RU2617016C1 - Ground transport complex with on-board self-propelled evacuation capsule - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transportation.

SUBSTANCE: ground transport complex with on-board self-propelled evacuation capsule contains a vehicle comprising a housing, power plant with an engine, a transmission, a propulsion device and equipment, and an onboard self-propelled evacuation capsule, which also includes a housing, power plant with an engine, transmission, propulsion device and equipment, with the possibility of an autonomous crew evacuation in the evacuation capsule of this vehicle. Power plants with engines of vehicles and self-propelled evacuation capsule are constructively and functionally partially integrated, with the placement of part of the vehicle power plant in the evacuation capsule, with the possibility of using this part to move selectively both the vehicle itself and the evacuation capsule that separated from it.

EFFECT: possibility of crew evacuation by a self-propelled evacuation capsule.

4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to transport machinery and military equipment, specifically to armored ground transportation systems, designed primarily for counter-terrorism or military operations in a built-up area, with the possibility of mechanized evacuation of the crew.

To carry out anti-terrorist or military operations on built-up areas, armored vehicles and transport systems are used [RU 2270111 C1, B60R 1/00, 02.20.2006; RU 2405689 C2, B60R 1/00, 01/20/2010; RU 2176199 C1, B60R 1/00, H04N 7/18, G08G 1/04]. In case of their defeat by the enemy or other failure, the surviving and wounded crew members are evacuated on foot or on their own, with the involvement of other, third-party technical means.

At the same time, transport complexes consisting of an armored vehicle (for example, the main tank) and a transport vehicle with a trailer trailer for its delivery to the place of the anti-terrorist or combat operation are known, including the option “tank number 1 directly on the tractor and tank number 2 on a trailer in urban conditions ”[A. Kikhtenko The successes and failures of the “special artillery” // http: //www.waronline.orq/write/riis-maqestv-tank/chapter2.html, Fig. “Transportation of FT-17 tanks in a FU car with a trailer. Poland"].

At the same time, however, the transport vehicle No. 1 (truck-tractor) and even more so the trailer do not even have bulletproof armor protection, and the fundamental possibility of evacuating the crew of vehicle No. 1 in the event of its defeat on the transported vehicle No. 2 does not imply a crew transfer “for armor” ".

In the field of armored vehicles, the concept of an armored vehicle (tank) has taken root, with the entire crew being placed in a capsule located either in the central [RU 2138004 C1, F41H 7/02, 09/20/1999], or in the bow of the vehicle [RU 2274819 C1, F41H 7 / 00, 04/20/2006]. In both configurations, the capsule is designed to accommodate the entire crew and the ability to control the complex (machine) from it and the ability to support it within certain limits in terms of time and external influences from the enemy and environmental contamination.

Such a device, however, does not allow autonomous (that is, independent, without technical assistance from the outside) evacuation of the crew from the specified vehicle after it was defeated by the enemy or otherwise failed. Only under its own power under fire, or on armored vehicles coming from the side, or towing a vehicle with another vehicle, can the crew be evacuated without leaving the capsule. Which is far from always possible. But at the same time towing by an enemy vehicle is not excluded!

In the field of rehabilitation equipment, land transport complexes are known consisting of a carrier vehicle (car or motor vehicle) - No. 1 and a wheelchair - No. 2 with its on-board temporary placement on carrier No. 1 [RU 2179938, B62D 39/00, 63 / 00, 02.27.2002].

Obviously, in this case, in principle, there is no question of evacuation “behind the armor” in extreme conditions.

Closest to the claimed invention by purpose and combination of design features (prototype) is a ground transportation complex with an onboard (on board the uterus machine) self-propelled evacocapsule, containing, firstly, a vehicle, which includes a body, a power plant with engine, transmission, propulsion and equipment, and, secondly, the onboard self-propelled evacocapsule, which also includes a hull, a power plant with an engine, transmission, propulsion and equipment, with the possibility of the autonomous evacuation of the crew on an evacuation capsule from the specified vehicle [RU 2504728, F41H 7/00, 01/20/2014].

In the prototype, the vehicle and the evacocapsule traditionally have their own completely independent power plants with engines, with the placement of both of them respectively within the vehicle and evacocapsule.

In private constructive versions of the patented prototype device:

- the capsule is configured to accommodate the crew (all or part) of the complex and the ability to control from the capsule both the complex as a whole and the evacuated capsule offline;

- part of the body (armor) of the capsule may be part of the body (armor) of the complex as a whole;

- the capsule is connected to a vehicle on which a docking unit with mechanical and electrical parts is installed in its passive mode.

