RU2641705C1 - Microwave plant for disinfecting loose raw materials in continuous mode - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: plant for disinfecting loose raw materials in the continuous mode comprises a cylindrical shielding housing, inside which a dielectric sieve cylinder and rotors arranged in tiers are installed coaxially. The rotors are made in the form of perforated toroidal resonators, the central parts of which are represented by non-ferromagnetic annular discs arranged in parallel, fastened with dielectric pins. Non-ferromagnetic blades with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the radial torus section are fixed along the circumference of the annular discs and in an amount equal to the number of microwave generators installed on the side surface of the shielding housing at tori locations. The emitters from the generators are directed into the perforated tori through openings covered with dielectric bushings. On the inner perimeter of a torus there is a slot with a size larger than the interdisc distance equal to a multiple of half the wavelength. The rotors on the center of the annular discs are rigidly fixed by means of a hollow shaft. A receiving pipe is directed inward the hollow shaft from the side of the upper base of the shielding housing. The hollow shaft is driven by an electric motor through a transmission mechanism. Discharge pipes are fixed to the bases of the sieve cylinder and the shielding housing, respectively.

EFFECT: improving the quality of loose raw material treatment.

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Description

The present invention relates to the field of the cereal, flour and feed industry, in particular to grain processing equipment, and in particular to plants designed for the disinfection of grain and its processed products (rice, pearl barley, buckwheat and other types of cereals) by the action of an ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic field.

It is known that two types of machines are used to clean the grain surface: scouring and brushing. Grain under the action of centrifugal forces of a rotating scouring rotor is thrown to the surface of the cylinder and is subjected to repeated impact, intense friction on the sieve surface and between grains. As a result, dust, particles of fruit shells are separated from grain [1]. Peeling products and grain are separated by air flow during subsequent processing. Disadvantages: high energy consumption, rapid wear of the working bodies.

An analog is an entolator, where the main working body is the rotor in the form of two horizontal disks, between which the bushings are located. This percussion machine is designed for disinfecting grain, for additional grinding of grains [1, p. 72, 149]. The disadvantage is that with repeated mechanical shock, incomplete destruction of barn pests occurs, and microbiological contamination is slightly reduced.

Known the microwave installation for disinfecting grain due to repeated mechanical impact and EMPSVCH specific action [2]. The main working element of the entolator is a rotor consisting of a disk on which cylindrical diffraction resonators are located on the periphery. The rotor is located in a shielding case with nozzles for receiving and unloading the product. Microwave generator blocks are installed on the upper base of the shielding housing. Resonators assembled from non-ferromagnetic bushings form a working chamber, presented in the form of a combined resonator-beam electrodynamic system. The disadvantages include low productivity and difficulties in ensuring continuous operation.

A prototype can be considered a microwave installation with toroidal resonators for heat treatment of grain during peeling (patent No. 2584029)[3]. The installation has a cylindrical shielding housing with nozzles for receiving raw materials and unloading the product. A hollow shaft and a dielectric perforated cylinder are coaxially located in the shielding housing. Toroidal resonators with a circular cross section are belted on the shaft. The torus is assembled from rims and connected by a hollow ring disk. Several radial holes were drilled on a vertical hollow shaft [3]. Disadvantages: it is difficult to coordinate a uniform feed of raw materials into the toroidal resonators located downstream with the speed of their rotation.

An object of the invention is the development of a microwave installation for the disinfection of grain and its processed products in a continuous mode due to thermomechanical effects.

The specified technical result is achieved as follows.

The microwave installation for continuous disinfection of bulk materials is characterized by the fact that a dielectric screen cylinder and tiered rotors are arranged coaxially inside the cylindrical shielding body, made in the form of perforated toroidal resonators, the central parts of which are parallel non-ferromagnetic ring disks fastened with dielectric pin pins and around the perimeter of the annular discs nephromagnet solid blades with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the radial cross section of the torus, in an amount equal to the number of microwave generators installed uniformly on the side surface of the shielding housing at the locations of the tori, while the emitters from the generators are directed into the tori through openings closed by dielectric bushings the perimeter of the torus has a slot larger than the interdisc distance equal to a multiple of half the wavelength, and the rotors in the center of the ring disks are rigidly fixed with with the help of hollow shafts, while inside the first hollow shaft mounted in the bearings mounted on the upper base of the shielding housing, the receiving pipe is directed, and the last hollow shaft in the bearing supports is driven by an electric motor through the transmission mechanism, while the discharge pipes are fixed respectively to sieve cylinder bases and shielding housing.

In FIG. 1 shows a spatial image of a microwave installation for heat treatment of bulk materials in a continuous mode (general view):

1 - shielding case; 2 - dielectric sieve cylinder; 3 - hollow shafts; 4 - perforated tori; 5 - parallel ring disks; 6 - blades in the form of segments; 7 - dielectric pins; 8 - a receiving branch pipe; 9 - microwave generators; 10 - pipe for unloading the product; 11– electric motor; 12 - pipe for unloading light impurities.

