RU2224417C2 - Skidding method and machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: forest industry and forestry, in particular, tree harvesting equipment and processes. SUBSTANCE: known method involves forming bundles of individual trees to be forwarded by means of, for example, felling-bunching machines and forwarding of bundles by means of skidding tongs. Known skidding machine has self-propelled chassis, arch mounted on chassis and equipped with tilting drive, rocker boom equipped with drive and incorporating skidding tongs on its rear free end, and hoist positioned forward of arch. One end of hoist cable is fixed on winch drum and other end is passed through pulley mounted on arch and coupled to skidding tongs. Said method and machine may be used only for skidding of formed bundles, so two machines are supposed to be used and, consequently, probability of disturbing soil mantle, damage to underbrush and root system and adjoining trees is increased, which is undesirable for gradual felling and cleaning cuttings. Proposed method involves forming bundles of individual trees and forwarding said bundles by means of single machine in two stages, first stage including fixing pulley on standing tree by means of rocker boom, passing cable with chokers through pulley from standard machine hoist and skidding trees into bundles, and second stage including skidding formed bundles by means of the same machine but with the help of skidding tongs. Skidding machine has rocker boom equipped with additional link connected to rocker boom for rotation in vertical longitudinal plane of machine by means of drive. Skidding tongs are mounted at rear end of rocker boom. Grapple equipped with drive and tilting pulley are mounted on free end of additional link. Hoist cable is passed through tilting pulley. Bracket is rigidly fixed on top of rocker boom front end so that bracket may be clamped by grapple in folded position of additional link as bundles are skidded by skidding tongs. Grapple is immovably mounted on additional link and provided with single movable grab. Tilting pulley is mounted on immovable grab of grapple. EFFECT: wider range of use, reduced number of passes performed by machine to result in reduced damage to soil mantle, underbrush and root system of adjacent trees. 4 cl, 6 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to technology and machines for collecting bundles of trees (whips) and their skidding and can be used in the forest industry and forestry.

 There is a method of skidding, when the skidding machine comes to the cutting area and is installed in a position convenient for collecting and forming the bundle, the loading shield is lowered, and the traction rope and chokers are fed to felled trees or whips, after hooking the last chokers, the traction rope is passed through the ring of chokers and into a loop half-ring is inserted at its end, after which the trees or whips of the winch of the machine are pulled to the loading board and with it are laid in the transport position on the machine and the image formed in such a way om a bundle being skipped to the place of unloading (Gorokhovsky K.F., Kalinovsky V.P., Livshits N.V. Technology and machines for logging and logging operations: Textbook for universities. - Moscow: Lesn. prom-st, 1980, 384s.).

 A skidding machine is known, including a self-propelled chassis on which a winch with a drive and a loading shield with a drive are mounted, while one end of the traction rope is fixed to the winch drum, the chokers are fixed through the rings through the rings (Kusakin N.F. Design and operation of skidding tractors: Textbook for vocational schools.- M .: Lesn. prom-st, 1985, 272 p.).

 The known skidding method and skidding machine collect and skid the pack in one flight from a limited space, therefore, to collect trees or whips from a large area, the car must make several flights, while the undercarriage of the machine damages the soil cover, undergrowth and root system of the remaining trees, which undesirable for gradual selective cutting and thinning.

 There is also known a method of skidding bundles of trees or whips formed on the ground by feller bunchers, in which a machine equipped with a pack tick-borne grapple arrives at the cutting area, backs up to the formed bundle, lowers the opened tick-borne grapple capture onto the bundle, grabs and clamps it, lifts along with the gripper and skids the pack in a semi-suspended position to the place of unloading. (Gorokhovsky K.F., Kalinovsky V.P., Livshits N.V. Technology and machines for logging and logging operations: Textbook for universities. - M .: Lesn. Prom-st, 1980. 384p.).

