RU2504728C1 - Armored transport complex - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: proposed complex comprises armored vehicle with engine, transmission, running gear with propulsor, weapons and armored capsule. Said capsule is equipped with engine, transmission and running gear, that is, it is composed another armored vehicle coupled with the first one by coupling assy. Said capsule thrusts against the first armored vehicle by its running gear. Note here that said capsule accommodates the crew and allows the complex and its own control in independent mode.

EFFECT: higher safety, independent evacuation of the crew in armored capsule from the first armored vehicle.

6 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to tank building, specifically to armored ground transportation systems, intended mainly for counter-terrorism or military operations on built-up areas.

To carry out anti-terrorist or military operations on built-up areas, armored vehicles and transport systems are used [RU 2270111 C1, B60R 1/00, 02.20.2006; RU 2405689 C2, B60R 1/00, 01/20/2010; RU 2176199 C1, B60R 1/00, H04N 7/18, G08G 1/04]. In case of their defeat by the enemy or other failure, the surviving and wounded crew members are evacuated on foot or on their own, with the involvement of other, third-party technical means.

At the same time, transport complexes consisting of an armored vehicle (for example, a tank or tanks) and a transport vehicle with a trailer trailer for its delivery to the place of an anti-terrorist or combat operation are known, including the option “tank No. 1 directly on the tractor and tank No. 2 on a trailer in urban conditions ”[A. Kikhtenko Successes and failures of the “special artillery” // http: //www.waronline.orq/write/riis-maqestv-tank/chapter2.html, Fig. “Transportation of FT-17 tanks in a FU vehicle with a trailer. Poland"].

At the same time, however, the transport vehicle (truck-tractor), and even less the trailer, do not even have bulletproof armor protection.

Closest to the claimed invention by purpose and combination of design features (prototype) is an armored ground transportation complex ("Highly protected tank with a crew of two people"), containing an armored vehicle with an engine, transmission, propulsion, armament and inhabited armored capsule mounted on it [RU 2138004 C1, F41H 7/02, 09/20/1999].

In it, the capsule is located in the central part of the vehicle between the engine-transmission and combat compartments and is equipped with a crew control system (main tank) from the specified capsule.

In the prototype, the capsule is configured to accommodate the entire crew and the ability to control the complex (machine) from it and the ability to support it within certain limits in terms of time and external influences from the enemy and environmental contamination.

However, such a device, with all its advantages, does not allow autonomous (that is, independent, without technical assistance from the outside) evacuation of the crew from the specified vehicle after it was defeated by the enemy or otherwise failed. Only "under its own power" under fire, or on armored vehicles that came from the side, or towing a car by another vehicle, and only then the crew will be evacuated without leaving the capsule. Which is far from always possible. But at the same time towing by an enemy vehicle is not excluded!

In addition, it is necessary to apply special design measures to enhance mine resistance, requiring additional armor volumes and worsening the overall dimensions of the complex (machine).

The task to which the claimed invention is directed is to increase the safety and survivability of the crew of the ground transportation complex in combat and other emergency conditions by ensuring the possibility of independent (that is, without assistance) evacuation of armor.

The technical result in accordance with the task is achieved due to the fact that in an armored ground transportation complex containing an armored vehicle (uterus machine) with an engine, transmission, propulsion, weapons and inhabited armored capsule mounted on it, the latter is equipped with its own engine, transmission and chassis with propulsion, that is, made in the form of another armored vehicle with the possibility of its autonomous evacuation from the specified first machine (uterine machine).

The technical result is also achieved due to additional design features (when formulated above the main set of features):

- the capsule can be configured to accommodate the crew (all or part) of the complex and the ability to control from the capsule both the complex as a whole and the evacuated capsule offline (this provides the most complete safety and survivability of the crew, since it is evacuated without leaving "Workplace", remains approximately in the same conditions of the internal space of the capsule as in the normal mode, in any case, with regard to key figures, for example, a senior manager in a staff car);

- at least two seats for crew members with a driver’s function can be installed with their opposite orientation in the longitudinal vertical plane of the complex or with the possibility of such (this optimizes the separation of functions between crew members in all operating modes and meets ergonomic requirements: during regular operation, a member the crew, located last in the rear of the complex, performs the function of the second shooter and the second driver when the complex is moving in reverse, which corresponds to its orientation space "back"; the evacuation he is, without changing its spatial position, serves as the first driver evakokapsuly and sitting behind him - the arrow evakokapsuly both - in this easy-to-intact "boxer" position);

- part of the capsule’s armor can be part of the outer armor of the complex as a whole (this substantially unloads the armor plates of the uterus machine, reduces the total mass of the complex, and facilitates crew communications);

- the capsule can be installed in its rear part, with the possibility of evacuating backward with its forward motion (this is optimal from the position of the capsule's protection, and therefore the crew, with a predominantly frontal location of the probable enemy, and in both modes: during normal operation and during evacuation, since the evacocapsule is being evacuated back under the “flesh cover” of the failed armored vehicle, moreover, possibly behind a natural smoke screen);

- the capsule can be installed on the main armored vehicle by means of a detachable docking station (this provides a relatively more reliable fixation of the capsule on the uterus machine in the normal mode);

- the capsule can be installed on the machine (uterine machine) by means of longitudinal guides with reduced resistance to movement of the evacuated capsule relative to the machine (uterine machine), which reduces the likelihood of “jamming”, “rubbing” of the capsule during its evacuation.

