RU2781950C1 - Method for harvesting assortments by manipulator-type machines in forest areas affected by ground fires with ensuring natural regeneration of pine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: forestry industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the forestry industry, in particular to the development of forest areas affected by ground fires with the harvesting of assortments by manipulator-type machines. Trees felling, delimbing and bucking are performed. The felling is initially carried out along the axis of the portage (4), and then sequentially, starting from the trees located closer to the border of the portage. The direction of the felling of trees is carried out in such a way that after processing by the felling-lopping-bucking machine (2) the branches (5) are evenly distributed over the area of ​​the processed forest belt. After sawing, in the process of falling the tree, the butt part of the tree rises, which ensures the collision of the top part of the trunk with the crown with the surface of the soil or snow, which contributes to the intensive fall of the cones from the crown.

EFFECT: seeds are conserved as a measure to promote the natural regeneration of pine.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a technology for harvesting assortments in forest areas affected by ground fires with the provision of natural regeneration of pine and can be used in the forestry industry and forestry.

Forest fires are top and bottom. Unlike crown fires, ground fires, as a rule, leave significant chances for the preservation of cones with viable seeds in the crowns, which was observed in 1972 and 2010 [1, 2]. So in the Kuyar forestry of the RME in fresh pine forests, on the burnt areas developed in October 2010, in the crowns of dead seed-bearing pines, there were quite a lot of viable seeds, the germination of which reached 80% [3]. Seeds extracted from cones collected from the ground had a seed germination energy of 19.8 ± 1.8%, and from cones collected from felling residues - 55.8 ± 2.3%. The number of seeds in cones amounted to more than 500 thousand pieces per hectare, which corresponds to the average seed yield in pine forests and is sufficient for successful regeneration of pine trees in burnt areas. Traditional methods of developing burnt areas include clearing clearings by burning logging residues, which leads to the death of the remaining viable seeds.

The proposed method of harvesting assortments by manipulator-type machines in forest areas affected by ground fires allows for natural regeneration by preserving pine seeds when harvesting marketable wood in a short time after medium-intensity ground fires, for which crowns with cones are left at the place of delimbing.

There is a well-known scheme for the development of cutting areas during the harvesting of assortments by manipulator-type machines with the placement of a portage in the middle of the apiary, with the arrival of harvesters on the floor of the apiary, with an auxiliary corridor [4].

Both floors of the apiary are developed simultaneously with the portage. Trees are cut down and felled perpendicular to the drag, but taking into account the location of groups of undergrowth and young growth of economically valuable species. The width of the apiary with this technology is two effective outreaches of the harvester manipulator.

The disadvantage of this method lies in the fact that when harvesting marketable wood on the territory of a cutting area affected by a ground fire, a uniform distribution of cut branches over its area, which are the source of pine seeds, is not ensured.

The technical solution closest to the claimed invention is a method of harvesting assortments by a manipulator-type machine [5] with the preservation of young growth, including felling trees with their tops on the portage without landing the butt part, transferring the butt part by the manipulator of the machine to the place of cross-cutting and laying assortments at the border of the portage, trimming the branches with placement of the top parts after pruning crosswise and butts in opposite directions in the area of the portage, bucking with the placement of assortments in bundles at different pitches and at an angle above each other, characterized in that the felling is initially performed along the axis of the portage, and then sequentially, starting from the trees located closer to the border of the portage and relative to the groups of young animals, it is carried out in opposite directions at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the portage, which ensures the safety of adjacent groups of young animals, and also due to the compact placement of assortments in stacks near the portage, taking into account the location of the young animals.

The disadvantage of this method [5] lies in the fact that delimbing is carried out with the placement of the top parts in the portage zone, which does not provide a uniform distribution of cut branches over the cutting area, which are the source of pine seeds.

The purpose of the invention is the harvesting of assortments by manipulator-type machines in forest areas affected by ground fires with the provision of natural regeneration of pine.

The technical result consists in the fact that, simultaneously with the harvesting of assortments in forest areas affected by ground fires, the seeds are preserved as a measure to promote the natural regeneration of pine.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that during the development by manipulator-type machines of forest areas affected by ground fires, including felling trees, pruning, bucking with harvesting assortments, trees are initially processed along the axis of the portage, then trees located closer to the border of the portage, while the direction of felling trees is carried out in such a way that after processing by felling and delimbering machine (VSRM) heaps of branches are evenly distributed over the area of the processed forest tape, and after cutting, in the process of falling the tree, the butt part of the tree rises, which ensures the collision of the top part of the trunk with the crown with the soil surface or of snow, which contributes to the intensive fall of cones from the crown, and the place for cutting and stacking assortments and, consequently, branches, should be within the reach of the forwarder manipulator when it is located on the portage during the collection and loading of assortments, due to which, simultaneously with With the collection and loading of assortments, the cut branches are evenly distributed over the territory of the developed belt by the clamshell grip of the manipulator.

