RU2479200C2 - Method of creation of covering with runners on sites with low bearing capacity of soils - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method includes felling, skidding and delimbing of trees, covering the runners with wood wastes. The trees felled by a felling-skidding-processing machine are skidded to track of the runner, putting them with their butts to the track of the runner. Then using the felling-skidding-processing machine the delimbing of trees is carried out and cross-cutting of trees to timber assortments that are placed on the opposite side of the runner. The branch timbers and the tops of the trees are laid on the track of the runner. Then, using a forwarder the sorting and piling of assortments is carried out, and the forwarder moving on laid wood wastes compacts them. After the end of tree skidding, their cross-cutting and laying branch timbers and the tops in the covering of the runner on one side of the runner all the operations are repeated which are carried out using felling-skidding-processing machine and the forwarder on the opposite side of the runner.

EFFECT: method does not require much labor costs and provides a reduction of costs for the construction of the runners with low bearing capacity of soils.

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Description

The scope of the invention is logging, in particular the construction of temporary forest roads (whiskers) coated with wood waste.

Currently, several methods are used to construct temporary forest roads in areas with low soil bearing capacity.

1. In an area where there is a sufficient amount of road-building materials (primarily gravel) and the transportation of gravel materials is economically advantageous, after cleaning the road lane from vegetation and cutting stumps flush with the ground, a gravel mixture of the required thickness is laid in the mustache, which after compaction serves as a fairly reliable coating [1].

The disadvantage of this method of constructing temporary roads is that in the absence of gravel deposits in a sufficiently close proximity to the temporary timber road, the construction of such a coating (made of gravel materials) requires high transportation costs and ultimately leads to an increase in the cost of the road to economically unacceptable limits.

2. In the absence of gravel materials within the economic affordability, as a mustache pavement, a continuous flooring or lay flooring made of wood, inventory collapsible plates or wheeled lines can be used [1]. It should be noted that the device of whiskers with lying and inventory collapsible coating is very expensive. In order to reduce the length of the mustache with such a coating, logging enterprises are forced to increase the distance of skidding, as a result of which the productivity of logging machines, especially forestry machines (skidders with cable-eye equipment, tractors with a manipulator, felling and skidding machines, forwarders, skidders) is reduced.

3. To reduce the cost of building a mustache with low bearing capacity of soils, a method for building a mustache with a coating of wood waste was proposed. This method found application after most branches were completely mechanized in the 80s of the 20th century.

The coating device is as follows. After felling, skidding of trees at the loading area, the knots are trimmed with machines LP-30, LP-33. The branches and tops remain on the loading platform in a concentrated form, after which the LP-23 or LT-168 machines transport the wood waste to the mustache track, where they are laid in the coating and compacted when skidding tractors pass.

The disadvantage of this method is that the transportation of wood waste and laying it in the cover of temporary logging roads (whiskers) requires large labor costs and time-consuming operation of the LP-23, LT-168 or other machines of a similar purpose, since the density of wood waste is low (0 , 2-0.25 t / m ³ ). This reduces the effectiveness of this method of creating coverage for temporary logging roads (whiskers) and leads to a significant increase in the cost of paving.

4. The second option - a device for covering a mustache from wood waste using the LP-30B and LP-33 machines for trimming branches, is as follows. Tractors with cable accessories and tractors with manipulators skim trees to the mustache track beyond the peaks; Trees are stacked with the top of the mustache. The delimbing machine, moving along the mustache path, is pulling the trees, while the boughs are laid in the mustache cover, and the whips are stacked on the other side of the road with clumps to the mustache. In the process, delimbing machines condense the branches. Transportation is carried out by road trains with manipulators. After loading and hauling whips, trees stacked on the other side of the road are stacked on the vacant spot. The delimbing machine drags trees again, laying the whips on the opposite side, and the branches and peaks in the covering of the mustache [2]. There are limitations when working on this technology. Skidding is carried out only with the tops forward, which excludes the use of packers (skidders) and felling and skidding machines on skidding. In addition, when working on the mustache track, in comparison with work on the loading platform, the performance of delimbers is sharply reduced.

