RU2534261C1 - Method of cleaning wind-felling logging areas from obstruction of fallen trees - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises the obstruction dismantling by successive movement of fallen and damaged trees preliminary freed from the root system, to the area selected on the logging area for delimbing and block cutting and hauling of logs to the loading point. The method is carried out using one timber-harvesting machine - forwarder. The forwarder is placed on a single pre-designed skidding trail. The obstruction dismantling by sequential movement of fallen and damaged trees preliminary freed from the root system to the selected area and delimbing and block cutting is performed by feller equipped with mechanised saw with a winch. The winch is mounted on the forwarder. Then the ready assortments using the same winch are moved to the area of operation of the manipulator of the forwarder to load them into the body of the forwarder to its complete loading. Before each shipment of logs to the loading point the selected area is filled using the winch of the forwarder with a stock of felled trees from the obstruction, sufficient to ensure continuous operation of the feller on the logging area for the period of absence of the forwarder.

EFFECT: method enables to reduce the costs of performing cleaning the wind-felling logging areas from the obstruction of fallen trees, to increase productivity, the method enables to harvest as quick as possible the timber and send it to processing, so that it does not lose its commercial properties.

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Description

The invention relates to the logging industry and can be used in methods of cleaning wind-cutting logging sites from the blockage of fallen trees.

Wind and windbreak areas of forests occupy large areas and cause great difficulties in their development. So, for example, in the Leningrad Region alone in 2010, 30,000 hectares were exposed to explicit wind-cutting, on which about 6 million m ^{3 of} wood grew. The task was that the cleaning of such areas should be carried out in a short period of 1-2 years, since such forests become a source of biological hazard for “raw” forests. In 2011-2012, about 20,000 hectares were equated to wind plots due to broken trees and cracked trees. The total volume of wood needed for removal from these sites has increased to 10 million m ³ - this is a large volume of logging for the Leningrad Region and for such a short period of time.

Timber harvesting at logging sites subject to wind-cutting is currently practically the same as logging technology in ordinary “raw” areas. However, the productivity of equipment in wind-cutting areas is reduced by 2-3 times due to difficulties associated with the analysis of debris from trees felled by the wind, the lack of preparatory dragging, the inaccessibility of sites (lack of access roads) and, very importantly, the lack of specialized highly mechanized equipment.

Existing harvesting equipment works well on conventional cutting sites, but is not suitable for removing log debris, for preparing and skidding broken wood. In addition, wind-sawing sites are located in remote areas with gullies, streams, swamps, which also impedes the operation of equipment, it takes a lot of time to maneuver the equipment. This reduces the productivity of forestry equipment by 2-3 times.

Recently, the following schemes for the development of cutting areas using the “harvester-forwarder” system of machines for harvesting assortments on thinning have been widely used: Ariko S.E., (BSTU, Minsk, RB) sergeyariko@mail.ru. Technologies of development cutting areas with application of system of machines in structure harvester and for-varder on cabins of leaving.

Felling of trees to be harvested, their removal from knots and logging into assortments is carried out by a feller-delimbing and logging machine (harvester), and the collection, loading and transportation of assortments to a loading point with their subsequent unloading and stacking is carried out by a loading and transport machine (forwarder).

The cutting area is divided into apiaries, the width of which is limited by the departure of the harvester hydraulic manipulator (up to 2 maximum departures), apiary ditches 3-4 m wide are laid in the middle of the apiaries. In order to exclude the turns of cars at the ends of apiaries and the damage to growing trees that occurs in this connection, which should be excluded, especially when carrying out thinning, apiaries are rounded with a turning radius of about 6-7 m.

There is a known method of harvesting timber at a forest cutting site (Belarus. Experts from Finland conducted a training seminar on the machine development of wind and windbreak areas in the Chaussky leskhoz, 08/12/2009, p.1 - prototype), including the use of a machine system consisting of a harvester containing a manipulator ( with a long boom of 8-10 m) and a harvester head and a forwarder for skidding assortments. With a harvester in the area where the manipulator can work, with the help of a harvester head, the root system is separated from the fallen trees, the trees are felled, they are cleared of branches, and they are dressed. The obtained assortments with the help of a forwarder manipulator are loaded into his body and skipped to the place of loading or reloading into a timber transport vehicle.

