RU2499383C2 - Method of development of fire affected forestlands - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method includes separating the trunks from the root system and consists of two stages of timber skidding. At the first stage skidding is carried out by winch through the cargo unit, and at the second - after limbing and tree length bucking on assortments using a device for holding the movable timber. At the first stage the fire affected trees are treated in groups. The first group includes fallen trees with the root system freed from the soil by choking and skidding them to some distance from the place of choking followed by separation of the trunk from the root system, such as with a power saw. The second group includes the fallen trees that have root system bonded with the soil, which trunk part is initially separated from the root system, such as with a power saw, with its subsequent choking and skidding to the final point of the first stage. The third group includes trees that have the root system connection with the ground and rest by the top on the trees standing next to them, which are first choked at a distance of 1.5-2 m from the root system, then a rope is pulled by the winch, providing tree landing to the predetermined position. After landing, the trunk is separated from the root system, such as with a power saw, followed by skidding to the final point of the first stage. Once all the trees are skidded to the final point of the first stage, limbing and bucking on assortments is carried out.

EFFECT: method provides reduction of energy consumptions and labor costs in the processing of hung and fallen trees during the fire, with the root system freed and non-freed from the soil.

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Description

The invention relates to a technology for the development of fires afflicted by fires and can be used in the forest industry and forestry.

The most dangerous are hovering trees. A known method of removing hovering trees by pushing behind the butt using a tractor winch. (Gugelev S.M. Preparatory support work in the cutting area. - 2nd ed. (B-ka worker-logger). M., Lesn. Prom-st. 1984. - S.16-24)

At the same time, the tractor spends considerable time moving around the forest area. In addition, the direction of the winch traction force is almost parallel to the surface, which does not provide a reduction in the forces of resistance to the movement of trees.

The disadvantage of this method is that when it is used, a large amount of dangerous manual labor is spent at low productivity and high energy consumption.

There is a method of clearing all trees with a log using a thick log 12 ... 14 m long. The log is cut under the pressure of the log with simultaneous coordinated parallel movement of tractors at a distance of 30 ... 40 m from each other. The forest stand dumped in one direction is collected by uprooters-gatherers into shafts, between which the necessary methods of tillage are performed.

The disadvantage of this method is that wood is not harvested, and the process of clearing requires significant energy consumption.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect is the method and machine for skidding (Patent No. 2357407С2 of the Russian Federation, IPC A01G 23/00. Method and machine for skidding / Yu.A. Shirnin, A.Yu. Shirnin, EA Bogatyreva, O.V. Akazova; 2007122910/12; Priority 06/18/2007

A logging machine consisting of an energy module and a technological module with a winch drives into the next apiary with fallen trees (whips) or with small bundles prepared by a feller buncher, the operator, while controlling the manipulator, installs a deflecting block on the mast tree through which a load-carrying rope is missing, which is pulled along the apiary to the place of formation of a bundle of trees (whips). Then the fallen trees (whips) are chocked by chokers; the winch mounted on the technological module for winding the load-carrying rope is turned on, trees (whips) are formed into bundles and mowed to the main draw, where they are disconnected and the bundle is left. Next, the cycle is repeated until all the trees or small bundles from the apiary to the length of the load-bearing rope are podrezlivany to the main drag. After skidding all the trees from the apiary, the logging machine moves to another apiary and the under-skidding cycle is repeated as described above until all the wood from the apiaries adjacent to the main draw is skidded. Further, in accordance with the technological process, the trees can be cleaned of branches, and the whips can be cleared by any of the known methods. At this time, the forestry machine changes the technological modules in the upper warehouse. Subsequently, the assortments are loaded with a grab grab into a device to hold the transported wood, and trees (whips) into a conical clamping device and transported to the upper warehouse (timber loading station).

The disadvantage of this method is that it is designed to develop only standing trees.

