CN110698252A - Nutrient solution for cruciferous vegetable hydroponics and application - Google Patents
Nutrient solution for cruciferous vegetable hydroponics and application Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
The nutrient solution comprises 6.8-7.1mmol/L of nitrogen, 4.9-5.1mmol/L of potassium, 0.95-1.0mmol/L of phosphorus, 1.22-1.28mmol/L of calcium, 0.95-1.0mmol/L of magnesium, 0.12-0.14mmol/L of ferrum, 0.009-0.01mmol/L of manganese, 0.0002-0.0003mmol/L of copper, 0.048-0.053mmol/L of boron, 0.005-0.0055mmol/L of zinc, 0.0003-0.00033mmol/L of molybdenum and 1.0mmol/L of sulfur, wherein the raw material containing nitrogen comprises NH4 +-N and NO3 ‑-N, and NH4 +‑N/NO3 ‑The value of-N is from 0.10 to 0.18. The nutrient solution formula provided by the invention solves the problem that the growth speed of cruciferous vegetables is low under a general formula in an indoor artificial light environment at present.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, and particularly relates to a nutrient solution for cruciferous vegetable hydroponics and application thereof.
Background
Cruciferous vegetables are vegetables which are named after cruciferous corolla and mainly comprise Chinese cabbage, mustard and the like, and the varieties are very rich. The family has important economic value and is greatly changed and introduced to human beings, and a plurality of varieties and cultivars are vegetables which are eaten by people in daily life. It has been reported that recipes comprising cruciferous plants can prevent a variety of common diseases. However, cruciferous vegetables can synthesize mustard oil with higher concentration, and pieris rapae and the like have chemotaxis on the mustard oil, are extremely easy to be damaged by diseases and pests in outdoor cultivation, and because the cruciferous vegetables mostly grow fast, the requirements on low toxicity, high efficiency and difficult residue of pesticides are high, and the difficulty in guaranteeing the safety and cleanliness of products is high. This problem can be solved well by using indoor hydroponic systems to grow these vegetables.
At present, the vegetables are planted by utilizing an indoor water culture system, formula nutrient solutions such as Hoagland's water culture nutrient solution, a Japanese garden type balanced formula, a Japanese Kawasaki leaf vegetable formula and the like are mostly adopted, the nutrient solutions are difficult to adapt to the cultivation of the cruciferous vegetables under an indoor fully artificial light environment, and the phenomena of poor growth, low yield, yellow spots of leaves, scorched centers and the like are easy to occur.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the nutrient solution for the water culture of the cruciferous vegetables and the application thereof.
The invention adopts the specific technical scheme that:
a nutrient solution for water culture of cruciferous vegetables comprises 6.8-7.1mmol/L of nitrogen, 4.9-5.1mmol/L of potassium, 0.95-1.0mmol/L of phosphorus, 1.22-1.28mmol/L of calcium, 0.95-1.0mmol/L of magnesium, 0.12-0.14mmol/L of iron, 0.009-0.01mmol/L of manganese, 0.0002-0.0003mmol/L of copper, 0.048-0.053mmol/L of boron, 0.005-0.0055mmol/L of zinc, 0.0003-0.00033mmol/L of molybdenum and 1.0mmol/L of sulfur, wherein the raw material containing nitrogen comprises NH4 +-N and NO3 --N, and NH4 +-N/NO3 -The value of-N is from 0.16 to 0.18.
In order to better realize the invention, the nutrient solution is prepared from a solid nutrient solution water-soluble fertilizer which comprises the following components: calcium ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, EDTA chelated iron, boric acid, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, sodium molybdate and potassium chloride.
In order to better realize the invention, the solid nutrient solution water-soluble fertilizer consists of a fertilizer A, a fertilizer B and a fertilizer C, wherein the fertilizer A is formed by mixing calcium ammonium nitrate, sodium molybdate, potassium chloride, potassium nitrate and EDTA chelated iron; the fertilizer B is formed by mixing magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate and zinc sulfate; and the fertilizer C is formed by mixing potassium nitrate, boric acid, monopotassium phosphate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.
