RU2492630C2 - Method of cable logging of wood - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method lies in cable logging of timber from the apiary of the developed felling area in semi-suspended position along the route of the track cable of the cable-block system located between the rear and front masts located on opposite sides of the apiary. The front mast is mounted on the boom of the hydraulic manipulator mounted on the self-propelled chassis turntable platform, oriented transversely to the longitudinal axis of the apiary. Trailed timber is stacked at the loading point in the area of positional parking of the self-propelled chassis. After filling the timber stacks on the positional parking of the self-propelled chassis it is at easing the cables tension of the cable-block system moved to the next positional parking in the transverse direction to this apiary and in pulling the cables of the cable-block system the timber is trailed along the route of the track cable re-oriented at an acute angle to its previous route. Formation of the timber stack on the loading point is carried out in the area of the subsequent positional parking of the chassis. Logging of timber and its stacking from the apiary at each positional parking of the self-propelled chassis is carried out at a constant position on the rear mast fixed on the felling area with anchor extensions in accordance with the orientation route of the track cable on the first positional parking of the self-propelled chassis.

EFFECT: method increases the efficiency and productivity of the technological process when the cable logging of timber with large areas of developed felling areas with soft soil.

5 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to technologies and techniques for logging and can be used by logging and forestry enterprises producing timber by clear cutting mainly in flat conditions.

For the implementation of logging, preparatory work is carried out to prepare the cutting areas for logging, the device of dragging, loading points and other works provided for by the technological process of harvesting wood. When carrying out technological operations, they cut, fell or cut trees, cut trees and cut branches, and the wood prepared as a result of these operations in the form of trees, whips or assortments is felled from the area of the developed cutting area to loading points. When carrying out logging processes in the flat terrain, as a rule, they use hand-held, gasoline-powered tools, fellers, feller bunchers, feller-delimbers and loggers (harvesters), as well as traction vehicles (tracked or wheeled) with skidding equipment, loaders .

However, when skidding wood with traction vehicles, more than half of the energy spent by them is spent on moving along the soil-bearing surface of the vehicle itself and on rutting, which leads to irrational energy consumption for skidding of wood and a significant violation of the ecology of the forest environment, especially in conditions of weakly bearing soils.

Part of these shortcomings is deprived of the technological process of harvesting wood with its skidding from the cutting area by means of cable plants.

The main technological operations during cable skidding of wood from the area of the developed cutting area consist in installing a cable installation with a head mast and rear mast on this cutting area, in installing a cable-block system with a bearing, traction return ropes connected to a load-carrying working body with chokers for wood hitching, and the subsequent skidding in a semi-suspended or suspended position to the loading point in the head mast placement area (SU, copyright certificate N 688360, class B61B 7/00, 1979).

Installation for the implementation of the described process includes a head and rear masts, a winch with traction and return ropes, guide blocks with supports for their installation, a load-carrying working body. The maximum skidding distance carried out by these installations is limited by the height of the masts, the installation parameters for the route loading of the load-carrying working body.

Also known is the technological process of rope skidding of timber from the developed cutting area, which consists in skidding from the apiary of the developed cutting forest in a semi-suspended or suspended position along the track of the supporting rope of the cable block system located between the rear and head masts located on opposite sides of the apiary, the last of which is mounted oriented in the transverse direction to the longitudinal axis of the apiary, in the stacking of wood at the loading point in the area with oyanki motor vehicle (see the cable installation ML-139 (see http://www.mir-lzm.ru/;.. patent US №4440305, publ 1984 YG)..

These technological processes are implemented during the development of cutting areas on sloping surfaces, as well as during the development of cutting areas with poorly bearing soils, preferably waterlogged, which provides the necessary forestry requirements for environmental friendliness of harvesting operations.

However, when implementing these technical solutions, rope skidding of wood is carried out:

- with a significant number of installation and dismantling works, due to the fixation by anchor extensions of the self-propelled chassis for stability and orientation of the head mast in the direction of the timber skidding track;

- with the constant need to select sufficiently tall and strong trees for the installation of rear masts and very laborious manual installation of guide blocks and working ropes on them.