The technical solution adopted for the prototype is aimed at improving the safety and survivability of the crew of the ground transportation complex in combat and other emergency conditions by ensuring the possibility of independent (that is, without assistance) evacuation "behind the armor" - using self-propelled (self-escaping) armored evacuation capsule.

In particular, the capsule can be installed in the rear of the complex with the ability to evacuate back forward.

However, with all its obvious advantages over previous technical means, the prototype is still not perfect enough: like all the above analogues, each vehicle in the transport complex - No. 1 (main vehicle) and No. 2 (self-propelled evacocapsule) is equipped with its own individual power plant with transmission (drive), which leads to a significant increase in weight and size and cost indicators (relatively speaking, their "doubling"). In this case, most of the total operating time of the complex, the evacocapsule drive is not used, and the crew evacuation on the capsule (separation of it from the complex) may not be required and will not be realized at all. What is normal (and thank God!) For such rescue equipment, for example, by analogy with the bailout in military aviation.

The task to which the claimed invention is directed is to improve the tactical, technical and economic characteristics of a land transport complex with an onboard self-propelled evacocapsule by reducing the total weight and size and cost indicators of the chassis of both its components - the main and additional (self-propelled evacocapsule) vehicles.

The technical result in accordance with the task is achieved due to the fact that in a ground transportation complex with an onboard self-propelled evacuator capsule, which contains, firstly, a vehicle, which includes a body, a power plant with an engine, transmission, propulsion and equipment, and, secondly, an onboard self-propelled evacocapsule, which also includes a hull, a power plant with an engine, transmission, propulsion device and equipment, with the possibility of an autonomous evacuation of the crew to evacuation capsules e from said vehicle, power plants with vehicle engines and self-propelled evacocapsules are partially combined structurally and functionally, with at least a part of the vehicle’s power plant being placed in the evacocapsule, with the possibility of using this part to selectively move both the vehicle itself and and the evacocapsule that separated from it.

The technical result is also achieved due to additional design features (when formulated above the main set of features):

- a power plant with an engine and a transmission of evacocapsules can be located in the latter, made electrically and electromechanically, respectively, and include an electric energy storage device electrically connected to each other, for example, an electric storage battery, and at least one reversible electric machine - an electric motor-generator (this is a relatively simple special case of the claimed combination of essential features, in which, however, there will be a significant gain in mass overall and economic indicators of the transport complex, especially with electric wheels, since a rechargeable or other battery as an energy storage device is a rather heavy and / or overall component of a power plant and the complex as a whole, while there is an undeniable need for it for both vehicles complex, and not only for power engines, but also for starter, lighting, heating, power equipment and for energy recovery in some operations ion modes);

- the combination of the power plants of the vehicle and the self-propelled evacocapsule can be made in the form of a combined electromechanical power plant and transmission, with a heat engine, for example, an internal combustion engine installed outside the evacocapsule and connected to the vehicle propulsion by a mechanical or hydromechanical part of the transmission, also located outside the evacocapsule, and at least one electric motor generator located in the evacocapsule and mechanically connected removable with the aforementioned heat engine, mechanically detachable with an evacuator capsule mover and electrically with an electric energy storage device, for example an electric battery, while at least the electric energy storage device is also located in the evacocapsule (this will even more exert a positive effect from the claimed technical solution - will reduce the mass, dimensions and cost of the transport complex), since while maintaining the previous effect, it is possible to save in the layout and on the “socialization” of the other th unit (s) - a reversible electric machine, which is a motor-generator), since otherwise the electric or electromechanical transmission evakokapsuly inevitably "swell" because natural bulky traction electric motors;

- the capsule can be installed in the front of the complex, with the possibility of separating it from the vehicle forward with its forward stroke (unlike any other layout solution, especially the “central location”, this will greatly simplify the construction of the complex and, accordingly, will favorably affect weight and size and cost its performance plus on the reliability and efficiency of evacuation by means of an evacuation capsule, and also, to a certain extent, will justify the forced rear location of the motor-transmission department Nij as the vehicle and evakokapsuly).

Among the known devices and methods, no such combination of essential features would coincide with the claimed combination of features. At the same time, it is due to the latter that a new technical result is achieved.