In order to better implement the invention, the mass ratio of the potassium nitrate in the fertilizer A to the potassium nitrate in the fertilizer C is 1: 1-2.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides a preparation method of the nutrient solution for the cruciferous vegetable hydroponics, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a solid nutrient solution water-soluble fertilizer:
a. according to the working concentration of each nutrient component in the nutrient solution of 6.8-7.1mmol/L of nitrogen, 4.9-5.1mmol/L of potassium, 0.95-1.0mmol/L of phosphorus, 1.22-1.28mmol/L of calcium, 0.95-1.0mmol/L of magnesium, 0.12-0.14mmol/L of ferrum, 0.009-0.01mmol/L of manganese, 0.0002-0.0003mmol/L of copper, 0.048-0.053mmol/L of boron, 0.005-0.0055mmol/L of zinc, 0.0003-0.00033mmol/L of molybdenum and 1.0mmol/L of sulfur, wherein the raw material containing nitrogen element comprises NH4 +-N and NO3 --N, and NH4 +-N/NO3 -Weighing required raw materials including calcium ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, EDTA chelated iron, boric acid, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, sodium molybdate and potassium chloride according to the standard that the-N value is 0.16-0.18;
b. preparation of fertilizer A: uniformly mixing calcium ammonium nitrate, sodium molybdate, potassium chloride, potassium nitrate and EDTA chelated iron, and standing at room temperature for later use;
c. preparing a fertilizer B: taking magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate and zinc sulfate, uniformly mixing, and standing at room temperature for later use;
d. preparation of fertilizer C: mixing potassium nitrate, boric acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and standing at room temperature;
(2) preparing a concentrated nutrient solution: respectively dissolving a fertilizer A, a fertilizer B and a fertilizer C in RO water to prepare a mother solution A, a mother solution B and a mother solution C, wherein the concentrations of the mother solution A, the mother solution B and the mother solution C are 200-fold and 400-fold of the working concentration of the nutrient solution;
(3) preparing a working nutrient solution on site: and (3) sequentially adding the same amount of the mother liquor A, the mother liquor B and the mother liquor C into a water bucket filled with water, stirring while adding, and fixing the volume to obtain a working nutrient solution which is used along with the preparation.
In order to better implement the invention, the mass ratio of the potassium nitrate used for preparing the fertilizer A to the potassium nitrate used for preparing the fertilizer C is 1: 1-2.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides application of the nutrient solution for cruciferous vegetable hydroponics, which is characterized in that the nutrient solution is applied to the cruciferous vegetable hydroponics in an indoor artificial light environment.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the nutrient solution formula provided by the invention solves the problem that the growth speed of cruciferous vegetables is low under a general formula in an indoor artificial light environment at present.
2. The hydroponic cruciferous vegetable nutrient solution product provided by the invention enters the market in the form of solid nutrient solution water soluble fertilizer (fertilizer A + fertilizer B + fertilizer C), is not easy to deteriorate, is beneficial to transportation, and is dissolved when in use.
3. The hydroponic cruciferous vegetable nutrient solution product provided by the invention solves the problem of caking generated in the storage process of the solid nutrient solution by reasonably distributing the raw materials contained in the fertilizer A, the fertilizer B and the fertilizer C.
4. The nutrient solution for the hydroponic brassicaceous vegetable is reasonable in proportion and rich in nutrition, the yield of the vegetable is improved, and the phenomena of leaf blotches and scorched edges are reduced by adopting a proper ammonium nitrate ratio.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and various substitutions and alterations can be made without departing from the technical idea of the present invention as described above, according to the common technical knowledge and the conventional means in the field.