Thus, the claimed method of harvesting assortments on forest areas affected by ground fires ensures the preservation of seed material, evenly distributed on the territory of the cutting area, for the natural renewal of pine and meets the criterion of "novelty". Comparison of the proposed solution with those known in the art indicates the absence of features similar to the essential distinguishing features of the proposed method of timber harvesting. The foregoing allows us to conclude that the proposed solution meets the criterion of "significant differences".

The proposed method is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a tree felling, which ensures the collision of the top part with the crown with the surface of the forest tape.

Figure 2 shows a diagram of the development tape forest affected ground fire, a system of machines, including BCRM and forwarder, with a uniform distribution of boughs on the territory of the tape.

Work on the proposed method is carried out as follows. The processing of a forest belt with borders 1, affected by a ground fire, begins from any of its sides. Thus, a shuttle method of moving the manipulator VSRM 2 along the plot is provided. Initially, trees 3 are processed along the axis of the tape, the future portage 4, then the trees located closer to the border of the portage, with tree felling, delimbing, bucking, while the direction of the tree felling is carried out in such a way that after processing the BCPM, the piles of branches 5 are evenly located along the area of the processed forest tape, and after cutting the butt part of the tree 6 rises sharply, providing a collision of the top part with the crown with the surface of the forest tape, which contributes to the intensive loss of cones from the crown, and the place of bucking and laying assortments and, therefore, branches, should be within reach manipulator 7 of the forwarder 8 when it is located on the portage during the collection and loading of assortments 9, due to which, simultaneously with the collection and loading of assortments, the branches 10 are distributed over the territory of the developed tape by the clamshell grip of the manipulator.

The proposed method ensures the harvesting of assortments by manipulator-type machines in forest areas affected by ground fires, while ensuring the safety of seed material and natural regeneration of pine by evenly distributing boughs over the cutting area.

Sources of information

1. Denisov, S. A. Denisov S.A., Samodelkina V.V. Forecasting reforestation on fresh pine burnt forests // Forest ecosystems under climate change: biological productivity and remote monitoring: materials of the international scientific and practical seminar [Electronic resource]. - Electron. Dan. - Yoshkar-Ola: Mari State Technical University, 2011. P. 181-183. - URL: http://csfm.marstu.net/files/publications/Forest%20ecosystems%20under%20climate%20 change.pdf ISBN 978- 5-8158-0935-2

2. Denisov S.A., Domracheva Z.N., Demicheva N.V. Ecological and silvicultural features of natural pine regeneration on the burned areas of the forest middle Trans-Volga // Bulletin of the Volga State Technological University. Series: Forest. Ecology. Nature management. 2021. No. 1 (49). pp. 47-63.

3. Denisov S. A., Konyukhova T. A., Rachkova T. S. Management of reforestation in burnt areas // Bulletin of the Volga State Technological University. Ser.: Forest. Ecology. Nature management. - 2015. - No. 3 (27). - S. 5-17.

4. Cut-to-length logging: Proc. allowance. / Azarenok V.A., Hertz E.F., Mekhrentsev A.V. // Ural. State. Lesotech. Acad., Yekaterinburg, 1999. - 134 p.

5. RF patent No. 2467559 RF, MKI7 A01G23/00. S. B. Yakimovich, V. V. Gruzdev, A. N. Sviridenkov, M. A. Teterina, A. Ya. applicant and patent holder Mari State. those. university. - Appl. February 26, 2008, Published. 08/27/20

Claims (3)

1. A method for developing forest areas affected by ground fires with harvesting assortments by manipulator-type machines, including felling trees, delimbing, bucking, while felling is initially performed along the axis of the portage, and then sequentially, starting from trees located closer to the border of the portage, which differs the fact that the direction of felling of trees is carried out in such a way that after processing the HCPM, the branches are evenly distributed over the area of the processed forest tape, and after cutting, in the process of falling the tree, the butt part of the tree rises, which ensures the collision of the top part of the trunk with the crown with the surface of the soil or snow , which contributes to the intensive loss of cones from the crown. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the place of delimbing, bucking and stacking assortments and logging residues must be within reach of the forwarder manipulator when it is located on the portage during the collection and loading of assortments. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that during the collection and loading of assortments, the branches are distributed over the territory of the forest belt being developed by the clamshell grip of the forwarder manipulator.

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