CN110683880A - Lettuce universal nutrient solution for indoor water culture and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Lettuce universal nutrient solution for indoor water culture and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110683880A CN110683880A CN201910989303.3A CN201910989303A CN110683880A CN 110683880 A CN110683880 A CN 110683880A CN 201910989303 A CN201910989303 A CN 201910989303A CN 110683880 A CN110683880 A CN 110683880A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
Abstract
The invention discloses a lettuce general nutrient solution for indoor water culture and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein nutrient components of the nutrient solution comprise 6.0-8.5mmol/L of nitrogen, 4.0-6.0mmol/L of potassium, 0.4-1.0mmol/L of phosphorus, 0.8-1.8mmol/L of calcium, 0.6-1.0mmol/L of magnesium, 0.03-0.07mmol/L of iron, 0.006-0.036mmol/L of manganese, 0.0001-0.0003mmol/L of copper, 0.018-0.05mmol/L of boron, 0.007-0.03mmol/L of zinc, 0.0002-0.0004mmol/L of molybdenum, 0.7-1.0mmol/L of sulfur and 0-0.007mmol/L of chlorine, wherein the raw material containing nitrogen comprises NH4 +-N and NO3-N, and NH4 +‑N/NO3 ‑The value of-N is 0.04-0.08. According to the invention, by adopting a proper ammonium nitrate ratio, the lettuce grows faster, the pH value of the nutrient solution is more stable, and the situation of the lettuce heartburn is relieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, and particularly relates to a lettuce universal nutrient solution for indoor water culture, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Hydroponics (Hydroponics) is a novel soilless culture mode of plants, also called nutrient solution culture, and is characterized in that root systems of the plants are directly soaked in nutrient solution, and the nutrient solution can replace soil and provide growth factors such as water, nutrients, oxygen and the like for the plants, so that the plants can normally grow. At present, the vegetables successfully cultivated in water culture mainly comprise most leaf vegetables, tomatoes, strawberries and the like. Lettuce is lactuca sativa of the genus lactuca of the family compositae, also called leaf lettuce, and has become a green leaf vegetable with the largest cultivation area in an indoor water culture system due to the characteristics of rich nutritional value, regular growth, short growth period, good commodity property and the like. The formula of the water culture nutrient solution is changed according to the variety, production purpose, growth stage, production environment and the like of crops, so that a proper nutrient solution formula is very necessary to be screened out according to the requirement.
At present, lettuce hydroponic formulas mainly used in China comprise Hoagland's hydroponic nutrient solution, Japanese garden type balanced formula, Japanese Kawasaki formula and the like, the nutrient solutions are difficult to adapt to lettuce cultivation in an indoor fully-artificial light environment, the lettuce is easy to have the conditions of scorched edges and scorched hearts, and the pH of the nutrient solution is unstable due to inconsistent absorption rates of different ions in the nutrient solution by the lettuce.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a lettuce general nutrient solution for indoor water culture, a preparation method and application thereof.
The invention adopts the specific technical scheme that:
a general nutrient solution for lettuce in indoor water culture comprises nitrogen 6.0-8.5mmol/L, potassium 4.0-6.0mmol/L, phosphorus 0.4-1.0mmol/L, calcium 0.8-1.8mmol/L, magnesium 0.6-1.0mmol/L, ferrum 0.03-0.07mmol/L, manganese 0.006-0.036mmol/L, copper 0.0001-0.0003mmol/L, boron 0.018-0.05mmol/L, zinc 0.007-0.03mmol/L, molybdenum 0.0002-0.0004mmol/L, sulfur 0.7-1.0mmol/L, and chlorine 0-0.007mmol/L, wherein the raw material containing nitrogen comprises NH4 +-N and NO3 --N, and NH4 +-N/NO3 -The value of-N is 0.04-0.08.
In order to better realize the invention, the nutrient solution is prepared from a solid nutrient solution water-soluble fertilizer which comprises the following components: calcium ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, EDTA chelated iron, boric acid, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, sodium molybdate and potassium chloride.
