RU2533925C1 - Method of development of blowdown cutting areas - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to forest harvesting industry and can be used in the methods of development of blowdown cutting areas. The method of development of blowdown cutting area using the system of harvester-forwarder machines includes the analysis of blockages of the tumbled down trees 14 by freeing from the root systems of the tumbled down and damaged trees, cleaning them from branchwood, and crosscutting into crops 20 using the harvester head 7 manipulators 6 of the harvester, further loading of ready crops 20 on the forwarder for their haulage to the loading point. First the harvester makes a single runway. The harvester installed using outriggers 13. the development is performed sequentially by sectors of the blowdown cutting area with the radius of sectors 100 m, ensured by the length of the rope 11 installed on the rotary frame 9 of the harvester of the winch 10. First the cutting area is developed by the harvester in the closest to the harvester zone of sector with the radius conforming to the maximum reach of the boom of the manipulator 6. Then another zone of the sector is cleaned from the tumbled down trees 14 by their pulling with the rope 11 of the winch 10 to the operating range of the manipulator 6 of the harvester. Freeing from the root system of the tumbled down trees, choking and their movement to the operating range of the manipulator 6 of the harvester for cleaning from branchwood, and crosscutting into crops is performed by supplied by a powersaw operator with mechanical saw.

EFFECT: invention allows to increase a degree of use of forest harvesting equipment and productivity of process of development of the cutting area at the expense of improvement of design of the multioperational machine - harvester, ensuring the increase of the service range, decrease of necessity in maneuvering at saving its stability.

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Description

The invention relates to the logging industry and can be used in methods of developing windbreaks.

Wind and windbreak areas of forests occupy large areas and cause great difficulties in their development. So, for example, in the Leningrad Region alone in 2010, 30,000 ha were exposed to clear logging, on which about 6 million m ^{3 of} wood grew. The task was that the cleaning of such areas should be carried out in a short period of 1-2 years, since such forests become a source of biological hazard for “raw” forests. In 2011-2012, about 20,000 hectares were equated to wind plots due to broken trees and cracked trees. The total volume of wood required for removal from these sites has increased to 10 million m ³ - this is a large volume of logging for the Leningrad Region and in such a short period of time.

Timber harvesting at logging sites subject to wind-cutting is currently practically the same as logging technology in ordinary “raw” areas. However, the performance of equipment in wind-cutting areas is reduced by 2-3 times due to difficulties associated with the analysis of debris from trees felled by the wind, the lack of preparatory dragging, the inaccessibility of sites (lack of access roads) and, what is very important, the lack of specialized highly mechanized equipment.

Existing harvesting equipment works well on conventional cutting sites, but is not suitable for removing log debris, for preparing and skidding broken wood. In addition, wind-cutting sites are located in remote areas with ravines, streams, swamps, which also impedes the operation of equipment: it takes a lot of time to spend maneuvering equipment. This reduces the productivity of forestry equipment by 2-3 times.

Recently, the following schemes for the development of cutting areas using the “harvester-forwarder” system of machines for harvesting assortments on thinning have been widely used: (Ariko S.E., (BSTU, Minsk, RB) sergeyariko@mail.ru. Technologies of development of cutting areas with application of system of machines in structure harvester and forvarder on cabins of leaving).

Felling of trees to be harvested, their removal from knots and logging into assortments is carried out by a feller-delimbing and logging machine (harvester), and the collection, loading and transportation of assortments to a loading point with their subsequent unloading and stacking is carried out by a loading and transport machine (forwarder).

The cutting area is divided into apiaries, the width of which is limited by the departure of the harvester hydraulic manipulator (up to 2 maximum departures), apiary ditches 3-4 m wide are laid in the middle of the apiaries. In order to exclude turns of cars at the ends of apiaries and damage to growing trees that should be excluded, which should be excluded, especially when carrying out thinning, apiaries are rounded with a turning radius of about 6-7 m, the resulting assortments are loaded using a forwarder body and skim to the place of loading or transshipment into the timber transport.

