RU2479983C1 - Method of increasing net reproduction of meristematic potato tubers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular, to seed farming of potato when preparation of improved planting material. The method includes removal of parts of plants, their disposition and treatment with a stimulating agent. When propagating of minitubers in vessels they are taken out after 50-55 days, then the substrate is added with silicon-containing fertiliser soaked preliminary in a 0.2% aqueous solution of iodine and 0.1% of selenium in an amount of 10-12% of the total volume. The plants with disposed tubers are placed in the same vessels, sprouting them during 2-3 weeks.

EFFECT: method enables to simplify the technology, and also increases the amount of planting material.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to seed production of potatoes, and may find application in the preparation of healthy planting material.

There is a method in which meristemic tubers are grown on peat-sawing substrates, alternating temperature and lighting. When planting in open ground, seedlings are treated with a solution of heteroauxin (patent No. 2187222 from 08.20.2002).

The disadvantage of this method is the complexity associated with the regulation of light and temperature conditions, treatment with a growth stimulator.

There is a method in which propagated healthy potato plants by planting sprout cuttings and further processing them with a 1% solution of a biological product and a 1-3% solution of mineral fertilizers, followed by planting in paper cups with the addition of a nutrient substrate based on zeolite (patent No. 2206976, published June 27, 2003).

Its disadvantage is the high consumption of tuber plastic substances necessary for seedling production and the limited ability to obtain rooted cuttings or pieces of tubers with sprouted eyes and sprouted mini-tubers.

A technical solution is also known where mini-tubers are planted to a certain depth with an optimal feeding area. At the same time, it was revealed that mini-tubers should be planted with a weight of 0.25-1.5 g as a valuable planting material in primary seed production (Journal of Achievements of Science and Technology of the AIC. No. 6 - 2011).

However, in the known method, the planted mini-tubers in open ground are exposed to viral diseases, as a result of which the reproduction rate of obtaining healthy planting material is reduced.

The closest technical solution is a method in which the multiplication coefficient is increased due to an incision in the apical part of its alienation, and when treated with a thiourea solution in the dark at a certain humidity and the appearance of etiolated second-order sprouts, the tubers are planted in the soil (patent No. 2415558 of November 17, 2009 )

The disadvantages of the prototype method are the following: growing sprouts under different light and temperature conditions, making incisions in the apical part, treating the sprouts with stimulants, planting the sprouts in the soil.

All these techniques complicate the method, increase the cost of its implementation. In addition, planted sprouts in the soil undergo various diseases.

EFFECT: simplified technology, reduced costs, increased coefficient of propagated planting material of promising varieties.

The technical solution of the claimed object is that when multiplying mini-tubers from seedlings in vessels, mini-tubers are extracted after 50-55 days, after which the substrate is supplemented with silicon-containing fertilizer in an amount of 10-12% of the total volume, previously moistened with 0, 2% aqueous solution of iodine and 0.1% selenium, and re-place the plants in their places of growth with removed tubers, germinating them for another 2-3 weeks.

The method is as follows.

Silicon-containing fertilizers - zeolite-like clays (for example, Irlit 1 with a pH of 7.0 in the North Ossetian deposit) contains more than 50% silicon, which helps to accelerate plant growth, enhances metabolism and, most importantly, increases the immunity of plants, their resistance to viral diseases , being a prolongator (gradually giving away). Irlit1, soaked in an aqueous solution of iodine and selenium, provides nutrients to potato plants.

Removal of tubers extracted after 50-55 days contributes to the better development of stolons, which additionally after 2-3 weeks give mini-tubers 2-3 times more than at the first disposal.

Iodine affects the respiration of plants, especially in the initial phases of development, that is, after alienation of tubers, respiratory gas exchange increases. A positive effect of iodine on nitrogen metabolism and water regime was noted, enhancing photosynthetic activity and increasing the content of vitamin ascorbic acid.

Under the influence of iodine feeding, the number of mini-tubers increases. The rationale for the selected parameter (0.2%) is explained by the need for potatoes in this element in the initial period of growth.

Selenium takes part in chlorophyll formation reactions. This element has an ontogenetic effect on the absorption and transport of heavy metals by plants, and increases resistance to water stress.

Iodine and selenium are not antagonists in aqueous solution and, penetrating into a zeolite-containing clay, which has a prolonging property, penetrate into the roots of plants, enhance the intensity and development.

Example 1

Prepared a substrate for pots at the rate of 12 kg, containing 2 parts (6 kg) of soil, 1 part (3 kg) of humus and 1 part (3 kg) of sand. From the total amount of substrate (1.2 kg), 1 part was selected, adding (2.4 kg) 2 parts of peat. Plants obtained from test tubes were planted in such a substrate, one in each vessel (pot).

After 50 days, the plant was removed from the vessel (pot) and the formed tubers weighing 100-130 g were removed. 360 g of Irlit 1, previously soaked in a 0.2% aqueous solution of iodine, were additionally introduced into the pot with a mass of substrate (3.6 kg). 0.1% selenium; after 15 days, newly formed tubers with a weight of 120-160 g were additionally extracted.

Example 2

A substrate was prepared as in the first example. After 55 days, the resulting small tubers were removed from the plants in each vessel. Supplementing the substrate in an amount of 432 g (12%) of Irlit 1 per vessel, plants with removed tubers were planted and removed after 20 days.

Example 3

Plants obtained from test tubes were planted in the prepared substrate (as in the first example), and after 52 days the formed tubers were removed. Irlit in the amount of 380 g, previously moistened in an aqueous solution of 0.2% iodine and 0.1% selenium, was placed at the place of removal of the plant. After 18 days, the additionally formed tubers were removed.

The data obtained are summarized in a table.

Experience Options The number of tubers in the vessel after 50-55 days, pcs. Repeated removal of tubers after 15-20 days, pcs. Reproduction rate, pcs. 1. Control, substrate (without the addition of irlite) 3.2 4.3 7.5 2. The substrate with the addition of irlite 8-9% 7.2 7.3 10.6 3. Irlit 10-12% soaked in iodine solution 6.4 4.7 11.1 4. Irlite 10-12% soaked in a solution of selenium 7.1 7.6 14.7 5. Irlite 10-12% + selenium 0.1% + iodine 0.2% 7.6 8.6 16,4

Therefore, the removal of tubers with an additional enrichment of the substrate with a silicon-containing substance, previously soaked in iodine and selenium solution, provides an increase in the number of seed tubers by 118%.

Claims (1)

A method of increasing the multiplication coefficient of potato meristemic tubers, including removing parts of plants, alienating them, treating them with a stimulant, characterized in that when the mini-tubers are propagated in vessels, they are extracted after 50-55 days, after which the substrate is supplemented with silicon-containing fertilizer in an amount of 10- 12% of the total volume previously moistened in a 0.2% aqueous solution of iodine and 0.1% selenium, and plants with alienated tubers are placed in the same vessels, germinating them for another 2-3 weeks.