As a result, the efficiency and productivity of the technological process is significantly reduced, which is significant with significant areas of the developed cutting areas, especially with poorly bearing soils.

The technological process of rope skidding of wood is known, which consists in skidding from the apiary of the developed cutting area of timber in a semi-suspended state along the track of the carrier rope of the cable block system located between the rear and head masts located on opposite sides of the apiary, the last of which is mounted on the boom of the self-propelled platform mounted on a boom the chassis, oriented in the transverse direction to the longitudinal axis of the apiary, stacked at a loading point in no positional parking the motor vehicle strelevannyh timber (see. Timber merchants magazine, №1 (2), ris.1.45, publ. January-February 2009, including http://www.Lesopromyshlenmk.ru// site).

The specified technical solution is selected as the closest analogue of the claimed invention.

The use of a self-propelled chassis wood with a head mast mounted on a boom of a hydraulic manipulator mounted on a rotary platform for this cable skidding reduces labor costs by orienting the head mast in the direction of the cable of the cable block system and, in comparison with the above technical solutions, does not require fixing the self-propelled chassis with anchor stretch marks.

However, with the technology being implemented:

- the possibility of skidding of timber from significant areas of apiaries and with significant skidding distances is not provided, which is especially important when developing cutting areas on weakly bearing soils;

- skidding of timber from the next apiary requires a new full-volume installation of the guide blocks of the rope-block system on the next rear support located on this apiary.

These shortcomings generally reduce the efficiency and productivity of the process.

The technical result of the invention was to increase the efficiency and productivity of work with rope skidding of wood from the developed cutting areas on weakly bearing soils.

To achieve the technical result, a rope skidding method is proposed, which consists in skidding from the apiary of the developed cutting area of timber in a semi-suspended state along the track of the carrier rope of the cable-block system located between the rear and head masts located on opposite sides of the apiary, the last of which is mounted on the boom of the hydraulic manipulator on the turntable of a self-propelled chassis oriented in the transverse direction to the longitudinal axis of the apiary, in bleaching at a loading point in the area of the positional position of the self-propelled chassis of the timbered timber, while after filling the stack of timber on the positional position of the self-propelled chassis, it is moved to the next position parking in the transverse direction to this apiary when the ropes of the cable-block system are loosened and, with subsequent tensioning of the cables of the cable-block system skidding of timber along the rope route, reoriented at an acute angle to its previous route, from using a stack of timber at a loading point in the area of the next positional landing gear, while skidding and stacking of timber at each positional parking of the self-propelled chassis is carried out at a constant position of the rear mast, fixed on the longitudinal axis of the apiary with anchor extensions in accordance with the orientation path of the carrier rope at the first positional parking self-propelled chassis.

According to the invention, the rear mast is placed on a base movable relative to the dirt surface of the cutting area.

According to the invention, with the complete accumulation of piles of timber at the apiary loading point with the cables fully weakened, the rear mast and the self-propelled chassis with the head mast are moved in the transverse direction to the next apiary, while the first positioned parking of the self-propelled chassis with the head mast is carried out at the border of the next apiary adjacent to the inner border of the previous apiary, and the rear mast is parked at the end of the longitudinal axis of the new apiary.

According to the invention, the skidding of timber from the next apiary and stacking them at the loading point of this apiary is carried out by sequentially moving the self-propelled chassis from its specified border to the border of the next apiary and with the angular reorientation of the tracks of the supporting rope with a fixed position of the rear mast relative to this apiary of the cutting area, corresponding to the first position parking self-propelled chassis on it.

According to the invention, a sled base is used as the base for placing the rear mast, the movement of which with the rear mast is carried out using a manual drive winch installed in the next apiary.

As a result of the implementation of the invention, the efficiency of the technological process during logging of wood is significantly increased from significant areas of the developed cutting areas and, which is especially important, in conditions of poorly bearing soils:

- by increasing the area of the apiary available for skidding and the volume of timbered timber from each parking lot of the cable installation with the simultaneous formation of a stack of timbered timber at the loading point of the apiary, the entire length of the apiary, which allows the necessary technological operations at the loading point without technological downtime of the cable installation ;

- reduced the amount of necessary installation and dismantling work when relocating the cable installation to subsequent neighboring apiaries.