There is a known method of harvesting timber at a forest cutting site (Belarus. Experts from Finland conducted a training seminar on the machine development of wind and windbreak areas in the Chaussky leskhoz, 08/12/2009, p.1 - prototype), including the use of a machine system consisting of a harvester containing a manipulator ( with a boom length of 8-10 m) and a harvester head and a forwarder for skidding assortments. With a harvester in the area where the manipulator can work, with the help of a harvester head, the root system is separated from the fallen trees, the trees are felled, they are cleared of branches, and they are dressed. The obtained assortments with the help of a forwarder manipulator are loaded into his body and skipped to the place of loading or reloading into a timber transport vehicle.

First of all, working at the maximum reach of the harvester manipulator in the conditions of a tree block is very dangerous, and, what is very important, the manipulator is not designed for the lateral forces that have to be resorted to in order to analyze the blockages. It is sometimes not possible to get closer to a fallen or heaped tree. Therefore, the harvester must maneuver, freeing up the path to littered trees, which takes a lot of time. Often there is no possibility for maneuvers due to natural obstacles: a swamp, a steep slope, a stream, a ravine, etc.

The disadvantages of both technical solutions are the low degree of use of equipment and the low productivity of the development process due to the provision of a small service area during operation of the rotary manipulator and because of the need to continuously maneuver when performing analysis of wind-cutting blockages. In a word, the use of such expensive equipment - a system of machines consisting of a harvester and forwarder, while reducing its productivity and the need for maneuverability to work on wind-cutting logging sites is impractical.

The technical task of the invention is to increase the degree of use of forestry equipment, as well as to increase the productivity of the method through the use of a multi-operation harvesting machine-harvester with an improved design, which provides an increase in the service area, reducing the need for maneuvering while maintaining its stability.

This object is achieved by the fact that in the method of developing windbreaks using a system of machines harvester-forwarder, including the analysis of debris of fallen trees by removing from the root system of felled and damaged trees, cleaning them from knots and bucking logs using the harvester head of the harvester manipulator, further loading ready-made assortments onto a forwarder for skidding at a loading point - first, a single drag is laid by the harvester, the harvester is installed using the out riggers, the development is carried out sequentially by sectors of the wind cutting area with a sector radius of 100 m, provided by the rope length mounted on the swing frame of the winch harvester, and first, the cutting area is developed by the harvester in the sector area closest to the harvester with a radius corresponding to the maximum reach of the manipulator boom, and then the rest is cleaned the sector area from the felled trees by pulling them with a winch rope into the area of operation of the harvester manipulator, while exempting from the root system felled trees, chocking and moving them to the area of operation of the harvester manipulator for clearing from knots and bucking into assortments is performed by a logger equipped with a mechanical saw.

The invention has the following differences from the prototype:

- first, a single drag is laid by the harvester and installed using outriggers;

- the development is carried out sequentially by sectors of the wind cutting area with a radius of sectors of 100 m, provided by the length of the rope mounted on the swing frame of the winch harvester;

- first, the cutting area is developed by the harvester in the sector zone closest to the harvester with a radius corresponding to the maximum reach of the boom of the manipulator;

- then the remaining area of the sector is cleaned of felled trees by pulling them with a winch rope into the area of operation of the harvester manipulator;

- in this case, the release in the rest of the sector of the sector from the root system of felled trees, chocking and moving them to the area of operation of the harvester manipulator for clearing of knots and bucking into assortments is performed by a logger equipped with a mechanical saw.

This will increase the degree of use of forestry equipment, as well as increase the productivity of the process of developing a forest-felled forest cutting area due to the use of a multi-operation forest harvesting machine - an improved design harvester, which will increase the service area and reduce the need for maneuvering while maintaining its stability.

In the patent information fund we reviewed, no similar technical solutions and solutions with the claimed combination of features were found.

The invention is applicable and will be used in the industry in 2013.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a multioperational harvesting machine - harvester, side view;

Figure 2 is the same, a top view;

Figure 3 - shows a diagram of the development of wind-felled logging.

A multi-operation forest machine 1 includes wheels 2, an articulated running frame 3, on which a cab 4, an engine 5, a rotary manipulator 6 with a harvester head 7 are mounted. The machine is equipped with a rotary frame 9 driven by cylinders 8 and rotatable at an angle of 270 ° (namely, at an angle of 135 ° to one side and at an angle of 135 ° to the other side) and a winch 10 with a collecting cable 11 up to 100 m long and checkers 12, moreover, both the winch 10 and the rotary arm 6 are mounted on the rotary frame 9, the machine ene outriggers 13.

