RU2365093C1 - Manipulator - type machine short - log operations method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method includes trees felling, branches cutting, cross cutting and arranging batches at an angle to the runway. Felling of trees located in front of and behind the machine is conducted by the top part of the tree to the runway. Root of the tree not landing is transferred by the manipulator to the place of cross cutting and short logs stowing at the boundary of the runway, trees are left at the runway at an angle to its longitudinal axis and placed with the tops (roots) in opposite directions before in front of and behind the machine, when felling trees are directed at an angle to each other. Top parts after cutting are placed in the runway zone, with roots directed in opposite directions. Short - logs after cross cutting are placed with roots in opposite directions at an angle to each other in batches at the boundary of the runway.

EFFECT: increased productivity of short-log operations, preserving young growth and reducing negative impact of the machine operation to the forest soil.

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Description

The invention relates to the forest industry and forestry and can be used to harvest assortments and preserve undergrowth.

The following logging development schemes are known, which ensure the preservation of undergrowth during assortment harvesting by manipulator-type machines: with the placement of a draw in the middle of an apiary, with a harvester driving in half-logs, with an auxiliary corridor, with an improvised drag [1].

The development of an apiary when placing a drag in its middle is as follows. Both half-saves are developed simultaneously with the drag. Trees are cut down and felled perpendicular to the draw, but taking into account the location of groups of undergrowth and young growth of economically valuable species. The apiary width with this technology is two effective outreach of the harvester manipulator.

This method has the following disadvantages:

- the undergrowth is not adequately preserved due to damage from the top of a felled tree,

- Damage and compaction of the soil on the draw due to the placement of not enough chopping residues.

The development of cutting areas with a harvester driving in half-areas is implemented according to the following technology. In the middle of the apiary with a width increased to four effective sorties of the manipulator, a die is placed. The step of adjoining the races on the die on each side is about four effective flights of the manipulator. Arrivals are performed in an arc and are displaced by half an adjacency step on adjacent half-sections.

The disadvantage of this method is the reduced productivity due to the time spent on races.

When developing a cutting area according to the scheme with an auxiliary corridor, only the harvester works in the auxiliary corridor. Forwarder operates on dies, remote from each other at a distance of about 3.5 effective departure of the manipulator. When the harvester is working, assortment packages are stacked at the maximum distance from the machine.

The disadvantage of this method is the reduced productivity due to the time spent on packaging assortments.

The technology for developing an apiary under a scheme with an improvised die is based on the possibility of using a harvester when working in three modes. First, adjacent apiary fibers, separated from each other by a distance of 4 effective overhangs of the manipulator, and adjacent tapes reachable for the harvester manipulator are cut. The work is carried out in full cycle. Then the harvester moves to work on the forest strip left between the ditches. Moving in the center of this strip, the harvester carries out directed felling of trees designated for logging, at a right angle to the top with the apex in the direction of the closest of the draws. Cutting of knots and bucking of fallen trees are carried out during the next harvester pass through the cut logs. The pruning of the branches is done at the top, and the cutting of the whip after being intercepted by the harvester unit is over the butt.

The disadvantage of this method is the reduced productivity due to the incomplete cycle of the harvester.

Closest to the claimed invention, the technical solution is a method of machine harvesting of wood [2], which consists in the fact that when packing trees with a feller-buncher, their top parts are placed on opposite edges of the draw, the butt parts in the central zone of the latter. The laying of the two subsequent after the first formed bundle is carried out with the parallel orientation of their longitudinal axes and at an angle α to the longitudinal axis of the first packet with the location of the apical part of the first packet and two subsequent ones on the opposite boundaries of the die. The following groups of packs of trees after the last of these are formed in an alternation sequence corresponding to the laying of the first of the mentioned and two subsequent packs. The direction of movement of the delimbing machine along the drag is shuttle relative to the movement of the first of these machines. The delimbing machine produces bundles of half-whips (whips) or assortments with the orientation of the longitudinal axes of the bundles at an acute angle β to the axis of the drag and opposite the angle α of the orientation of the axes of the bundles of trees to the axis of the drag during the sequence of alternation of formed bundles of half-whips (whips) or assortments similar to the alternation of groups of fibers packs of trees. Subsequent moving along the dragging of a skidding or loading-and-transport machine is carried out from the side of the dragging border, on which the vertex parts of parallel stacks of trees sequentially stacked by the feller buncher were oriented, while the shaft of knots (vertices) formed by the delimbing machine is oriented to the last of the indicated boundaries of the draw .

The disadvantages of this method are as follows:

- the undergrowth is not maintained during tree felling due to damage to the undergrowth by the tops of the felled trees,

- reinforcement of the dragging by cutting residues is provided only at the border; the central part of the drawing, along which the feller-buncher and delimbers (delimbers, buckers) move, is compacted.

The technical result is to increase the performance of the machine for harvesting assortments, minimizing damage to the undergrowth, as well as reducing the impact of machines on forest soil.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the felling of trees is carried out by a vertex on a fiber; moreover, felling of trees standing both in front of the machine and behind it is carried out; the butt of the tree during felling does not land and the manipulator of the machine rises above the ground; after felling, the butt of the tree raised above the ground is transported to the site of bucking and laying assortments at the edge of the draw; in this case, felled trees are left on the draw at an angle to its longitudinal axis and placed with their peaks (knots) in opposite directions at an angle to each other when felling trees in front of and behind the machine; after pruning, the tops of the fallen trees are left on the drag and placed with knots in opposite directions and crosswise; the assortments obtained during bucking are placed in packs at the borders of the dragger at a time apart and at an angle above each other.