In the analysis of the prior art, no technical solutions have been identified that have a set of features similar to the claimed technical solution that ensure the implementation of the claimed technical result, which indicates the compliance of the claimed technical solution with the criteria of the invention: “novelty”, “inventive step”, which is confirmed by the description of the invention below.

The invention is illustrated by graphic materials, where:

Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of rope skidding of wood from the developed cutting area;

Fig. 2 - a general view of the technological equipment used in cable skidding of wood from the developed cutting area.

For skidding of wood from the developed cutting area, a mobile rope installation is used, which contains:

self-propelled chassis 1 (preferably tracked), the equipment of which contains a hydraulic manipulator 2 (used as part of forestry machines) located on the turntable. On the boom of the hydraulic manipulator 2, a head mast 3, a winch 4 of the drive of the cable block system, guide blocks for the traction, support and return ropes, which are mounted on the head mast 3 and the rear mast 5, are installed. The rear mast 5 is mounted on the sledge base 6, which makes it possible to move it on the dirt surface of the cutting area. To move the rear mast 5, it is preferable to use a manual winch 7. The cable block system is equipped with a load-carrying working body in the form of a carriage with a cargo rope and a set of checkers 8.

The equipment of the cable installation also includes a system of anchor extensions 9 and 10, respectively, for fixing the rear mast 5 on the developed cutting area and for permanent fixing of the head mast 3 relative to the self-propelled chassis when it is positioned parking.

The placement of the head mast 3 on the boom of the hydraulic manipulator 2, located on the turntable of the tracked chassis 1, ensures the orientation of the head mast in the direction of the skidding track of wood.

The mobile rope installation is also equipped with remote control devices for the load carriage and radio communications (not shown in the figure).

The use of remote radio-controlled systems provides controllability of the cable installation at a considerable distance from the operator of the cable installation of the choker, which carries out the attachment of timber to the carriage freight rope.

The technological process of rope skidding is carried out in the following sequence:

- the developed cutting area is divided into apiaries 11, preferably of rectangular shape, on which the timber is prepared in the form of trees, whips or assortments with the direction of their orientation at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the apiary. The harvesting of wood in apiaries during the development of cutting areas with poorly bearing soils in the summer is carried out using hand-held gasoline-powered saws, if the use of forestry machines is not possible under the conditions of patency of the equipment.

When developing a cutting area, on one side, apiaries arrange a driveway for moving the cable car and driving up the forest transport, along which, from the side of the developed cutting area, a loading point is equipped with stub places and dead ends. The width of the loading point is set at least the average height of the stand on the developed cutting area, and the length is taken equal to the width of the developed apiary.

A self-propelled chassis 1 with a head mast 3 is installed on the access road in the area of the outer border 12 of the apiary 11, the first relative to subsequent movements of the self-propelled chassis 1.

On the side of the apiary, opposite the driveway, set the rear mast 5 with fixing it with anchor extensions 9. The rear mast 5 is installed on the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the I-I apiary. On the guide blocks of the head mast 3 and rear mast 5, the ropes of the cable block system and the carriage with the cargo rope and chokers are mounted.

From the apiary of the developed cutting area they skim the pre-harvested wood in the form of trees, whips or assortments in a semi-suspended state along the route 13 of the bearing rope of the cable block system located between the rear apiary apices 5 and the head 3 masts, the last of which is mounted on the boom of the hydraulic manipulator 2 installed on the rotary platform of the self-propelled chassis 1, oriented in the transverse direction to the longitudinal axis of the apiary. Shot timber is stacked at a loading point in the area of the first positioned parking of the self-propelled chassis.

After filling the pile of timber at the positional parking of the self-propelled chassis 1, when the tension of the cables of the cable block system is weakened, it is moved to the next position parking in the transverse direction to this apiary and when the cables of the cable system are tensioned, the timber is skidded along the path 14 of the carrier cable, reoriented at an acute angle “α” to its previous route 13, with the formation of a stack of timber at a loading point in the area of this positional parking of the chassis (Fig. 1). The self-propelled chassis is moved to the next position as the stack is filled under the load-bearing rope or to release the front of work carried out at the loading point.