Figure 2 shows the development scheme containing the wind trees 14 windbreaks 15, which shows the mustache 16 of the logging road for the logging truck 17, the loading point 18, where the stacks of 19 assortments 20 are shipped, skidder 21 for the forwarder 22, multioperational machine 1 with winch 10 and a collecting rope 11 with checkers 12. Figure 2 also shows a section of the vetoed 23, area 24 of the section has been vetoed 23, developed only with the help of a manipulator 6 of the harvester 1 with a range of 8-10 m and an area of 25 developed by a multi-operation machine nd - harvester 1 using the winch 10, the rope 11 having a length of 100 m.

The development of wind-felled forest cutting according to the claimed method is performed as follows.

To work on the wind-cutting logging site 15 use the work of a feller, provided with a mechanized saw tool.

With a multioperational machine (harvester) 1, a skidder 21 is developed for the forwarder 22, a place convenient for work is selected (i.e., for example, a site located in a dry, high place with dense soil) and outriggers 13 are installed.

The development is carried out sequentially in the sectors of wind-logging logging with a radius of sectors of 100 m, provided by the length of the collecting rope 11 mounted on the swing frame 9 of the harvester 1 of the winch 10.

First, using a rotary manipulator 6 with a harvester head 7, a logging site is harvested by a harvester in the zone 24 closest to the harvester of sector 23 with a radius corresponding to the maximum outreach of the manipulator 6, while the trees in this zone are felled, cleaned of branches, trimmed into assortments 20, which the manipulator (in Fig. not shown) forwarder 22 is loaded into the forwarder and transported to the loading point 18 for reloading, for example on a timber truck 17.

Then, a logger is connected to the work, who performs work on the remaining zone 25 of sector 23 with a radius of 100 m, he separates the fallen trees 14 from the root system, and the assistant pulls the collecting rope 11 with checkers 12 from the rotary winch 10, chooses the trees processed by the logger and gives a signal to the driver of the harvester to turn on the winch 10. Using a collecting rope 11, the trees are pulled and pulled to the harvester 1 into the operating area of the manipulator 6 with the harvester head 7. The harvester head 7 grabs the trees individually, cleans and x from branches by dragging them through the knives and using a chain saw produce bucking. The resulting assortments 20 are loaded into a forwarder 22, which skips them to a loading point 18 for reloading into a timber carrier 17.

Thus, the range of the harvester is expanding significantly and from one place thanks to a rotary winch and a rope 100 m long, 2-3 ha of cutting areas can be cleared and 300-400 m ^{3 of} assortments can be harvested, moreover with high productivity while fully ensuring the continuous use of the multi-operation machine.

Thus, the invention allows to increase the degree of use of forestry equipment and the productivity of the process of developing a wind cutting area by improving the design of a multi-operation machine - a harvester, providing an increase in the service area, reducing the need for maneuvering while maintaining its stability.

Information sources

1. Arico S.E. (BSTU, Minsk, Belarus), sergevariko@mail.ru. Technologies of development cutting areas with application of system of machines in structure harvester andforvarder on cabins of leaving.

2. Belarus. Specialists from Finland held a training seminar on the machine development of wind and windbreak areas in the Chausky leskhoz, 08/12/2009, p.1 - prototype).

Claims (1)

A method for developing windbreaks using a system of harvester-forwarder machines, including parsing debris from fallen trees by clearing fallen and damaged trees from the root system, clearing them from knots and logging into assortments using the harvester head of the harvester manipulator, further loading the finished assortments onto the forwarder for them skidding to a loading point, characterized in that at first a single drag is laid by the harvester, a harvester is installed using outriggers, development of they drive sequentially along the sectors of the wind cutting area with a sector radius of 100 m provided by the rope length mounted on the swing frame of the winch harvester, and first, the cutting area is developed by the harvester in the sector area closest to the harvester with a radius corresponding to the maximum reach of the manipulator boom, and then the rest of the sector is cleared of felled trees by pulling their winch rope into the area of operation of the harvester manipulator, while releasing from the root system of felled trees, h Framing and moving them into the area of operation of the harvester manipulator for clearing from knots and bucking into assortments is carried out by a logger equipped with a mechanical saw.

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