biological properties of raw materials, while reducing energy costs.

The technological process in the third module (Fig. 6), intended for heat treatment of secondary viscous raw materials of animal origin, which provides a combination of the processes of dehydration of minced meat raw materials, fine grinding and heat treatment of the solid fraction for use in the form of a protein supplement by animals, occurs as follows. Turn on the electric drive 25 of the dielectric rotor 24, the electric drive of the dielectric screw 29, the electric drive of the viscous liquid pump 22. After that, the viscous secondary raw material enters the truncated conical resonator through the docked pipes (non-ferromagnetic resonator and dielectric resonator). Turn on the generators that are located in the block of sources on a stationary base 32, the emitters of which are directed into the resonator 23. The dielectric rotor 24, covered with fine-grained abrasive material, finely grinds the raw material during rotation, due to centrifugal force, the liquid fraction seeps through the sieve dielectric truncated cone 26, the raw material is dehydrated, the solid fraction is boiled and transported outside the resonator with the help of a dielectric screw 29, 30. The screw is located in the non-ferromagnetic pipe 31, which acts as a transcendental waveguide. In addition, due to the critical section in the conical resonator [4], beyond which the waves do not propagate, but are reflected in the opposite direction, forming a standing wave, radiation does not occur.

Sources of information:

1. RF patent No. 2726565. Microwave unit with a quasi-stationary toroidal resonator for melting disinfected fat from crushed fat-containing raw materials in a continuous mode. No. 2019122928; dec. 07/16/2019; publ. 07/14/2020. Bull. No. 20. Tikhonov A.A., Kazakov A.V., Prosviryakova M.V., Novikova G.V.

2. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2734593. Microwave unit for defrosting and heating cow colostrum with coaxially located resonators. No. 2020104252;

dec. 01/30/2020; publ. 20.10.2020. Bull. No. 29. Novikova G.V., Belova M.V., Mikhailova O.V., Tarakanov D.V., Sorokin I.A., Tikhonov A.A., Kazakov A.V.

3. Patent No. 2710154 RF. Microwave installation with a conical resonator for dehydration and heat treatment of meat waste, applicant and patent holder NGSHA (RU). - No. 2019118371; dec. 06/13/2019. Bull. No. 36 dated 12/24/2019. Tikhonov A.A., Kazakov A.V., Novikova G.V., Gorbunov B.I.

Drobakhin, O.O. Resonant properties of axially symmetric microwave resonators with conical elements / O.O. Drobakhin, P.I. Zabolotny, E.N. Privalov // Radiophysics and Radio Astronomy, 2009, Vol. 1, No. 4, - P. 433-441.

Claims (1)

Modular continuous-flow microwave unit for heat treatment and disinfection of raw materials of animal origin, containing air-cooled magnetrons, cavity resonators, transport mechanisms, characterized in that the cavity resonators have removable housings in the form of three modules located at an angle to the horizontal plane and forming a block with with their stationary non-ferromagnetic bases in contact with each other, on which waveguides with air-cooling magnetrons are installed with a shift of 120 degrees, and inside the detachable modules in contact with the stationary bases there is a cooling fan and electric drives of the module nodes, while the first module of the installation is designed for heat treatment of secondary animal biological raw materials origin, including frozen blocks of meat waste, and is made in the form of a non-ferromagnetic toroidal resonator, to the stationary base of which a removable housing is attached, consisting of the oroidal part and the capacitor part, in the gap of the capacitor part there is a dielectric sieve cylinder, the diameter of which is less than the diameter of the stationary base of the resonator, while a dielectric spiral mixer is installed inside the sieve cylinder, and a screw grinder with a grate and a knife is installed in the central cavity of the resonator in its capacitor part, in the receiving tank of which a shredder is located, in addition, a non-ferromagnetic branch pipe with a ball valve is attached to the toroidal part of the resonator, while a dielectric disk with an electric drive is installed above the non-ferromagnetic branch pipe, the second module of the installation is designed for heat treatment of frozen biological raw materials with a phase transition, which is coagulated at a temperature above 40°C, and is made in the form of two cylindrical resonators, outer and inner, having different diameters, placed one inside the other with their bases in contact and having an electric vibrator and a receiving container with a damper, while m, a roller grinder is installed inside the receiving tank, a stationary base of the internal resonator, as well as magnetrons with waveguides, are closely installed on the stationary base of the outer resonator, and the lower part of the side surface of the inner resonator is perforated, and a branch pipe with a ball valve is attached to the side surface of the outer resonator, the third installation module is intended for heat treatment of secondary viscous raw materials, which ensures the combination of the processes of dehydration and grinding of meat raw materials, fine grinding and heat treatment of the solid fraction for use as a protein supplement by animals, and is made in the form of a truncated conical non-ferromagnetic resonator, inside which a sieve dielectric truncated cone without a base and dielectric truncated rotor, and the dielectric rotor is equipped with a dielectric nozzle passing through the side surfaces of the resonator and the sieve dielectric truncated cone, in addition to o, a dielectric truncated cone is attached to the truncated part of the sieve cone, inside of which a dielectric screw is coaxially placed, the turns of which are directed to the outlet pipe located coaxially in the non-ferromagnetic pipe attached to the truncated resonator.

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