RU2077837C1 - Method for preparing felling areas for powered curing cutting process - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: forestry. SUBSTANCE: method involves cutting out in apiaries, perpendicular to apiary technological passageways, trapezium-shaped areas allowing handling vehicles to be turned. Large base of each trapezium is positioned at one side of apiary passageway and is equal to doubled width of vehicle. Smaller base of trapezium has length equal to one and a half the width of vehicle. Height of trapezium or length of area is equal to vehicle length. Trapezium-shaped areas are positioned at distance of l(ar.)= $$$ one with respect to the other, where l (ar.) is space between areas, m; G is load capacity of vehicle, cub m; l is length of manipulator boom, m; U is curing cutting intensity, cub m/hectare. EFFECT: increased efficiency, improved quality of cleared areas and improved ecology. 2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to forestry, in particular to methods for preparing areas for thinning.

 A known method of logging (I), in which the feller-loader makes a working move, transporting a vehicle for itself, on which stacks the cut trees until it is fully loaded. A loaded trailer vehicle is transported by the tractor in the opposite direction to the truck. The empty vehicle is fed by the tractor in reverse, or the feller-loader returns idle to the parking place of the backup vehicle and, along with it, returns to the felling place along the same track.

 Since the organization of traffic in the known method is a system of logging mustache, the machine and tractor units make multiple passes along the same track, including in reverse with a trailer, which significantly affects the safety of the cover, rutting, soil compaction , and also reduces productivity.

 The method of preparing the areas for thinning (2), adopted as a prototype, includes a set of operations, including preparatory work, cutting logs, cutting (felling) to be removed from the tree stands, chopping knots on felled trees, pulling to the skid line, stacking in bundles , skidding and hauling harvested wood.

 The basis of almost all schemes of thinning is the breakdown of the territory of thinning by a skidding system into sections (apiaries).

 Apiary technological corridors (dragging) are laid, as a rule, perpendicular to the quarterly network parallel to each other, taking into account the direction of the subsequent removal of the harvested timber. Apiary technological corridors are connected to the loading point (upper warehouse) by main technological corridors, which are, most often, quarter glades. The technological network of each site is created in such a way that it is an integral part of a single technological network of the quarter.

 When arriving at the place of collection of wood, collecting and transporting it with lifting and transporting machines (or felling-transporting with feller-transporting machines), the unit moves in direct motion, since the large length of the lifting-transporting (felling-transport) machine and the limited width of the corridor do not allow it turn around. For the same reason, as well as the difficulty of maneuvering with a long-base machine in conditions with obstacles (stumps, felling, etc.), it is difficult to reverse in a distance of more than 15 20 m. All this from the point of view of operating machine and tractor units to irrational organization of movement, unjustified idle runs, multiple passes of the unit along one track, negatively affects the forest environment and reduces the productivity of work.

 The aim of the invention is to reduce the technological impact on the forest environment, increasing productivity during thinning.

где l_пл расстояние между площадками для разворота, м;
G грузоподъемность подъемно-транспортной машины, м³;
l длина стрелы манипулятора, м;
U интенсивность рубок ухода, м³га.The proposed method provides for the preparation of loading points, apiary and main technological corridors, as well as preparation (cutting) in apiaries perpendicular to the apiary technological corridor of trapezoidal platforms for turning the hoisting and transporting machine with a length (height) equal to its length, with bases adjacent to the apiary corridor, equal to two widths; one and a half widths of the machine remote from it, and the pads are spaced from each other at a distance determined by the expression

where l _{PL the} distance between the platforms for a turn, m;
G lifting capacity of the lifting and transporting machine, m ³ ;
l the length of the boom of the manipulator, m;
U intensity of thinning, m ³ ha.

 These essential features provide a solution to the problem and compliance with the inventive step.

 Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the proposed method differs in the preparation (cutting) of the trapezoidal platforms perpendicular to the apiary technological corridor for turning the lifting and transporting machine with a length (height) equal to its length, with bases adjacent to the apiary corridor equal to two widths remote from its one and a half the width of the machine, and the sites are located from each other at a distance determined by the proposed expression.

 The proposed method is the improvement of the known methods of preparing areas for thinning. Its implementation is technically possible, the application is real and economically feasible. This method will reduce the technological impact on the forest environment, which is especially important at present.

 The essence of the proposed method is illustrated in the drawing, which shows the technological network of the site and cut down areas for turning the machine.

Along with the designation on it of the distance l _PL between the platforms for a turn, the site parameters are indicated: l _{m the} length (height) of the site is equal to the length of the lifting and transporting machine; bases equal to two and one and a half widths of the machine B _m .

 The technological network of the site can be prepared in any known manner, both with the help of chainsaws and feller-delimbing-cutting machines (harvesters), while there is no need to remove the timber from the path of movement of the lifting and transporting machine. The lifting and transporting machine, moving along the apiary corridor, with the help of a manipulator collects and loads harvested wood both from the corridor and from the apiary. Since the distance between the platforms for the turn is determined based on the parameters of the machine and the intensity of thinning, then by the time of approach to the site the body of the lifting and transporting machine will be filled. Carrying out a turn of the machine at the site, the operator directs it to the loading point, where it is unloaded. After unloading, the hoisting machine returns in its wake to the place of collection and loading of wood. The process is then repeated. Owing to the predominantly direct movement of the forest environment, less damage is caused and the traveling speed increases, i.e. performance.

 The parameters of the trapezoidal platforms length (height) and the base, equal to two and one and a half widths of the machine, are due to the minimum possible area required for the machine to turn around.

With the intensity of thinning 40 m ³ / ha, the length of the boom of the manipulator 5 m and the lifting capacity of the lifting machine 5 m ^{3, the} distance between the platforms for a turn will be 125 m. As the calculation shows, the area of cut areas for a turn per 1 ha will not exceed 0.3 therefore, it will not significantly affect the stock of wood.

Sources of information
Copyright certificate 965397, cl. A 01 G 23/08, 1982.

 Giltz N.R. and other. Simple logging. M. L.P. 186, p. 33-36.

Claims (2)

 1. The method of preparing the cutting area for machine cutting, including the breakdown of the cutting area in apiaries, preparation of loading points, apiary and main technological corridors, characterized in that in apiaries perpendicular to the apiary technological corridor, platforms are cut in the form of trapeziums for turning hoisting-and-transport machines, and the larger base of each trapezoid is located on one side of the apiary corridor and is equal to twice the width of the machine, the smaller base of the trapezoid is equal to one and a half width of the machine, and the height from the trapezoid or the length of the platform is equal to the length of the machine. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the sites are located from each other at a distance
l _{p l} G / 2lU,
where l _{p l the} distance between the sites, m;
G lifting capacity of the lifting and transporting machine, m ³ ;
l the length of the boom of the manipulator, m;
U the intensity of thinning, m ³ / ha