To work at the maximum reach of the harvester manipulator in the conditions of a tree blockage is, firstly, very dangerous, and, what is very important, the manipulator is not designed for lateral forces, which have to be resorted to in the analysis of blockages. It is sometimes not possible to get closer to a fallen or heaped tree. Therefore, the harvester must maneuver, freeing up the path to littered trees, which takes a lot of time. Often there is no possibility for maneuvers due to natural obstacles: a swamp, a steep slope, a stream, a ravine, etc.

The disadvantages of both technical solutions are low productivity due to the provision of a small service area during operation of the rotary manipulator and because of the need to continuously maneuver when performing analysis of wind-cutting blockages. In a word, the use of such an expensive machinery system of machines consisting of a harvester and forwarder, while reducing its productivity and the need for maneuverability to work on wind-cutting logging sites, is impractical.

The technical task of the invention is to reduce the cost of performing a method of cleaning wind-cutting logging sites from obstruction of felled trees by using only one forestry machine, namely a forwarder, as well as increasing productivity by improving the design of the used forwarder, which provides an increase in the service area, reducing the need for device maneuverability while maintaining its stability, as well as by ensuring the continuity of the process of analysis of wind-driven forest cial debris.

This goal is achieved by the method of cleaning wind-cutting logging sites from debris of fallen trees, including disassembling the debris by sequentially moving previously fallen and damaged trees previously cleared from the root system to a site selected on the cutting site for clearing them from logging and logging into assortments and skidding of assortments to a loading point , the method is carried out using one logging machine - forwarder, placed on a single previously developed by him draw, moreover, the analysis of the blockage by successively moving felled and damaged trees previously freed from the root system to the selected site and clearing them from knots and cutting by sorting is carried out by a logger equipped with a mechanized saw using a winch mounted on a forwarder, while the finished assortments are then transferred to the same winch in the area of operation of the forwarder manipulator for loading them into the body of the forwarder until it is fully loaded, and before each shipment of assortments to the loading point caustic forwarder selected filled stock pad felled trees from the dam, sufficient to ensure continuous operation in the cutting area during the absence of the forwarder.

The invention has the following differences from the prototype:

- the method is carried out using only one logging machine - forwarder, placed on a single previously developed by him draw;

- analysis of the blockage by sequentially moving felled and damaged trees previously freed from the root system to the selected site and clearing them from knots and logging by sorting is performed by a logger equipped with a mechanized saw using a winch mounted on a forwarder;

- the finished assortments are then transferred with the same winch to the forwarder's operating area for loading them into the forwarder body until it is fully loaded;

- before each shipment of assortments to the loading point, the forwarder’s winch fill the selected site with a supply of felled trees from the blockage, sufficient to ensure continuous work of the feller in the cutting area for the period of absence of the forwarder.

This will reduce the cost of performing a method of cleaning wind-cutting logging sites from falling trees due to the use of only one harvesting machine, namely a forwarder, as well as increase productivity by improving the design of the used forwarder, which increases the service area, reducing the need for maneuverability of the device while maintaining it stability, as well as by ensuring the continuity of the process of analysis of wind-blocking blockages.

In the patent information fund we reviewed, no similar technical solutions and solutions with the claimed combination of features were found.

The utility model is applicable and will be used in the industry in 2013.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a forwarder, side view;

Figure 2 is the same, a top view;

Figure 3 is the same front view;

Figure 4 - shows a diagram of the development of a wind-cutting forest cutting area.

The method is performed using the following device.

The forwarder 1 includes a running frame 4 consisting of a front 2 and rear 3 articulated parts, on which a cab 5, an engine 6, a rotary arm 7 with a grab 8 and a body 9 for assortments are mounted 10. The forwarder 1 is equipped with a rotary traction winch 11 with a cable 12 up to 100 m and checkers 13, moreover, the body 9 is mounted on the rear part 3 of the running frame 4, and on the front part 2 of the running frame 4, a rotary winch 11, a rotary manipulator 7, a cab 5 and an engine 6 are sequentially mounted, while the front part of the running frame is equipped with outriggers fourteen.