Example 1:
a nutrient solution (formula 1) for water culture of Cruciferae vegetables contains nitrogen 6.8mmol/L, potassium 4.9mmol/L, phosphorus 1.0mmol/L, calcium 1.22mmol/L, magnesium 1.0mmol/L, ferrum 0.14mmol/L, manganese 0.01mmol/L, copper 0.0003mmol/L, boron 0.05mmol/L, zinc 0.005mmol/L, molybdenum 0.0003mmol/L, and sulfur 1.0mmol/L, and nitrogen-containing material including NH4 +-N and NO3 --N，NH4 +-N/NO3 -The value of-N is 0.18.
The preparation method of the cruciferous vegetable nutrient solution for indoor water culture comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of fertilizer A: weighing calcium ammonium nitrate, sodium molybdate, potassium chloride, potassium nitrate and EDTA chelated iron according to the formula requirements, wherein the potassium nitrate accounts for 1/3 of the total amount of the potassium nitrate in the formula, uniformly mixing, and standing at room temperature for later use.
(2) Preparing a fertilizer B: weighing magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate and zinc sulfate according to the formula requirement, uniformly mixing, and standing at room temperature for later use.
(3) Preparation of fertilizer C: weighing potassium nitrate, boric acid, monopotassium phosphate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate according to the formula requirements, wherein the potassium nitrate accounts for 2/3 of the total amount of the potassium nitrate in the formula, uniformly mixing, and standing at room temperature for later use.
The preparation method of the conventional nutrient solution comprises the following steps: weighing calcium ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate and EDTA chelated iron according to the formula requirement, and uniformly mixing to prepare a fertilizer A; weighing potassium nitrate and monopotassium phosphate according to the formula requirement to prepare a fertilizer B; and weighing magnesium sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, manganese sulfate, boric acid, zinc sulfate, sodium molybdate, copper sulfate and potassium chloride according to the formula requirement to prepare the fertilizer C.
The nutrient solution of the formula 1 and the conventional prepared nutrient solution are subjected to temperature treatment and then dissolved, and the results are observed as shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1
Note: "-" indicates no caking or moisture absorption; "+" indicates the presence of clumping or moisture absorption, and more + indicates a higher degree of clumping or moisture absorption.
As can be seen from Table 1, after being placed for 1 month, the nutrient solution of formula 1 has no obvious agglomeration and no deterioration. After the conventionally prepared nutrient solution is placed for 1 month, the moisture absorption and deterioration phenomena of the fertilizer A, the hardening phenomena of the fertilizer B and the hardening and deterioration phenomena of the fertilizer C occur.
Example 2:
a nutrient solution (formula 2 nutrient solution) for cruciferous vegetable hydroponics comprises the following elements: 7.0mmol/L of nitrogen, 4.9mmol/L of potassium, 0.95mmol/L of phosphorus, 1.28mmol/L of calcium, 0.95mmol/L of magnesium, 0.12mmol/L of ferrum, 0.009mmol/L of manganese, 0.0002mmol/L of copper, 0.053mmol/L of boron, 0.005mmol/L of zinc, 0.0003mmol/L of molybdenum and 1.0mmol/L of sulfur, wherein the raw material containing nitrogen elements comprises NH4 +-N and NO3 --N，NH4 +-N/NO3 -The value of-N is 0.16.
The preparation method of the cruciferous vegetable nutrient solution for indoor water culture comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of fertilizer A: weighing calcium ammonium nitrate, sodium molybdate, potassium chloride, potassium nitrate and EDTA chelated iron according to the formula requirements, wherein the potassium nitrate accounts for 1/2 of the total amount of the potassium nitrate in the formula, uniformly mixing, and standing at room temperature for later use.
2) Preparing a fertilizer B: weighing magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate and zinc sulfate according to the formula requirement, uniformly mixing, and standing at room temperature for later use.
3) Preparation of fertilizer C: weighing potassium nitrate, boric acid, monopotassium phosphate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate according to the formula requirements, wherein the potassium nitrate accounts for 1/2 of the total amount of the potassium nitrate in the formula, uniformly mixing, and standing at room temperature for later use.