In more detail the essence of the invention is disclosed in the following implementation example (an armored complex similar to the prototype for its intended purpose - military and / or reconnaissance or command purposes, which, in its broad functional purpose, is a transport machine ("uterine machine")) and is illustrated by drawings, on which are presented:

in FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a transport complex, a particular embodiment with an electric motor-wheels of an evacocapsule and placement of an electric energy storage device common to the evacocapsule and the vehicle in the latter, plan view (top) in the transport position;

in FIG. 2 - the same, a private option with a combined power plant and transmission and placement in the evacuation capsule common for the evacuation capsule and vehicle electrical energy storage and electric motor generator.

The ground transportation complex contains vehicle 1 and an onboard (in the sense of relying on vehicle 1, and not on the ground, as, say, a trailer) self-propelled (self-escaping) evacocapsule 2.

The composition of the vehicle 1 includes: an armored hull 3, a power plant with a heat engine (mainly ICE) or another engine 4 plus an electric generator 4g, transmission 5, mover 6 (mainly tracked) and equipment (not shown).

The structure of the vehicle’s self-propelled evacocapsule 1 includes: an armored hull 7, a power plant with an electric energy storage device 8 (mainly an electric battery), a transmission 9, mainly a left 9l and a right 9p electric motor gearboxes (or, when classifying motors as a “power plant, - their gear part or port reducers - see Fig. 1, or central electric motors - see Fig. 2), propulsor 10 (mainly wheeled) and equipment (only jobs for crew 11 are shown).

The possibility of autonomous evacuation of the crew on evacuation capsule 2 from vehicle 1 is provided.

Power plants with the engines 4 of the vehicle 1 and the self-propelled evacocapsule 2 are partially combined structurally and functionally. This is the main distinguishing (from the prototype) design feature of the claimed device of the transport complex.

At the same time, at least part of the power plant of vehicle 1 is located in evacocapsule 2 with the possibility of using this part to selectively move (by the crew) both the vehicle 1 and the evacocapsule 2 separated from it (see below for a description of the operation of the device )

Particular variations are possible and envisioned here, two of which are presented in FIG. 1 and 2.

According to the first option (see Fig. 1), a power plant with engines 9, evacocapsules 2 are located in the latter (i.e., in evacocapsule 2), is made electric and includes an electric energy storage device 8 electrically connected to each other (for example, an electric battery battery), two mounted on the sides, in particular in wheels 10, reversible electric machines - electric motor-generators 9 (either one central electric motor-generator 9 or just an electric motor / electric motors).

According to the second option (see Fig. 2), the combination of power plants of the vehicle 1 and self-propelled evacocapsule 2 is made in the form of a combined electromechanical power plant 4, 8 and transmission 5, 9, with a heat engine 4, for example, an internal combustion engine installed outside of evacocapsule 2 and connected with the propulsion device 6 of the vehicle 1 mechanical or hydromechanical part of the transmission 5, located also outside the evacuation capsule 2, and at least one electric motor generator 9 located in the evacuation capsule 2 and connected by a fur detachably (mechanical connector 12, for example a friction clutch) with a heat engine 4, mechanically detachable (mechanical connectors 13, 14, for example friction clutches) with a propulsion unit 10 of an evacocapsule 2 and electrically (cable 15) with an electric energy storage device 8, for example, an electric battery . At the same time, at least the electric energy storage device 8 is also located in the evacuation capsule 2. In this embodiment, the generator 4g is no longer necessary (therefore, it is not shown in Fig. 2).

As in the prototype, part of the armored hull 7 of the evacocapsule 2 is part of the armored hull of the complex as a whole, which relates primarily to the roof of the evacocapsule 2 (for the sides, see the front parts of the side sheets of the hull 3 in dashed lines). Placing other armored walls 7 of the evacocapsule 2 behind the armored walls 3 of the vehicle (“uterine machine”) 1 reduces the protective requirements for the latter. The option with the complete overlapping of the armor plates with 7 armor plates 3 (not shown) is also possible.

Evacocapsule 2 is installed in the front (bow) part of the complex with the possibility of separation from the vehicle 1 forward with its forward motion on wheels 10).

Again, similarly to the prototype, the evacocapsule 2 is installed on the vehicle (on the uterus machine) 1 by means of a detachable docking unit 16 and latches 17, 18 (structurally similar to known coupling devices - latches in land, rail, space and other vehicles).

In addition, the evacocapsule 2 is installed on the vehicle 1 by means of longitudinal guides, with reduced resistance to movement of the evacuated evacocapsule 2 relative to the vehicle 1 (not shown, similar to the prototype).

There are communications for the crew and a life support system (filter-ventilation installation, etc.), which does not fundamentally differ from the known ones (also not shown).