In FIG. 2 shows a spatial image of a microwave installation for heat treatment of bulk materials in a continuous mode (section):

1 - shielding case; 2 - dielectric sieve cylinder; 3 - hollow shafts; 4 - perforated tori; 5 - parallel ring disks; 6 - blades in the form of segments; 7 - dielectric pins; 8 - a receiving branch pipe; 9 - microwave generators; 10 - pipe for unloading the product; 11– electric motor; 12 - pipe for unloading light impurities.

In FIG. 3 shows a spatial image of a cylindrical shielding housing.

In FIG. 4 shows a tiered arrangement of rotors inside a dielectric sieve cylinder: 2 - a dielectric sieve cylinder; 3 - hollow shafts; 4 - perforated tori; 5 - parallel ring disks; 13 - dielectric bushings; 14 - holes in the torus for the direction of the emitter.

In FIG. 5 shows a tiered arrangement of rotors inside a dielectric sieve cylinder (section): 2 - dielectric sieve cylinder; 3 - hollow shafts; 4 - perforated tori; 5 - parallel ring disks; 6 - blades in the form of segments; 7 - dielectric pins.

In FIG. 6 shows a spatial image of a perforated torus: 4 - torus; 13 - dielectric sleeve; 14 - hole.

In FIG. 7 shows a spatial image of the rotor (the central part of the toroidal resonator): 3 - hollow shaft; 5 - parallel ring disks; 6 - blades in the form of segments; 7 - dielectric pins.

In FIG. 8 shows the receiving pipe.

Microwave installation for the disinfection of bulk materials in a continuous mode (Fig. 1) contains:

shielding housing 1;

dielectric sieve cylinder 2;

hollow shafts 3;

rotors, each of which consists of a perforated non-ferromagnetic torus 4, parallel arranged annular disks 5 of non-ferromagnetic material connected by two rows of dielectric pins 7 and blades 6 of non-ferromagnetic material in the form of a segment of a circular disk;

receiving pipe 8;

microwave generators 9;

discharge pipe 10;

electric motor 11.

Microwave installation for the disinfection of bulk materials in continuous mode consists of a vertically located shielding housing 1 (Fig. 1, 2, 3). Inside it, a dielectric sieve cylinder 2 is coaxially mounted. Inside the sieve cylinder 2, rotors in the form of perforated toroidal resonators 4, 5 of non-ferromagnetic material are tiered coaxially coaxially. Each toroidal resonator is made of two nodes: the toroidal part 4 (Fig. 4) and the central part 5. The central part (Fig. 5, 6) is made of parallel arranged annular disks 5 made of non-ferromagnetic material, fixed to each other by dielectric pins 7. Dielectric pins 7 are arranged concentrically in two rows along the perimeter of the annular disks 5. The lower rotor disk of the last tier of the toroidal resonator is made without holes. The diameter of the central holes of the annular disks is equal to the diameter of the hollow shafts. On the edges of the annular disks 5, non-ferromagnetic blades 6 in the form of segments are evenly fixed around their perimeter. These blades 6 are located inside the perforated torus in a radial section, therefore, the dimensions of the segment are consistent with the cross-sectional diameter of the torus 4.

Non-ferromagnetic blades are fixed along the perimeter of the annular disks.

Their diameter is smaller than the diameter of the radial cross section of the torus, and the number is equal to the number of microwave generators. The distance between the generators is consistent with the wavelength and angle of the incident rays in order to exclude disturbance of the operation of neighboring generators.

The rotors (central parts of the toroidal resonators) are rigidly fixed to each other by the hollow shaft 3. The hollow shaft 3 with one end is rigidly joined to the center of the upper annular disk 5, and the other end to the lower annular disk of the rotor located above the tier. In other words, the central parts 5 of the toroidal resonators are made in the form of rotors and are rigidly fixed to each other with a corresponding hollow shaft 3. The rotor consists of two flat horizontally arranged annular disks made of non-ferromagnetic material interconnected by dielectric pins 7.

Microwave generators are evenly mounted on the side surface of the shielding enclosure at the torus locations so that the emitters from the generators are directed into the tori through openings closed by dielectric bushings. Moreover, microwave generators in tiers are radially shifted, for better cooling.

Along the inner perimeter of the torus 4 there is a slot larger than the interdisc distance equal to a multiple of half the wavelength. Holes 14 (Fig. 4), closed by dielectric bushings 13, are uniformly drilled around the outer perimeter of the torus 4. The hollow shaft 3 from the last rotor is mounted on bearings and is connected to the shaft of the electric motor 11 through the transmission mechanism. The receiving pipe 8, made in the form of a funnel, is located above a hollow shaft 3 connected to the rotor of the first tier. This hollow shaft is mounted on bearings mounted on the upper base of the shielding housing 1. The discharge pipe 10 is connected to the base of the sieve cylinder 2. The pipe 12 for removing light waste is connected to the base of the shielding housing 1.