 A skidding machine for implementing this skidding method is known, which includes a self-propelled chassis on which an arch with a drive is mounted, at the upper end of which a boom-beam with a drive is pivotally mounted, a tong-tongue grip is installed on the rear free end of the boom, and a winch installed between the arch and a cabin, while one end of the cable is mounted on the drum of the winch, and the other is passed through the block and connected to a pack of tongs (Prospect International Exhibition LESDREVMASH-79, exposition of the USSR, skidders : USSR - M .: Sokolniki August 29 - September 12, 1979, 780 p Vneshtorgizdat Publishing House, 1979, Timber wheel tractor ML-18).....

 The known skidding method and skidding machine can only be used to skid formed bundles, the machine should be suitable for each bundle, which increases the likelihood of damage to the soil cover, undergrowth and root system of the remaining growing trees, which is undesirable for gradual, selective cutting and thinning.

 These disadvantages are eliminated by the fact that in the proposed method of skidding, a skidding machine equipped with an arrow, a winch and a traction rope with checkers comes to the cutting area, where dumped trees (whips) are laid, with an arrow with a grab at its end and a deflecting block, it is fixed with a grab the deflecting block, through which the traction rope is passed, on a standing tree, the traction rope is fed to the fallen trees (whips), which are chokered by chokers, through their rings are connected to the traction rope, and the trees (whips) are winch and traction anatomist formed into packs at standing tree, after the selection of all the trees (whip) within range, and the length of the rope sector trelyuyutsya packs formed by any of the known methods, i.e. skidding machines with choker equipment, with a pack of tongs or with a manipulator and a conical clamping device.

 In the skidding machine according to the proposed method, which includes a self-propelled chassis, on which an arch with a drive is mounted, at the upper end of which a boom-arm with a drive is pivotally mounted, a tong-tongue-grip boom is installed on the rear free end of the boom-arm, a winch installed between the arch and the cabin , while one end of the cable is mounted on the drum of the winch, and the other is passed through a block mounted on an arch, and connected to a pack of tongs, the boom-beam is articulated, with additional its link is connected to the base with the possibility of its rotation in a vertical longitudinal plane by means of a drive, for example a hydraulic cylinder, a grip with its drive and a deflecting unit through which the winch cable is passed through is mounted on the free end of the additional link, and on the front end of the base of the rocker arm is rigidly mounted emphasis with the possibility of its clamping in the difficult position of the rocker arm.

 The proposed skidding method and skidding machine expand the scope of their application and, when used, significantly less undergrowth and soil cover will be damaged, as well as the root system of growing trees.

 In the patent and scientific and technical literature, such a method of skidding and the design of the skidding machine were not found by us.

 Figure 1 shows a method of skidding, side view; figure 2 is the same, top view (self-propelled chassis and the crown of the tree are not conventionally shown).

 According to the proposed method of skidding it is carried out in the following way.

 Machine 1, for example, a highly passable self-propelled chassis, with equipment mounted on its frame, drives into a cutting area with fallen trees (whips) and secures with a device installed on machine 1, for example, an arrow, deflecting block 15 with a load-carrying cable 16 passed through it on the trunk of one of abandoned seed trees, chockers checker felled trees, connect the chokers to the load-carrying cable 16 in a known manner and turn on the winch 2 installed on the machine 1 to wind the load-carrying cable 16. Thus, the poker Bathrooms trees formed into a pack and trelyuyut last to the tree-testis, where trees detach and leave a pack. Next, the cycle is repeated until all the trees in the sector behind the seed tree have been mantled to the length of the load-carrying cable 16. The skewed (muffled) bundles are fan-shaped at the seed tree. After skidding of all available trees (whips), machine 1 moves to another parking lot and the skidding cycle is repeated. In the future, packs are transported by any of the known methods: choker machines; skidding machines with a manipulator or with a pack of tick-borne grippers.

 The proposed method of skidding reduces the damage to the soil and undergrowth in the cutting area by skidding machines.

 In FIG. 3 shows a skidder, side view, with an elongated rocker arm; figure 4 is the same in the transport position (the cabin with the engine and front axle is not conventionally shown); figure 3 is the same, a view along arrow A in figure 3; Fig.6 is the same, view along arrow B in Fig.4.