Logging and stacking of wood from the apiary at each positional position of the self-propelled chassis 1 is carried out at a constant position of the rear mast 5 fixed on the cutting area with anchor extensions 9 in accordance with the orientation track 13 of the support rope at the first positional position of the self-propelled chassis.

After all the wood from apiary 11 is jerked with the ropes completely relaxed, the rear mast 5 (by means of a hand winch 7) and the self-propelled chassis with the head mast 3 are moved in their transverse direction to the next apiary 15 (11) of the developed cutting area. Moving the self-propelled chassis with the main mast to the next apiary 15 (11) is carried out to its border 16 adjacent to the inner border of the previous apiary 11. Timber skidding from the next apiary 15 (11) and stacking it on the loading point of this apiary is carried out by sequentially moving the self-propelled chassis from its specified boundary 16 to the border of the subsequent apiary with angular reorientation of the tracks of the supporting rope and the fixed position of the rear mast relative to this apiary of the cutting area corresponding to the first positional parking amohodnogo chassis on it.

If necessary, skimmed wood at a loading point is processed or loaded in raw form (using loading means) onto timber transport vehicles for transportation to places of consumption.

Thus, the implementation of this invention increases the efficiency and productivity of the technological process for rope skidding of wood with significant areas of the developed cutting areas with poorly bearing soils or in hard-to-reach areas and is achieved:

- reduction of seasonal unevenness in the harvesting and transportation of wood in the forestry sector due to the involvement of cutting areas with poorly bearing soil and in inaccessible terrain, which are not possible to use in the summer with tractor skidding due to terrain conditions;

- reduction of ecological damage to the forest environment due to the preservation of the soil cover and undergrowth of valuable forest species with semi-suspended rope skidding of wood and a decrease in the area occupied by skidding by increasing the width of the apiary;

- reduction of energy costs for skidding of wood compared with tractor skidding, as it excludes the movement of skidding in the cutting area and rutting on weak bearing soils.

Claims (5)

1. The method of rope skidding of wood, which consists in skidding from the apiary of the developed cutting area of timber in a semi-suspended state along the route of the carrier rope of the cable block system located between the rear and head masts located on opposite sides of the apiary, the last of which is mounted on the boom of a hydraulic manipulator mounted on a rotary platform mounted on a rotary platform the chassis, oriented in the transverse direction to the longitudinal axis of the apiary, stacked at a loading point in the positional parking zone with the mobile chassis of the arrowed timber, in this case, after filling the stack of timber at the positioned parking of the self-propelled chassis, when the tension of the ropes of the cable block system is weakened, it is moved to the next position parking in the transverse direction to this apiary and when the cables of the cable block system are pulled, the timber is skidded along the path of the carrier rope, reoriented under the load-bearing cable, reoriented under the load-bearing cable acute angle to its previous track, with the formation of a pile of timber at a loading point in the area of the next position landing gear, while skidding and stacking from the apiary at each positional position of the self-propelled chassis is carried out at a constant position of the rear mast fixed on the cutting area with anchor extensions in accordance with the orientation path of the support rope at the first positional position of the self-propelled chassis. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the rear mast is placed on a base moved relative to the dirt surface of the cutting area. 3. The method of claim 1, characterized in that after all the wood is tilted from the apiary to the loading point, the rear mast and the self-propelled chassis with the head mast when weakening the ropes tension are moved in the transverse direction to the next apiary of the developed cutting area, with the first positional parking is carried out at the border of the next apiary adjacent to the inner border of the previous apiary. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the skidding of wood from the next apiary and stacking at the loading point of this apiary is carried out by sequentially moving the self-propelled chassis from its specified border to the border of the next apiary with the angular reorientation of the tracks of the carrier rope and the fixed position of the rear mast relative to of this apiary of the cutting area corresponding to the first positional parking of the self-propelled chassis on it. 5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that a sled base is used as the base for placing the rear mast, the movement of which with the rear mast is carried out using a manual drive winch installed in the next apiary.

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