The technical result of the proposed method for creating a coating of whiskers with low bearing capacity of soils is to increase productivity and reduce the cost of building temporary roads (mustaches) in areas with low bearing capacity of soils.

This is achieved by the fact that the trees felled using the felling and skidding processor (VTPM) trees are skimmed to the mustache path, laying them with knots to the mustache path, then the VTPM cuts the knots and cuts the trees into assortments that are laid on the opposite side of the mustache, and the knots and the tops of the trees are laid on the mustache track, then, using the forwarder, sorting and stacking of the assortments is carried out, and the forwarder, moving along the laid wood waste, compacts them, and after the end of the skidding of the trees, their bucking and stacking and twigs vershinok in whisker coating on one side whisker repeated any operations VPTM forwarder and, on the opposite side whiskers.

The technology of work is shown in figure 1, where 1 - VTPM, 2 - trees tilted towards the mustache track, 3 - assortments, 4 - covering the mustache from wood waste, 5 - forwarder; 6 - road train-sortimentovoz.

It is most rational to use a felling-skidding processor (HTM) [3] to create a mustache cover from wood wastes, equipped with a harvester head, a manipulator and a clamping cone. VTPM 1 brings down trees 2 and moves them to the mustache or main drag track, laying them with knots to the road. After that, moving along the whisker track, VTPM 1 cuts the knots and cuts the whips into assortments 3, while the twigs and tree tops - wood waste 4 are laid on the mustache track, and assortments 3 are laid on the opposite side of the road.

After that, the forwarder 5 sorts and stacks assortments 3, moving along the mustache route along the wood waste 4, compacting them. After skidding trees, bucking them and laying twigs and tops in the covering of the mustache on one side of the mustache, the same work is done on the opposite side of the mustache. This technology provides the creation of a coating of a mustache from wood waste 4, ensuring the passage of articulated sorted trains 6 with cargo, as well as reducing the average distance of skidding.

In the proposed method, wood waste is delivered to the mustache track in the course of the main work of the HTM and laid in the same coating. In the proposed method of coating using VTPM, the productivity of the tree felling cycle is increased - sorting and stacking of assortments, as well as on the laying of wood waste in the mustache coating.

The calculations carried out at PetrSU show that when working in comparable conditions, the productivity per person-day for the complex of tree felling operations is stacking of assortments in the cutting area, compared with the currently most productive set of machines consisting of a harvester and forwarder performing the same cycle of work , increases by 1.25-1.3 times. For example, the productivity of this tree felling cycle — sorting and stacking assortments with a set of machines as part of a harvester and forwarder under the conditions typical for Karelia (average volume of a whip 0.25-0.3 m ³ , reserve per ha 140-170 m ³ ) is 47-49 m ³ , and productivity per person-day when using VTPM and forwarder 55-57 m ³ . When using other machine complexes, productivity per person-day is even lower.

List of references

1. Automobile forest roads: a reference book / L.S. Matveenko. - M .: Forest industry, 1982. - 264 p.

2. Shegelman I.R., Skrypnik V.I., Galaktionov O.N. Technical equipment of modern logging. - SPb .: PROFI-INFORM, 2005 .-- 344 p.

3. RF patent for utility model “Feller-skidder processor” No. 94111, registered in the State register of utility models of the Russian Federation on May 10, 2010

Claims (1)

A method of creating a mustache cover in areas with low bearing capacity of soils, including felling, skidding and pruning of tree branches, covering the mustache with wood waste, characterized in that the trees felled using a felling-skidding machine are skidded to the mustache track, laying them with knots to the track mustache, then felling and skidding processor machines cut the knots and cut the trees into assortments, which are laid on the opposite side of the mustache, and knots and tree tops are laid on the mustache track, then from with the help of the forwarder, sorting and stacking of assortments is carried out, and the forwarder, moving along the stacked wood waste compacts them, and after the end of skidding of trees, their logging and laying twigs and tops in the covering of the mustache, on one side of the mustache repeat all operations performed by felling and skidding-processor machine and a forwarder, on the opposite side of the mustache.

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