- the undercarriage of the capsule can be made wheeled with a variable ground clearance (this contributes to the best mass-dimensional characteristics of both the capsule itself and the complex as a whole, and also facilitates and expands the possibility of fixing the capsule on the uterine machine: there is an additional possibility of rapid height adjustment “By surprise” due to variable ground clearance, or even simply an increase in pressure in the pneumatic tires; and the latter help to reduce fluctuations inside the capsule and mine resistance);

- with the previous set of features, the complex may contain an upper capsule lift limiter and be able to additionally fix the capsule on the machine (uterine machine) due to the force stop of the capsule in the specified limiter with a partial increase in ground clearance relative to its minimum value (this helps to strengthen the technical result inventions according to the previous paragraph);

- at least part of the armament of the complex can be installed on the capsule (this allows you to save part of the armament in the evacuation mode, increases the "employment" of the armament of the complex within both modes).

Among the known devices and methods, no such combination of essential features would coincide with the claimed combination of features. At the same time, it is due to the latter that a new technical result is achieved.

In more detail the essence of the invention is disclosed in the following implementation example and is illustrated by drawings, which show:

figure 1 - transport complex, side view in a transport position with partial cuts;

in Fig.2 - the same, in standalone capsule (that is, when the machine and capsule are in separate position), either before loading it on the machine, or when unloading it, including evacuation (emergency separation from the damaged or damaged machine in order to save the crew )

The inventive armored ground transportation complex contains an armored vehicle 1, mainly for military and / or reconnaissance or command purposes, which is an expansion vehicle with a functional purpose (“uterine machine” 6) with an engine 2, a transmission 3, and a running gear with a propulsion device mounted on it 4 (here - tracked, with a front arrangement of driving wheels, five support rollers and three support rollers, a steering wheel and an elastic mechanical uncontrolled suspension), arms 5 (in this case, a 30 mm rapid-fire gun and / or container rockets) and a habitable armored capsule 6.

Capsule 6, according to the present invention, which is broad in functionality for evacuation (“evacocapsule” 6), is equipped with its own engine 7, transmission 8 and chassis 9 with propulsion 10 (in this case, wheeled with four-wheel drive - 4 × 4, with hydropneumatic guided suspension 11 with variable ground clearance K in the range from K _min to K _max mainly in a bulletproof version), armament 12 (in this case, an external machine gun).

That is, capsule 6 is made in the form of another armored vehicle with the possibility of its independent, autonomous evacuation from the uterine machine 1, with the formation of a single transport complex 1, 6, as well as self-loading onto the uterine machine 1.

Capsule 6 is configured to accommodate all or most of the crew of complex 1, 6 (in this example, two - 13, 14, or three people in the respective seats 15, 16) with the ability to control it as a complex as a whole, and the evacuated capsule 6 directly from her. For this purpose, in particular, optical observation devices 17, 18, 19, 20 are provided. For better controllability of the uterine machine 1 and the transport complex 1, 6, it is possible in principle to place one (driver 21 in the seat 22) - two people outside the capsule 6 with the possibility of replanting it into capsule 6 during evacuation in it.

In a preferred embodiment, at least two seats - 15 and 16 for crew members 13, 14 with a driver function are installed with the possibility of their opposite orientation in the longitudinal vertical plane of the complex 1, 6.

Part of the armor of capsule 6 in this case is part of the external armor of complex 1, 6 as a whole, which applies primarily to the roof of capsule 6 (see figure 1). Placing other armor walls of the capsule 6 behind the armor walls of the uterus 1 allows to reduce the protective requirements for the latter. The option with the complete overlap of the armor plates of the capsule 6 with the armor sheets of the uterus 1 (not shown) is also possible.

The capsule 6 is installed mainly in the rear of the complex 1, 6 with the possibility of evacuating the capsule 6 back with its forward stroke (to the right in FIG. 2). In this case, the back wall 23 of the uterus 1 is hinged (from a remote drive with a latch or from a squib with a latch) in the form of a ramp on a hinge assembly 24.

The capsule 6 can be installed on the main armored vehicle-uterus 1 by means of a detachable docking unit 25-26 (structurally similar to the known coupling devices - clamps in land, rail, space and other vehicles).

In addition, the capsule 6 is installed on the uterine machine 1 by means of longitudinal guides 27 and rollers 28, 29 with reduced resistance to movement of the evacuated capsule 6 relative to the uterine machine 1.