The invention is illustrated by drawings. Figure 1 shows the roll of a tree standing behind the machine with the apex onto the part of the drawing located behind the machine; figure 2 - roll of a tree standing in front of the machine with the apex on the part of the drawing located in front of the machine; figure 3 - cutting branches and bucking of a tree dumped by the top on the part of the drawing located behind the machine; figure 4 - trimming branches and bucking of a tree dumped by the top on the part of the drawing located in front of the machine.

Harvesting assortments is as follows. The machine 1 for harvesting assortments moves along the apiary fiber 2 being chopped by it in the direction of arrow A and felling trees 3 in the apiary at an angle α to the fiber 2. The value of the angle α depends on the location of tree 3 relative to the wire 2. The angle α should provide a directed felling of the tree 3 with a vertex on the die 2. In addition, when felling, the butt of the tree does not land and rises above the ground with the manipulator 4 of machine 1. Moreover, from one working position, felling of trees located both in front of the machine (Fig.2) and behind the machine (Fig.1 ) When felling trees, standing behind the machine, the top is also placed on the part of the drawing located behind the machine (figure 1). The top of the dumped tree, which stood in front of the machine, is located on the drag in front of the machine (figure 2).

After the roll by the manipulator 4 of the machine 1, the butt part of the fallen tree 5 raised above the ground is transferred to the draw 2 in the direction of arrow B (FIG. 1, FIG. 2) so that the tree 5 is at an angle β to the draw 2 (FIG. 3, FIG. four). When felling trees 3 with a machine for harvesting wood 1 at a new working position, the angle β depends on the placement of clumps of undergrowth 6 and ensures the location of assortments 7 outside. If there are packs of assortments 7 at this working position, angle β provides compact placement of assortments 7 in small bundles by stacking assortments 7 at an angle above one another. In the event that the transfer of the butt of the felled tree 5 towards the draw 2 is not enough to place the assortments 7 outside the undergrowth of the undergrowth or in the bundle available at this working position, the tree 5 is dragged along the draw 2.

Then trimming of knots and bucking is performed, and the resulting assortments 7 and the vertex 8 left on the die are located at an angle β to the die 2 (Fig. 3, Fig. 4). At the same time, assortments 7 obtained by bucking a tree 5 dumped by a vertex onto the part of the wire 2 located behind the machine are placed at an acute angle β to the wire 2 (Fig. 3). When bucking tree 5, pinned apex to a die in front of the machine, assortments 7 are placed at an obtuse angle β to die 2 (Fig. 4). The top of the felled tree, standing to the left of the machine 1, are placed at an acute angle β to the die 2 (figure 3). The top of the felled tree, standing to the right of the machine 1, are placed at an obtuse angle β to the die 2 (figure 4). When felling trees standing in front of machine 1, the vertices are placed on the die 2 in the direction A of the movement of machine 1. When felling trees standing behind the machine 1, the vertices are placed in the opposite direction to the movement of machine 1. The vertices left on the die are placed in a different direction that when arriving at a new apiary, the felling of the trees facing the machine is first performed, and then behind it.

Increased productivity is ensured by the exclusion of additional movements and the operation of the machine in an incomplete cycle (additional interceptions and techniques).

Preservation of the undergrowth in the apiary is due to the fact that the felling is carried out by the apex to the draw, and the butt of the tree, when felling and transferring it to the draw, is lifted above the ground by the machine manipulator, as well as due to the compact placement of assortments in bundles near the draw taking into account the location of the undergrowth clumps.

Reducing the impact of machines on forest soils is ensured by leaving vertices located in different directions and at an angle to each other with subsequent reinforcement of the draw when the machines move along it.

Information sources

1. Assorted logging: Textbook. allowance./ Azarenok V.A., Hertz E.F., Mehrentsev A.V. // Ural. Gos. Forestry technician. Akad., Yekaterinburg, 1999 .-- 134 p.

2. RF patent No. 2208309. The method of machine harvesting of wood at the cutting area. / Shlyakov G.V., Andryushin M.I. // TSNIIME, Khimki. - Stated 2001.12.28, Published 2003.07.20.

Claims (1)

A method of harvesting assortments by a machine of a manipulator type, including felling trees, cutting branches, bucking and placing bundles at an angle to the draw, characterized in that the felling of trees located in front of the machine and behind the machine is carried out with the top of the tree on the draw, while the butt part of the tree, without landing, the manipulator transfers the machines to the site of bucking and laying assortments at the edge of the draw, leaving the trees on the draw at an angle to its longitudinal axis and placing vertices (knots) in opposite directions, d and behind the machine, while felling trees at the same time directing them at an angle relative to each other, while the top parts after trimming are placed in the area of the dragging, orienting the knots in opposite directions and crosswise, and the assortments after bucking - differently and at an angle above each other in bundles on the borders of the drag.

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