In order to better realize the invention, the solid nutrient solution water-soluble fertilizer consists of a fertilizer A, a fertilizer B and a fertilizer C, wherein the fertilizer A is formed by mixing calcium ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate and chelated iron; the fertilizer B is formed by mixing potassium nitrate, monopotassium phosphate and dipotassium phosphate; the fertilizer C is formed by mixing magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, boric acid, zinc sulfate, sodium molybdate and copper sulfate;
in order to better implement the invention, the mass ratio of the potassium nitrate in the fertilizer A to the potassium nitrate in the fertilizer B is 1: 1-2.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides a preparation method of the lettuce universal nutrient solution for indoor water culture, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of solid nutrient solution water-soluble fertilizer
a. According to the working concentration of each nutrient component in the nutrient solution of 6.0-8.5mmol/L of nitrogen, 4.0-6.0mmol/L of potassium, 0.4-1.0mmol/L of phosphorus, 0.8-1.8mmol/L of calcium, 0.6-1.0mmol/L of magnesium, 0.03-0.07mmol/L of iron, 0.006-0.036mmol/L of manganese, 0.0001-0.0003mmol/L of copper, 0.018-0.05mmol/L of boron, 0.007-0.03mmol/L of zinc, 0.0002-0.0004mmol/L of molybdenum, 0.7-1.0mmol/L of sulfur and 0-0.007mmol/L of chlorine, wherein the raw material containing nitrogen comprises NH4 +-N and NO3 --N, and NH4 +-N/NO3 -Weighing the required raw materials of calcium ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, chelated iron, monopotassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, boric acid, zinc sulfate, sodium molybdate and copper sulfate according to the standard that the-N value is 0.04-0.08;
b. preparation of fertilizer A: and (3) uniformly mixing calcium ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate and chelated iron, and standing at room temperature for later use.
c. Preparing a fertilizer B: mixing potassium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, and standing at room temperature for use.
d. Preparation of fertilizer C: mixing magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, boric acid, zinc sulfate, sodium molybdate and copper sulfate uniformly, and standing at room temperature for later use.
(2) Preparing a concentrated nutrient solution: respectively dissolving a fertilizer A, a fertilizer B and a fertilizer C in RO water to prepare a mother solution A, a mother solution B and a mother solution C, wherein the concentrations of the mother solution A, the mother solution B and the mother solution C are 200-fold and 400-fold of the working concentration of the nutrient solution;
(3) preparing a working nutrient solution on site: and (3) sequentially adding the same amount of the mother liquor A, the mother liquor B and the mother liquor C into a water bucket filled with water, stirring while adding, and fixing the volume to obtain a working nutrient solution which is used along with the preparation.
In order to better implement the invention, the mass ratio of the potassium nitrate used for preparing the fertilizer A to the potassium nitrate used for preparing the fertilizer B is 1: 1-2.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides application of the lettuce general nutrient solution for indoor water culture, and particularly provides cultivation application of the lettuce general nutrient solution in a lettuce indoor artificial light environment.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the nutrient solution formula provided by the invention solves the problem that lettuce grows at a lower speed under a general formula in an indoor artificial light environment at present.
2. According to the invention, by adopting a proper ammonium nitrate ratio, the lettuce grows faster, the pH value of the nutrient solution is more stable, and the situation of the lettuce heartburn is relieved.
3. The pH value of the nutrient solution is more stable by adopting a proper phosphate ratio.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and various substitutions and alterations can be made without departing from the technical idea of the present invention as described above, according to the common technical knowledge and the conventional means in the field.
Example 1:
the lettuce general nutrient solution (M-general) for indoor water culture comprises the following elements: 7.3mmol/L of nitrogen, 5.0mmol/L of potassium, 0.5mmol/L of phosphorus, 1.2mmol/L of calcium, 1.0mmol/L of magnesium, 0.04mmol/L of iron, 0.036mmol/L of manganese, 0.0003mmol/L of copper, 0.05mmol/L of boron, 0.015mmol/L of zinc, 0.0004mmol/L of molybdenum, 1.0mmol/L of sulfur,chlorine 0.002mmol/L, raw material containing nitrogen element including NH4 +-N and NO3 --N，NH4 +-N/NO3 -The value of-N is 0.06.