 The skidding machine according to the proposed method includes a self-propelled chassis 1, on which technological equipment is mounted, including a winch 2 and skidding equipment. Technological equipment includes an A-shaped arch 3, pivotally mounted on the frame 4 of the self-propelled chassis 1 with the possibility of tilting back and forth using a drive 5, for example hydraulic cylinders. At the upper end of the arch 3, a rocker arm 6 is pivotally mounted with a drive 7, for example, hydraulic cylinders. At the free rear end of the rocker arm 6, a tick-borne tongue grip 8 and a handle 9 are pivotally mounted with the possibility of the latter being rotated relative to the rocker arm 6 around a horizontal transverse axis using known devices, for example a hydraulic cylinder 10. A grip 11 with a fixed 12 is mounted on the free end of the arm 9 and movable 13 castor oil plants (Fig. 5). Mobile castor oil 13 has the ability to rotate relative to the vertical axis using the drive 14, for example a hydraulic cylinder. A block 15 is installed on the fixed castor-oil plant 12. A load-carrying cable 16 is passed through the block 15, one end of which is passed through the block 17 mounted on the arch 3 and mounted on the winch drum 2, and the other end of the cable 16 is connected to the bundle tongs 8 or chokers (not shown on the machine). At the front end of the rocker arm 6, a bracket 18 is installed with an annular groove 19.

 Skidding machine operates as follows.

 The skidder can skid both separately lying trees (whips) on the cutting area, and prepared bundles after the feller buncher. When skidding separately lying trees, for example, after felling with a gasoline-powered saw, the handle 9 with a gripper 11 with a hydraulic cylinder 10 leans back behind a pack of tick-borne grippers 8, after which, controlling the hydraulic cylinders 5, 7, 10 and 14, the gripper 11 is fixed on a standing tree and is skidded, described above. After the bundles are formed from individual trees, the handle 9 with the gripper 11 is laid on the rocker arm 6, the bracket 18 is clamped to the bracket 18, the load-carrying cable 16 is removed from the block 15 and connected to the bundle tick-shaped gripper 8 and the machine skidders the packs, as are known skidding machines with a tick-borne bundle capture. At the same time, the load from the pack and the tick-borne capture capture 8 is perceived by the rocker-arm 6 and the handle 9. After the skidding of the formed packs is completed, the handle 9 reclines behind the tick-borne capture capture 8 and the cycle repeats.

 The proposed design of the skidder allows you to expand the scope of its application and reduce damage to the soil, undergrowth and root system of the remaining trees.

Claims (4)

1. The method of skidding, which consists in the formation of bundles from individual trees and skidding by different machines, characterized in that the formation of a bundle for skidding from separate trees and skidding of bundles of trees is carried out by one machine in two stages, in the first - using an arrow set on a growing tree the block through which the cable with chokers from the standard winch of the machine is passed and trees are pulled into bundles, and on the second - formed bundles are pulled by the same machine, but by a tick-borne tong capture. 2. Skidding machine, including a self-propelled chassis, on which an arch is mounted with a tilting drive, a boom-beam with a drive is pivotally mounted on its upper end, a tick-borne gripper with a drive is installed on the rear free end of the boom-beam, a winch mounted in front of the arch , while one end of the winch cable is mounted on the winch drum, and the other is passed through a block mounted on an arch, and connected to a pack of tick-borne grippers, characterized in that the rocker arm is equipped with an additional link in the form a handle pivotally connected to the boom arm with the possibility of rotation in the vertical longitudinal plane of the machine by means of a hydraulic cylinder actuator, a tick-borne tongue grip is mounted on the rear end of the rocker arm, and a gripper with a drive and a deflecting unit are mounted on the free end of the additional link the winch cable is missing. 3. The machine according to claim 2, characterized in that on top of the front end of the rocker arm, a bracket is rigidly mounted with the possibility of its clamping by gripping the additional link in the folded position. 4. The machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the gripper on the additional link is made with one movable castor, and the deflecting unit is mounted on the fixed castor oil on the additional link.

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