The described example of a specific embodiment does not exclude other possible variants of the device within the scope of the claimed combination of essential structural features (see the claims).

The inventive device operates as follows.

Evacocapsule 2 as part of the transport complex 1 + 2 is located on the vehicle (“uterine machine”) 1 (see Fig. 1, 2) in a fixed position, mainly due to the friction forces between these objects, the connected docking unit 16, latches 17, 18 and others (see prototype).

The crew manages the entire 1 + 2 transport complex (together with other crew members, if any) thanks to a unified (common) control system that assumes the presence of an “on-board” electrical connector, for example, in a normally connected docking station 16. Movement is carried out using devices 4-6 (main mode) or (in the second constructive embodiment of FIG. 2) 8, 9, 5, 6 — additional, standby mode with parallel electromechanical drive of the propulsion device 6. Observation of the environment is carried out through observation devices, mainly Twain optoelectronic (not shown). The combat mission is carried out using weapons and / or other special equipment.

When the engine 4 is operating, the connector 12 is turned on and the connectors 13, 14 are turned off, it is possible due to the power free from the drive to the mover 6 to recharge the electric energy accumulator 8, as well as energy recovery from the mover 6, for example, on long descents on the ground.

In the event that the enemy incapacitates or fails for other reasons, vehicle 1 fails while maintaining a well-protected evacuation capsule 2 (which is more likely in a frontal battle), the crew carries out emergency evacuation directly in evacuation capsule 2 as in a ground vehicle, now in passive mode, and in active (autonomous, independent).

Evacuation involves:

- monitoring the status of the system (mainly the operability of the capsule 2 devices);

- disconnecting the connector 12, bringing the devices 8, 14 into working condition (with the inclusion of the electric motor-generator 9 in the "electric motor" mode;

- undocking from the vehicle (“uterine machine”) 1 (including unlocking in devices 16, 17 and 18);

- the organization of the conditions for the exit of the evacocapsule 2 from the vehicle 1 to the ground (for options, see, for example, a prototype);

- turning on the connectors (friction clutches) 13, 14 and, when the motor generator 9 is operating in electric mode and is powered by drive 8, the actual movement of evacocapsule 2 forward by vehicle 1, exit onto the ground in front of vehicle 1 and further movement ( maneuver) away from danger with the probable use of crew members' own or small arms.

With autonomous movement of evacocapsules in certain road conditions (for example, prolonged steep descents), it is also possible to implement a recovery mode.

In the event of the subsequent incapacitation of the enemy and evacocapsule 2, the crew will be evacuated from it through the door (s) and / or sunroof (s) in the roof.

The use of the invention allows to improve the tactical, technical and economic characteristics of a ground transportation complex with an onboard self-propelled evacocapsule 2 by reducing the total weight and size and cost indicators of the chassis of both its components - the main and additional (self-propelled evacocapsule 2) vehicles 1 and 2.

Claims (4)

1. Land transport complex with an onboard self-propelled evacuator capsule, containing, firstly, a vehicle, which includes a hull, a power plant with an engine, transmission, propulsor and equipment, and, secondly, an onboard self-propelled evacocapsule, which also includes a hull, a power plant with an engine, transmission, propulsion device and equipment, with the possibility of an autonomous evacuation of the crew on an evacuation capsule from a specified vehicle, characterized in that the power plants are driven The vehicle and self-propelled evacuator capsules are partially combined structurally and functionally, with at least a portion of the vehicle’s power plant being placed in the evacuator capsule to be able to use this part to selectively move both the vehicle itself and the evacuated capsule separated from it. 2. The ground transportation complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the power plant with the engine and the transmission of the evacocapsule are located in the latter, are made electric and electromechanical, respectively, and include an electrical energy storage device electrically connected to each other, for example, an electric storage battery, and, at least one reversible electric machine - an electric motor-generator. 3. The ground transportation complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the combination of the power plants of the vehicle and the self-propelled evacocapsule is made in the form of a combined electromechanical power plant and transmission with a heat engine, for example, an internal combustion engine mounted outside the evacocapsule and connected to a mechanical vehicle propulsion or hydromechanical part of the transmission, also located outside the evacocapsule, and at least one electric motor generator, located ennym in evakokapsule and connected detachably mechanically to said internal combustion engine, a propeller detachably mechanically and electrically evakokapsuly accumulator of electric energy, such as electric battery, wherein at least the electrical energy store is also located in evakokapsule. 4. The ground transportation complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the capsule is installed in front of the complex with the possibility of separation from the vehicle forward forward.

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