The preparation method of the nutrient solution mother solution comprises the following steps:
1) dissolving the fertilizer A in RO water, and preparing mother liquor A after constant volume;
2) dissolving the fertilizer B in RO water, and preparing a mother solution B after constant volume;
3) dissolving the fertilizer C in RO water, and preparing mother liquor C after constant volume.
The concentration of each component in the mother liquor is 200 times of the final concentration, and the mother liquor is stored at room temperature for later use.
Example 3:
a nutrient solution (formula 3 nutrient solution) for cruciferous vegetable hydroponics comprises the following elements: 7.1mmol/L of nitrogen, 5.1mmol/L of potassium, 0.95mmol/L of phosphorus, 1.25mmol/L of calcium, 1.0mmol/L of magnesium, 0.12mmol/L of iron, 0.01mmol/L of manganese, 0.0003mmol/L of copper, 0.048mmol/L of boron, 0.00055mmol/L of zinc, 0.00033mmol/L of molybdenum and 1.0mmol/L of sulfur, wherein the raw material containing nitrogen comprises NH4 +-N and NO3 --N，NH4 +-N/NO3 -The value of-N is 0.18.
The preparation method of the cruciferous vegetable nutrient solution for indoor water culture comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of fertilizer A: weighing calcium ammonium nitrate, sodium molybdate, potassium chloride, potassium nitrate and EDTA chelated iron according to the formula requirements, wherein the potassium nitrate accounts for 1/2 of the total amount of the potassium nitrate in the formula, uniformly mixing, and standing at room temperature for later use.
2) Preparing a fertilizer B: weighing magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate and zinc sulfate according to the formula requirement, uniformly mixing, and standing at room temperature for later use.
3) Preparation of fertilizer C: weighing potassium nitrate, boric acid, monopotassium phosphate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate according to the formula requirements, wherein the potassium nitrate accounts for 1/2 of the total amount of the potassium nitrate in the formula, uniformly mixing, and standing at room temperature for later use.
The preparation method of the nutrient solution mother solution comprises the following steps:
1) dissolving the fertilizer A in RO water, and preparing mother liquor A after constant volume;
2) dissolving the fertilizer B in RO water, and preparing a mother solution B after constant volume;
3) dissolving the fertilizer C in RO water, and preparing mother liquor C after constant volume.
The concentration of each component in the mother liquor is 400 times of the final concentration, and the mother liquor is stored at room temperature for later use.
Example 4:
a nutrient solution (nutrient solution formula 1) for the hydroponic culture of cruciferous vegetables is prepared as shown in example 1.
The preparation method of the nutrient solution mother solution comprises the following steps:
1) dissolving the fertilizer A in RO water, and preparing mother liquor A after constant volume;
2) dissolving the fertilizer B in RO water, and preparing a mother solution B after constant volume;
3) dissolving the fertilizer C in RO water, and preparing mother liquor C after constant volume.
The concentration of each component in the mother liquor is 200 times of the final concentration, and the mother liquor is stored at room temperature for later use.
The cruciferous vegetable nutrient solution is adopted in 2-3 months in 2019, and cultivation tests are carried out in an indoor full-artificial light environment. The tested species were white stalk and Meixia Kuai. The specific test steps are as follows:
(1) sowing: soaking white stalk and Meixia seed for 30min, draining, and directly sowing the seed in 2.5cm × 2.5cm square sponge with the top of the seed slightly exposed by 1-2 mm. The germination accelerating conditions are as follows: accelerating germination under the dark condition at the temperature of 23 ℃ and the relative humidity of 90 percent; when the proportion of the exposed white seeds reaches more than 80 percent, moving the seeds to a seedling exercising bed and exercising the seedlings under the light.
(2) Hardening seedlings: when seed leaves grow out, draining the water in the seeding tray, and adding the seedling hardening nutrient solution. The method is carried out under the condition of illumination, and the environmental conditions are as follows: the day and night temperature is maintained at 20-23 deg.C/18-20 deg.C, relative humidity is 70-90%, and carbon dioxide concentration is 800-1200 ppm. After 5 days, seedlings were grown.