Microwave installation for the disinfection of bulk materials in a continuous mode works as follows.

Turn on the motor 11 to rotate the toroidal resonators 4, 5. Through the receiving pipe, made in the form of a funnel 8, the raw material is poured into the rotating hollow shaft 3, since the guide part of the funnel is inside the hollow shaft. Further, the raw material is scattered into the inter-disk space, where it is captured and accelerated by dielectric pins 7 and centrifugal forces are thrown into the toroidal part 3. A part of the raw material is poured through the lower ring disk and the subsequent hollow shaft into the inter-disk space of the next tier.

If there is raw material in the toroidal resonators, then turn on the microwave generators 9. Then, in the electromagnetic field of the microwave, the raw material is endogenously heated during movement in the torus using non-ferromagnetic segments 6.

In addition, segments 6 perform the function of a dissector, providing a uniform distribution of incident and reflected electromagnetic radiation fluxes in the torus, and also eliminate the disruption of the operation of neighboring magnetrons. For this, the distance between the microwave generators 9 installed around the perimeter of the torus 4, and their number is consistent with the wavelength and angle of the incident rays.

As a result of thermomechanical effects, living pests are destroyed, damaged grains with larvae are destroyed, larvae die. All light impurities are squeezed out through the perforation of the torus 3 and the sieve cylinder 2, accumulate in the lower part of the shielding housing 1, from where light impurities are removed through the pipe 12. Part of the grain or cereal that has passed through the perforation holes of the torus 4 is accumulated in the lower part of the sieve cylinder 2 and is removed through the discharge pipe 10. The diameter and configuration of the torus perforation holes are consistent with the physicomechanical parameters of the processed bulk material.

Under the action of centrifugal inertia and air flow, grain products move from the center to the periphery of the rotor. Due to repeated impacts on the bushings and the body, the grain products are further crushed, and the compressed lumps are destroyed. The crushed product is discharged through the exhaust pipe 10.

The main factors affecting the efficiency of processing grain products include: peripheral rotor speed; mass loading of raw materials into toroidal resonators; power and number of microwave generators, the distance between the perforated torus and the sieve cylinder, the diameter and configuration of the holes of the perforation of the torus 4 and the sieve cylinder 2.

The screen cylinder 2 of dielectric material is mounted coaxially inside the shielding housing 1 so that the annular space between them is minimal for collecting dust and other small light impurities.

Rotor drive from an electric motor through a V-belt drive. For this, the “common shaft", presented as uniting all the hollow shafts between the rotors, rotates in two bearing bearings mounted on the upper and lower bases of the shielding housing 1.

The discharge pipe 10 is equipped with a device for regulating the processing time of the product. Air is sucked in with the raw material through the hollow shaft, and in the process of raw material swirling, light impurities are blown through the perforation of the torus and the sieve cylinder, and then enters the annular chamber between the shielding housing and the sieve cylinder. The rotor speed is regulated depending on the type of processed raw materials.

Information sources

1. Butkovsky V.A. Technology of flour, cereal and animal feed production / V.A. Butkovsky, E.M. Melnikov. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1989.P. 67 ... 72.

2. Patent No. 2586160 of the Russian Federation, IPC A23N17 / 00. RF, IPC. Microwave installation for disinfecting grain and grain products / A.N. Korobkov, V.L. Osokin, A.A. Belov, M.V. Belova, O.V. Mikhailova, G.V. Novikov; Applicant and patent holder MADI (RU). - No. 2014147516/20 (076427); declared 12/09/2014. Bull. No. 16 - 12 p.

3. Patent No. 2584029 of the Russian Federation, IPC A23N17 / 00. Installation for disinfecting and peeling grain in an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency / A.A. Belov, M.V. Belova, Novikova G.V., Mikhailova O.V .; Applicant and patent holder of ANO VO ATU (RU). - No. 2015102653; declared 01/29/2015, publ. 05/20/2016. Bull. Number 14.

Claims (1)

Microwave installation for continuous disinfection of bulk materials, characterized in that it has a cylindrical shielding housing, inside of which are coaxially mounted a dielectric screen cylinder and belt-mounted rotors made in the form of perforated toroidal resonators, the central parts of which are parallel non-ferromagnetic ring disks mounted together dielectric pins located concentrically, and along the perimeter of the ring di non-ferromagnetic blades fixed with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the radial cross section of the torus, and in an amount equal to the number of microwave generators installed uniformly on the side surface of the shielding housing at the locations of the tori, while the emitters from the generators are directed into the tori through openings closed by dielectric bushings the inner perimeter of the torus has a slot larger than the interdisc distance equal to a multiple of half the wavelength, and the rotors in the center of the ring disks JCOMM secured via set in bearings and driven by a motor via a gear of the hollow shaft, in addition, inwardly of the hollow shaft from the side of the upper base of the shield frame directed suction inlet, and discharging hopper fixed respectively to the bases of the sieve cylinder and the shield frame.

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