RU2515137C2 - Method of creation of microclimate under plastic cover for rooting of cuttings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of creation of microclimate under plastic cover for rooting of cuttings relates to the field of agriculture and may find application in propagation of plants by grafting and in growing plants under cover. Air heating under the cover is carried out due to the heat removal from the upper part of the cover by spraying water collected in the container in the form of atmospheric precipitations from the outer surface of the cover and in the upper inner part of the plastic cover. At that the positive temperature gradient between the basal and apical parts of the cuttings is achieved, which has a beneficial effect on rooting.

EFFECT: method of creation of microclimate enables to reduce costs for rooting of cuttings by reusing precipitations while simultaneous increasing yield of the product per unit of the area.

1 ex

Description

The present invention relates to the field of agriculture and can find application in the propagation of plants by cuttings, as well as in growing plants in protected ground.

A known method of regulating the microclimate in greenhouses (RU, 2159539, A01G 9/24), based on heating during summer cooling by pumping gas in a tank of liquid heaters, which reduces the temperature in the hot season, releasing compressed gas into the greenhouse. The main disadvantage of this method is the high cost of creating a microclimate in a greenhouse.

Closest to the proposed invention in terms of essential features, taken as a prototype, is the method described in patent RU No. 2118487, A01G 13/02, 1998, in which to protect the seedlings from frost use natural air exchange under cover from a transparent material.

The disadvantage of this method is the insufficient heating of the soil, which leads to the death of planting material, increasing the cost of production.

The objective of the invention is to reduce the cost of rooting cuttings, water and energy conservation while increasing output from a unit area.

The problem is achieved in that in the method of creating a microclimate in a film shelter for rooting cuttings, including creating a positive temperature gradient between the basal and apical parts of the cuttings, a positive temperature gradient between the basal and apical parts of the cuttings is created by moving heat from the upper part of the film shelter to the basal parts of cuttings by spraying accumulated precipitation in the upper inner part of the shelter and from the outer surface of the shelter.

We found that this method of creating a positive temperature gradient between the basal and apical parts contributes to the rooting of cuttings, because this creates optimal conditions for the development of plants. In the proposed method, the heating of air in the upper internal and external parts of the shelter is carried out due to the energy of the sun. Spraying water on the outside of the film shelter makes it possible to cool the upper part of the shelter space, while heating, water flows down into the tank with pumps, being an additional heat source for the basal part of the cuttings. Spraying water in the upper inner part of the shelter also removes heat and transfers it to the basal part of the cuttings. In this case, the upper space of the shelter and the apical part of the cuttings are cooled.

Multiple circulation of water makes it possible to significantly increase the temperature under the landing boxes with cuttings.

The system is replenished with rainwater by draining precipitation from the shelter surface into a tank equipped with pumps, one for supplying water to the outer surface of the shelter, the other for spraying inside, in the upper part of the shelter.

An example of the method.

Testing of the proposed method was carried out on the territory of the forest experimental dacha named after K.A. Timiryazev. The experiments were carried out in three cultures in 6-fold repetition.

Green or lignified cuttings of edible honeysuckle, buckthorn buckthorn, western thuja in the amount of 420 pieces of each crop were planted in planting boxes using peat: sand - 1: 1, and they were installed (5 planting boxes per square meter) under a film shelter equipped with capacity for the accumulation of atmospheric precipitation (rainwater).

Heated air under the shelter was carried out due to the energy of the sun. In the process of rooting cuttings, the accumulated precipitation was sprayed inside the film shelter, in its upper part and on the outside of the shelter. Water, warming, drained from the outer side of the film shelter, accumulated in a tank with pumps, giving off heat to the basal part of the cuttings, while cooling the upper part of the greenhouse space. Spraying water in the inner part of the film shelter also made it possible to remove heat and move it to the basal part of the cuttings.

In this case, the upper space of the film shelter and the apical part of the cuttings were cooled. The basal part of the cuttings due to heat removal from the upper internal and external parts of the shelter received additional heating. This achieved a positive temperature gradient. Replenishment of rainwater was carried out due to its draining from the surface of the shelter into a tank with pumps.

Similarly, cuttings of the indicated cultures were planted in 420 pieces each for rooting under a film cover with natural air exchange (the closest analogue).

Rooting Results:

1. Edible honeysuckle: 420 cuttings per square meter in each repetition were planted, rooting averaged 400 per square meter. The increase in the rooting percentage in relation to the closest analogue was 30%.

2. Buckthorn is pear-shaped: planted - 420 cuttings per square meter in each repetition, 380 pieces per square meter are rooted. The increase in the rooting percentage in relation to the closest analogue was 20%.

3. Western thuja: planted - 420 cuttings per square meter in each repetition, rooting averaged 380 pcs. per sq.m. The increase in the percentage of rooting in relation to the closest analogue was 15%.

At the same time, high quality planting material was observed.

Findings. The proposed method can significantly reduce the cost of rooting cuttings and get a high yield of quality products per unit area with a shortage of water and electricity, using only precipitation when rooting cuttings. The method makes it possible to completely abandon the central water supply and the intermediate water supply tank and save 36 kWh per day on this.

For a greenhouse with an area of 600 m ² with natural air exchange during rooting, 18 m ^{3 of} water is required for 12 hours.

Claims (1)

A method of creating a microclimate in a film shelter for rooting cuttings, including creating a positive temperature gradient between the basal and apical parts of the cuttings, characterized in that a positive temperature gradient between the basal and apical parts of the cuttings is created by moving heat from the upper part of the film shelter to the basal part of the cuttings by spraying accumulated precipitation in the upper inner part of the shelter and from the outer surface of the shelter.