(3) Seedling culture: the planting density is 180 plants/m2The depth of the nutrient solution is determined by submerging the root system 2/3, the nutrient solution is carried out under the illumination condition, and the environmental conditions are as follows: the day and night temperature is maintained at 20-23 deg.C/18-20 deg.C, relative humidity is 70-90%, and carbon dioxide concentration is 800-1200 ppm. After 11 days, separate cultivation was carried out.
(4) Separate planting:the planting density is 30 plants/m2The depth of the nutrient solution is determined by submerging the root system 1/3. The cultivation conditions are as follows: cultivating under the condition of illumination, wherein the day and night temperature is maintained at 20-23 deg.C/18-20 deg.C, the relative humidity is 70-90%, and the carbon dioxide concentration is 800-.
(5) Harvesting: harvesting 15 days after the separate planting. The whole period from sowing to harvesting is about 31 days.
The light environment conditions are as follows: (a) the light environment in the seedling hardening period is as follows: the proportion of the light quantum number with the wavelength of 380-399nm is less than or equal to 0.1 percent, the proportion of the light quantum number with the wavelength of 400-499nm is 21-25 percent, the proportion of the light quantum number with the wavelength of 500-599nm is 14-15 percent, the proportion of the light quantum number with the wavelength of 600-699nm is 46-50 percent, the proportion of the light quantum number with the wavelength of 700-780nm is 12-17 percent, the light intensity is 200-210 mu mol/square meter/s, and the illumination time is 12 h/d; (b) the light environment in the seedling raising period is as follows: the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 380-399nm is less than or equal to 0.1 percent, the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 400-499nm is 21-25 percent, the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 500-599nm is 14-15 percent, the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 600-699nm is 46-50 percent, and the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 700-780nm is 12-17 percent; the light intensity is 250-micron mol/square meter/s, and the illumination time is 12 h/d; (c) the light environment in the separate planting stage is as follows: the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 380-399nm is less than or equal to 0.1 percent, the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 400-499nm is 13-15 percent, the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 500-599nm is 17-19 percent, the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 600-699nm is 50-55 percent, and the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 700-780nm is 13-17 percent; the light intensity is 300-.
The nutrient solution conditions were as follows: the nutrient solution for the cruciferous vegetables provided by the invention is used in the whole cultivation period; (a) and (3) hardening seedling stage: sequentially adding equal amount of the mother liquor A, the mother liquor B and the mother liquor C into a water bucket filled with water to prepare a seedling hardening period nutrient solution with EC of 1.1-1.2mS/cm and pH value of 5.5-7.0; after the bottom of the seedling tray and the sponge are drained, the nutrient solution in the seedling refining period is added from the bottom of the seedling tray, and the bottom of the sponge is contacted with the nutrient solution; in the whole seedling hardening period, the nutrient solution is supplemented according to the water amount of the seedling tray. (b) And (3) seedling raising period: sequentially adding the same amount of the mother solution A, the mother solution B and the mother solution C into a water tank of a seedling module filled with water, so that the EC of the nutrient solution in the water tank is 1.2-1.4mS/cm, and the pH value is 5.5-7.0; after the mother solution is added for the first time, no acid or alkali is added for adjustment when the pH value is between 5.5 and 6.0, in the process of seedling culture, the mother solution needs to be added if the EC of the nutrient solution is lower than 1.2, and 30% sodium hydroxide solution or 5% dilute nitric acid or dilute phosphoric acid needs to be added for adjustment if the pH value of the nutrient solution deviates from 5.5 to 7.0. (c) And (3) a separate planting period: sequentially adding equal amounts of the mother liquor A, the mother liquor B and the mother liquor C into a water tank of a cultivation module filled with water, so that the EC of the nutrient solution in the water tank is 1.4-1.8mS/cm, and the pH value is 5.5-7.0; after the mother solution is added for the first time, no acid or alkali is added for adjustment when the pH value is between 5.5 and 6.0, and in the process of separate cultivation, the mother solution needs to be added if the EC of the nutrient solution is lower than 1.4, and 30% of sodium hydroxide solution or 5% of dilute nitric acid or dilute phosphoric acid needs to be added for adjustment if the pH value of the nutrient solution deviates from 5.5 to 7.0.