A rotary traction winch 11 is located on a rotary platform 15 mounted on the front part 2 of the running frame 4, and the rotary manipulator 7 has a rotary base 16. On the body 9 there is an end wall 17 of a lattice structure. Racks 18 are mounted on the body 9, protecting the assortments 10 immersed in the body 9. The front 2 and rear 3 parts of the chassis 4 are articulated using a mechanism 19.

A method of cleaning wind-cutting sites from debris of fallen trees is as follows.

To work on a wind-logging cutting area with a developed mustache 20, use the work of a logger 21, provided with a mechanized saw tool. Forwarder 1 develops die 22 and the feller selects a convenient place for processing timber 23, i.e., for example, platform 24, located on a dry, high place, located not far (up to 200 m) from loading point 25 (or loading assortments onto a timber truck with a manipulator ) Analysis of the blockage of trees is carried out by a feller using a cable 12 of a rotary traction winch 11.

If necessary, a feller, using a chainsaw, cuts off the root system from a fallen tree, including and fells the trees, using the traction cable 12 and the chokers 13, chooses the trees and gives the driver signal to the forwarder to turn on the winch 11. At the same time, the jammed trees are pulled out of the rubble to the site 24 selected for their processing, where the logger then cleans the trees from branches with a chainsaw and branches and trunks the stem to assortments 10 with a length of 4-6 m. Then, the logger chooses the resulting assortments 10 and gives a signal to turn on the winch 11.

Assortments 10 are pulled into the coverage area of the rotary arm 7 of the forwarder 1, the chokers 13 are removed from the assortments 10, and the assortments themselves are loaded using the rotary manipulator 7 of the forwarder 1 into its body 9. After filling the body with 9 assortments 10, the forwarder transports them to loading point 25, and Before each shipment of assortments to the loading point, winch 11 of forwarder 1 fills the site 24 selected for tree processing with a stock of fallen trees from the blockage, sufficient to ensure continuous work of the feller in the forest ke for the period of absence of the forwarder.

Thus, forwarder 1, equipped with a swivel winch with a cable of up to 100 m, from one convenient place can develop a cutting area of 2-3 hectares, on which 400-600 square meters ^{3 of} wood are concentrated.

Installation of a rotary traction winch 11 and a rotary manipulator 7 on the front part 2 of the running frame 4 i.e. in front of the cab, it increases the visibility for the forwarder driver, as well as the wide possibility of turning the manipulator 7 and the winch 11, equipped with a long cable with chokers, which provides an increase in the service area of the cutting area and a decrease in the need for maneuvers, therefore, it provides an increase in overall productivity. Supply of the front part of the running frame with outriggers ensures a stable position of the forwarder during its operation.

The ability of the forwarder to work simultaneously with both the rotary winch and the rotary manipulator allows to increase productivity, and if it is possible to install the forwarder in only one place, there is no need to maneuver along the cutting area.

Thus, the invention will reduce the cost of performing a method of cleaning wind-cutting logging sites from obstruction of felled trees by using only one logging machine, namely a forwarder, as well as increase productivity by improving the design of the forwarder used to increase the service area and reduce the need for device maneuverability while maintaining its stability, as well as by ensuring the continuity of the parsing process blockages. The technical solution allows you to harvest wood as quickly as possible and put it into processing so that it does not lose its commercial qualities.

Claims (1)

A method of cleaning wind-cutting logging sites from debris of fallen trees, including the analysis of the debris by successively moving previously fallen and damaged trees previously cleared from the root system to a site selected on the cutting site for clearing them from knots and logging into assortments and skidding of assortments to a loading point, characterized in that the method carried out using a single logging machine - forwarder, placed on a single previously developed by him draw, and the analysis for the shaft by successively moving felled and damaged trees previously freed from the root system to the selected site and clearing them from knots and logging by sorting is performed by a logger equipped with a mechanized saw using a winch mounted on a forwarder, while the finished sortings are then transferred to the coverage area with the same winch forwarder manipulator for loading them into the forwarder body until it is fully loaded, and before each shipment of assortments to the loading point, the forwarder and fill the selected site with a stock of felled trees from the blockage, sufficient to ensure continuous work of the feller in the cutting area for the period of absence of the forwarder.

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