The technical result is the reduction of energy and labor costs in the processing of trees hanging and fallen in the fire during a fire with a free and not free from the ground root system.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of development of forests afflicted by fires, including the separation of trunks from the root system and consisting of two stages of skidding, in the first of which skidding is carried out using a winch through a cargo block, and in the second - after trimming of knots and cutting of whips on assortments by means of a device for holding movable wood, and at the first stage, trees affected by the fire are treated in groups, the first of which includes fallen trees with released I am from the ground by the root system by chocking and skidding them for some distance from the place of the choker, with the subsequent separation of the trunk from the root system, for example, a chainsaw; the second group includes fallen trees with a root system fixed to the soil, the trunk part of which is first separated from the root system, for example with a chainsaw, followed by chocking and skidding to the final point of the first stage .; the third group includes trees that have a connection between the root system and the soil and rest their vertex on adjacent trees, which are first choked at a distance of 1.5-2 meters from the root system, then a rope is pulled by a winch, ensuring that the tree lands in a predetermined position, and after landing the trunk is separated from the root system, for example, with a chainsaw, followed by skidding to the final point of the first stage, and after all the trees are mated to the final point of the first stage, they knot and cut ortimenty.

The proposed method is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 - shows the placement in space of trees affected by fire.

Figure 2 shows the process of development of forested areas affected by fire, in which: L is the distance from the location of the choker to the final point of the first stage of skidding; 1 - the distance from the place of chocking to the place of separation from the stem of the root system.

Figure 3 shows the fixing of the checker, at a height h for a hanging tree.

The method allows to skid both individual trees and prepared packs of trees.

A method of developing a forest afflicted by fires is as follows:

As a result of a forest fire, the affected trees (Fig. 1) can be fallen with the root system 1 freed from the ground, having grip with the ground 2, 3 hanging and 4 standing trees.

The development of forest fires affected by fire is carried out by a forest harvesting machine (Fig. 2) as part of an energy module 5 on which a manipulator 6 is mounted, on the capture of which a deflecting unit 7 is mounted, and a technological module 8 with a winch 9 installed on it with a cargo rope 10, on the opposite from the winch the end of which is strung by a choker 11, where the chocking of trees takes place, from which the root system 12 is separated at some distance, and assortments 13 are stored at a distance L.

Work on the proposed method is as follows.

A forest machine as part of energy module 5 drives through the main drag to the next apiary. The operator, controlling the manipulator 6, installs a deflecting block 7 on the tree-mast, through which a load-carrying rope 10 is passed, which is pulled along the apiary to the place of chokering of the treated trees by the checkers 11. When processing fallen trees with the root system of trees 1 freed from the ground, chocking occurs and skidding them for a certain distance from the place of chocking, followed by separation of the trunk from the root system, for example, with a chainsaw, and the trunk with branches is mowed to the final point of the first stage at a distance L-1. Thus, in the process of skidding, the root system 12 is separated from the stem, which is concentrated at the final point of the first stage for the subsequent trimming of knots and bucking into assortments 13.

In fallen trees 2 with a root system that is not detached from the ground, the root part is first cut off, for example, with a chainsaw, and then, after chocking, they wind the assembled pack to a distance L to the end point of the first stage with a winch.

Hanging trees 3 are chocked by checkers 11 (Fig. 3) at a distance of 1.5-2 m from the root system, then by pulling the rope with a winch, the tree lands in a predetermined position, after landing, the trunk is separated from the root system, for example, with a chainsaw, with chocking and subsequent skidding winch to the final point of the first stage.

Standing trees 4 are processed in one of the known ways.

After all the trees are podrelevanny to the final point of the first stage, pruning and bucking is carried out.

The proposed method of skidding reduces labor and energy costs, increases productivity and safety during the processing of forested areas affected by fires.

Claims (1)

A method of developing forest fires affected by fires, comprising separating trunks from the root system and consisting of two stages of skidding, the first of which is skidded using a winch through a cargo block, and the second is used after cutting trunks and cutting logs into logs by means of a holding device moved wood, and at the first stage, trees affected by the fire are treated in groups, the first of which includes fallen trees with a root system freed from the ground by chokers ki and skidding them to a certain distance from the place of chocking, followed by separation of the trunk from the root system, for example, a chainsaw; the second group includes fallen trees with a root system fixed to the ground, the trunk part of which is first separated from the root system, for example with a chainsaw, followed by chocking and skidding to the final point of the first stage; the third group includes trees that have a connection between the root system and the soil and rest their vertex on adjacent trees, which are first choked at a distance of 1.5-2 m from the root system, then a rope is pulled by a winch, ensuring that the tree lands in a predetermined position, and after landing the trunk is separated from the root system, for example, with a chainsaw, followed by skidding to the final point of the first stage, and after all the trees are mowed to the final point of the first stage, they cut the branches and cut to grade events.

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