Hoagland, Japanese gardening, south China agricultural and Hewitt vegetable formulas are selected as the nutrient solution of the control group for cultivation at the same time, and the management mode is the same as that of the experimental example. After the vegetables are harvested, the fresh weight, the plant height and the spread are counted, and the comparison and statistics results are shown in a table 2.
TABLE 2
Note: "-" indicates no mottling or burnt edges; "+" indicates a lower degree of mottle or burnt edges, and more + indicates a higher degree of mottle or burnt edges.
As can be seen from Table 2, the use of the cruciferous vegetable nutrient solution of example 1 according to the present invention for hydroponics of lettuce under indoor fully artificial light conditions resulted in higher plant height, fresh weight of overground parts and fresh weight of roots than the same kind of cabbage as the control. In the comparison example, the white peduncle and the Meixia Kuai vegetable all have the phenomenon of flower spots in different degrees.
Example 5:
the preparation method of the nutrient solution for cruciferous vegetables in this example is the same as that in examples 2 to 3. The cruciferous vegetable nutrient solution of the embodiment is adopted to carry out cultivation experiments in an indoor fully artificial light environment. The tested species were white stalk and Meixia Kuai. The specific test steps are as follows:
(1) soaking white stalk and Meixia seed for 30min, and draining. Seeds were sown directly in 2.5cm by 2.5cm square sponges with a slight 1-2mm sponge exposure on top. The germination accelerating conditions are as follows: accelerating germination under the dark condition at the temperature of 23 ℃ and the relative humidity of 90 percent; when the proportion of the exposed white seeds reaches more than 80 percent, moving the seeds to a seedling exercising bed and exercising the seedlings under the light.
(2) Hardening seedlings: when seed leaves grow out, draining the water in the seeding tray, and adding the seedling hardening nutrient solution. The method is carried out under the condition of illumination, and the environmental conditions are as follows: the day and night temperature is maintained at 20-23 deg.C/18-20 deg.C, relative humidity is 70-90%, and carbon dioxide concentration is 800-1200 ppm. After 8 days, seedlings were grown.
(3) Seedling culture: the planting density is 180 plants/m2The depth of the nutrient solution is determined by submerging the root system 2/3, the nutrient solution is carried out under the illumination condition, and the environmental conditions are as follows: the day and night temperature is maintained at 20-23 deg.C/18-20 deg.C, relative humidity is 70-90%, and carbon dioxide concentration is 800-1200 ppm. After 8 days, separate cultivation was carried out.
(4) Separate planting: the planting density is 30 plants/m2The depth of the nutrient solution is determined by submerging the root system 1/3. The cultivation conditions are as follows: cultivating under the condition of illumination, wherein the day and night temperature is maintained at 20-23 deg.C/18-20 deg.C, the relative humidity is 70-90%, and the carbon dioxide concentration is 800-.
(5) Harvesting: namely, harvesting is carried out 18 days after the separate planting. The whole period from sowing to harvesting is about 35 days.
The light environment conditions are as follows: (a) the light environment in the seedling hardening period is as follows: the proportion of the light quantum number with the wavelength of 380-399nm is less than or equal to 0.1 percent, the proportion of the light quantum number with the wavelength of 400-499nm is 21-25 percent, the proportion of the light quantum number with the wavelength of 500-599nm is 14-15 percent, the proportion of the light quantum number with the wavelength of 600-699nm is 46-50 percent, the proportion of the light quantum number with the wavelength of 700-780nm is 12-17 percent, the light intensity is 200-210 mu mol/square meter/s, and the illumination time is 12 h/d; (b) the light environment in the seedling raising period is as follows: the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 380-399nm is less than or equal to 0.1 percent, the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 400-499nm is 21-25 percent, the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 500-599nm is 14-15 percent, the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 600-699nm is 46-50 percent, and the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 700-780nm is 12-17 percent; the light intensity is 250-micron mol/square meter/s, and the illumination time is 12 h/d; (c) the light environment in the separate planting stage is as follows: the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 380-399nm is less than or equal to 0.1 percent, the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 400-499nm is 13-15 percent, the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 500-599nm is 17-19 percent, the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 600-699nm is 50-55 percent, and the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 700-780nm is 13-17 percent; the light intensity is 300-.