Moreover, it contains an upper limiter (its upper part 30 is shown) for raising the capsule 6 (by controlling the suspension 11, that is, by increasing the ride height to the "transport" or otherwise "fixing" value K _tr > K _min ), made with the possibility of additional fixing the capsule 6 on the uterine machine 1 due to the force stop of the capsule 6 in the specified limiter.

Of course, the specific travel of the suspension 11, the gaps between the capsule body 6 and the limiter (30 and others), fixing-unlocking in the docking unit 25-26, the input of the rollers 28, 29 into the guides 27 (and their shape) and the exit from them must be coordinated with the kinematics of the entry and exit of the capsule 6 on the ramp 24, which requires a certain clearance. Suspension control 11, at least in emergency evacuation mode, is supposed to be automated (as part of the control system of complex 1, 6).

There are communications for the crew (including the side door (s) 31 and hatches not shown in the wall of the capsule 6 opposite the seat 22 if there is such a hatch in the roof of the capsule 6) and a life support system (filter-ventilation unit, etc.), which does not fundamentally differ from the known .

The described example of a specific embodiment does not exclude other possible variants of the device within the scope of the claimed combination of essential structural features (see the claims).

The inventive device operates as follows.

Capsule 1 in the transport complex 1, 6 is located on the uterine machine 1 (see figure 1) in a fixed position, mainly due to:

- friction forces between these objects;

- included clamps due to the "spacer effect" with increased ground clearance to its value K _Tr > K _min and / or increased air pressure in pneumatic tires;

- included docking station 25-26.

Crew 13, 14 controls the entire transport complex 1, 6 (together with other crew members - 21, if any) thanks to a unified (common) control system, assuming the presence of an “on-board electrical connector, for example, in the docking unit 25-26. The movement is carried out by devices 2-4. Observation of the environment is carried out through monitoring devices 17-20. The combat mission is performed using the primary 5 and additional 12 weapons.

The presence between the bottom of the uterine machine and the seats 15, 16 crew members 13 and 14, respectively, of the chassis 10 of the capsule 6 with its elastic elements, as well as another bottom - the bottom of the capsule, significantly improves the smoothness of the transport complex and increases mine resistance.

In the event that the enemy incapacitates or fails for other reasons, the uterine machine 1 fails while maintaining a well-protected capsule 6 (which is more likely in a frontal battle), the crew performs emergency evacuation directly in evacuation capsule 6, as in a ground vehicle, Now it’s not in passive mode, but in active (autonomous, independent) operational mode.

Evacuation involves:

- monitoring the status of the system (mainly the performance of capsule 6 devices);

- the movement, if possible, of the member (s) of the crew 21 in the capsule 6;

- bringing the devices 7-10 in working condition (with the engine 7);

- undocking from the uterine machine 1 (including the release in the device 25-26 and exit from interaction with the limiters 30, etc. by forcibly reducing the ride height K);

- unlocking and folding on the hinge 24 in the ramp 23 in its working position (see figure 2);

- task (by means of controlled hydropneumatic suspension 11) of the ground clearance K required to exit the vehicle 1 via ramp 23; the introduction of the rollers 28, 29 in the guides 27 (if any);

- assignment of the main driver function to a person 14;

- the actual movement of the evacocapsule 6 in the car 1, the exit from the ramp 23 and further movement away from danger with the possible use of weapons 12.

In the event of the subsequent failure of the enemy and capsule 6, the crew is evacuated from it through the door (s) 31 and / or the sunroof.

The use of the invention allows to increase the safety and survivability of the crew of the ground transportation complex in combat and other emergency conditions, by ensuring the possibility of independent (i.e., unaided) evacuation of armor directly in the same capsule from which the complex was controlled.

Claims (6)

1.Armored ground transportation complex containing an armored vehicle with an engine, transmission, chassis with propulsion, weapons and a habitable armored capsule equipped with its own engine, transmission and chassis with propulsion, i.e. the capsule is made in the form of another armored vehicle of this complex, which is connected with the first of the mentioned machines with a detachable docking station, with the ability to control the complex from the capsule and autonomous evacuation from the complex, yuschiysya that the second of these armored vehicles - capsule - is set on the first of these armored vehicles, with emphasis in it its chassis. 2. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that part of the capsule’s armor is part of the outer armor of the complex as a whole. 3. The complex according to claim 2, characterized in that at least two seats for crew members with a driver function are installed with their opposite orientation in the longitudinal vertical plane of the complex or with the possibility of such. 4. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the capsule is installed in its rear part with the possibility of evacuation back with its forward stroke. 5. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the capsule is mounted on the first of the mentioned armored vehicles by means of longitudinal guides with reduced resistance to movement of the evacuated capsule relative to the first machine. 6. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the chassis of the capsule is made wheeled with variable ground clearance, while the complex has an upper limiter for lifting the capsule with the possibility of additional fixation of the capsule on the first armored vehicle due to the force stop of the capsule in the specified limiter with partial increased ground clearance relative to its minimum value.

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