The nutrient solution conditions were as follows: the nutrient solution for the cruciferous vegetables provided by the embodiment is used in the whole cultivation period; (a) and (3) hardening seedling stage: sequentially adding equal amount of the mother liquor A, B and C into a bucket filled with water to obtain a seedling hardening period nutrient solution with EC value of 1.1-1.2mS/cm and pH value of 5.5-7.0; after the bottom of the seedling tray and the sponge are drained, the nutrient solution in the seedling refining period is added from the bottom of the seedling tray, and the bottom of the sponge is contacted with the nutrient solution; in the whole seedling hardening period, the nutrient solution is supplemented according to the water amount of the seedling tray. (b) And (3) seedling raising period: sequentially adding equivalent mother liquor A, mother liquor B and mother liquor C into a water tank of a seedling module filled with water, wherein the EC of the nutrient solution in the water tank is 1.2-1.4mS/cm, and the pH value is 5.5-7.0; after the mother solution is added for the first time, no acid or alkali is added for adjustment when the pH value is between 5.5 and 6.0, in the process of seedling culture, the mother solution needs to be added if the EC of the nutrient solution is lower than 1.2, and 30% sodium hydroxide solution or 5% dilute nitric acid or dilute phosphoric acid needs to be added for adjustment if the pH value of the nutrient solution deviates from 5.5 to 7.0. (c) And (3) a separate planting period: sequentially adding equal amounts of mother liquor A, mother liquor B and mother liquor C into a water tank of a cultivation module filled with water, so that EC of nutrient solution in the water tank is 1.4-1.6mS/cm, and pH value is 5.5-7.0; after the mother solution is added for the first time, no acid or alkali is added for adjustment when the pH value is between 5.5 and 6.0, and in the process of separate cultivation, the mother solution needs to be added if the EC of the nutrient solution is lower than 1.4, and 30% of sodium hydroxide solution or 5% of dilute nitric acid or dilute phosphoric acid needs to be added for adjustment if the pH value of the nutrient solution deviates from 5.5 to 7.0.
After the vegetables are harvested, the fresh weight, the plant height and the spread are counted, and the comparison and statistics results are shown in a table 3.
TABLE 3
Note: "-" indicates no coke edge; "+" indicates a lower degree of focal edge, and more + indicates a higher degree of focal edge.
As can be seen from Table 3, the cruciferous vegetable nutrient solutions of examples 2 to 3 of the present invention were used for hydroponics of white-stem and Meixia cuisine under indoor fully artificial light conditions, and the vegetables grew well without leaf spots. White stalks appear with a small portion of burnt edges, but to a very low degree. If the vegetables are harvested 2-3 days earlier, the phenomenon of scorching can be avoided.
Although the embodiments have been described, once the basic inventive concept is known, other variations and modifications can be made to the embodiments by those skilled in the art, so that the above embodiments are only examples of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes that can be used in the present specification or directly or indirectly applied to other related fields are encompassed by the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A nutrient solution for cruciferous vegetable water culture is characterized in that nutrient components of the nutrient solution comprise 6.8-7.1mmol/L of nitrogen, 4.9-5.1mmol/L of potassium, 0.95-1.0mmol/L of phosphorus, 1.22-1.28mmol/L of calcium, 0.95-1.0mmol/L of magnesium, 0.12-0.14mmol/L of iron, 0.009-0.01mmol/L of manganese, 0.0002-0.0003mmol/L of copper, 0.048-0.053mmol/L of boron, 0.005-0.0055mmol/L of zinc, 0.0003-0.00033mmol/L of molybdenum and 1.0mmol/L of sulfur, wherein a raw material containing nitrogen comprises NH4 +-N and NO3 --N, and NH4 +-N/NO3 -The value of-N is from 0.16 to 0.18.
2. The nutrient solution for the water culture of cruciferous vegetables, according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution is prepared from a solid nutrient solution water-soluble fertilizer, the solid nutrient solution water-soluble fertilizer comprising the following components: calcium ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, EDTA chelated iron, boric acid, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, sodium molybdate and potassium chloride.
3. The nutrient solution for the water culture of cruciferous vegetables as claimed in claim 2, wherein the solid nutrient solution water soluble fertilizer consists of fertilizer A, fertilizer B and fertilizer C, wherein the fertilizer A consists of a mixture of calcium ammonium nitrate, sodium molybdate, potassium chloride, potassium nitrate and EDTA chelated iron; the fertilizer B is formed by mixing magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate and zinc sulfate; and the fertilizer C is formed by mixing potassium nitrate, boric acid, monopotassium phosphate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.
4. The nutrient solution for the hydroponic culture of cruciferous vegetables as claimed in claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of potassium nitrate in fertilizer A to potassium nitrate in fertilizer C is 1: 1-2.
5. A preparation method of a nutrient solution for cruciferous vegetable hydroponics is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a solid nutrient solution water-soluble fertilizer:
a. according to the working concentration of each nutrient component in the nutrient solution of 6.8-7.1mmol/L of nitrogen, 4.9-5.1mmol/L of potassium, 0.95-1.0mmol/L of phosphorus, 1.22-1.28mmol/L of calcium, 0.95-1.0mmol/L of magnesium, 0.12-0.14mmol/L of ferrum, 0.009-0.01mmol/L of manganese, 0.0002-0.0003mmol/L of copper, 0.048-0.053mmol/L of boron, 0.005-0.0055mmol/L of zinc, 0.0003-0.00033mmol/L of molybdenum and 1.0mmol/L of sulfur, wherein the raw material containing nitrogen element comprises NH4 +-N and NO3 --N, and NH4 +-N/NO3 -Weighing the required raw materials of calcium ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate and dihydrogen phosphate according to the standard with the-N value of 0.16-0.18Potassium, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, EDTA chelated iron, boric acid, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, sodium molybdate and potassium chloride;
b. preparation of fertilizer A: uniformly mixing calcium ammonium nitrate, sodium molybdate, potassium chloride, potassium nitrate and EDTA chelated iron, and standing at room temperature for later use;
c. preparing a fertilizer B: taking magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate and zinc sulfate, uniformly mixing, and standing at room temperature for later use;
d. preparation of fertilizer C: mixing potassium nitrate, boric acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and standing at room temperature;
(2) preparing a concentrated nutrient solution: respectively dissolving a fertilizer A, a fertilizer B and a fertilizer C in RO water to prepare a mother solution A, a mother solution B and a mother solution C, wherein the concentrations of the mother solution A, the mother solution B and the mother solution C are 200-fold and 400-fold of the working concentration of the nutrient solution;
(3) preparing a working nutrient solution on site: and (3) sequentially adding the same amount of the mother liquor A, the mother liquor B and the mother liquor C into a water bucket filled with water, stirring while adding, and fixing the volume to obtain a working nutrient solution which is used along with the preparation.
6. The preparation method of the nutrient solution for the hydroponic culture of the cruciferous vegetables as claimed in claim 5, wherein the mass ratio of potassium nitrate used for preparing the fertilizer A to potassium nitrate used for preparing the fertilizer C is 1: 1-2.
7. Use of the nutrient solution for hydroponics of cruciferous vegetables according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or the nutrient solution for hydroponics of cruciferous vegetables prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 5 to 6, which is characterized by its application in hydroponics under semi-artificial light in greenhouses, and under total artificial light in plant factories.
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