The preparation method of the lettuce universal nutrient solution for indoor water culture comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of fertilizer A: weighing calcium ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate and chelated iron according to the formula requirements, wherein the potassium nitrate accounts for 1/2 of the total amount of the potassium nitrate in the formula, uniformly mixing, and standing at room temperature for later use. .
2) Preparing a fertilizer B: weighing potassium nitrate, monopotassium phosphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate according to the formula requirements, wherein the potassium nitrate accounts for 1/2 of the total amount of the potassium nitrate in the formula, uniformly mixing, and standing at room temperature for later use.
3) Preparation of fertilizer C: magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, manganese sulfate, boric acid, zinc sulfate, sodium molybdate, copper sulfate and potassium chloride are weighed according to the formula requirement, uniformly mixed and placed at room temperature for standby. .
The preparation method of the nutrient solution mother solution comprises the following steps:
1) dissolving the fertilizer A in RO water, and preparing mother liquor A after constant volume;
2) dissolving the fertilizer B in RO water, and preparing a mother solution B after constant volume;
3) dissolving the fertilizer C in RO water, and preparing mother liquor C after constant volume.
The concentration of each component in the mother liquor is 200 times of the final concentration, and the mother liquor is stored at room temperature for later use.
Example 2:
the lettuce general nutrient solution (H-general) for indoor water culture comprises the following elements: 6.0mmol/L of nitrogen, 4.0mmol/L of potassium, 0.8mmol/L of phosphorus, 1.4mmol/L of calcium, 0.6mmol/L of magnesium, 0.03mmol/L of iron, 0.025mmol/L of manganese, 0.0002mmol/L of copper, 0.02mmol/L of boron, 0.03mmol/L of zinc, 0.0002mmol/L of molybdenum, 0.8mmol/L of sulfur and 0mmol/L of chlorine, wherein the raw material containing nitrogen comprises NH4 +-N and NO3 --N，NH4 +-N/NO3 -The value of-N is 0.05.
The preparation method of the lettuce universal nutrient solution for indoor water culture comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of fertilizer A: weighing calcium ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate and chelated iron according to the formula requirements, wherein the potassium nitrate accounts for 1/3 of the total amount of the potassium nitrate in the formula, uniformly mixing, and standing at room temperature for later use. .
2) Preparing a fertilizer B: weighing potassium nitrate, monopotassium phosphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate according to the formula requirements, wherein the potassium nitrate accounts for 2/3 of the total amount of the potassium nitrate in the formula, uniformly mixing, and standing at room temperature for later use.
3) Preparation of fertilizer C: magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, manganese sulfate, boric acid, zinc sulfate, sodium molybdate, copper sulfate and potassium chloride are weighed according to the formula requirement, uniformly mixed and placed at room temperature for standby. .
The preparation method of the nutrient solution mother solution comprises the following steps:
1) dissolving the fertilizer A in RO water, and preparing mother liquor A after constant volume;
2) dissolving the fertilizer B in RO water, and preparing a mother solution B after constant volume;
3) dissolving the fertilizer C in RO water, and preparing mother liquor C after constant volume.
The concentration of each component in the mother liquor is 200 times of the final concentration, and the mother liquor is stored at room temperature for later use.
Example 3:
the general nutrient solution of lettuce (TYG) for indoor water planting of this embodiment, each element content is: 8.5mmol/L of nitrogen, 6.0mmol/L of potassium, 1.0mmol/L of phosphorus, 1.8mmol/L of calcium, 0.80mmol/L of magnesium, 0.03mmol/L of iron, 0.006mmol/L of manganese, 0.0001mmol/L of copper, 0.02mmol/L of boron, 0.007mmol/L of zinc, 0.0004mmol/L of molybdenum, 1.0mmol/L of sulfur and 0mmol/L of chlorine, wherein the raw material containing nitrogen comprises NH4 +-N and NO3 -N, NH4+ - -N/NO3- -N value 0.04.
The preparation method of the lettuce universal nutrient solution for indoor water culture comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of fertilizer A: weighing calcium ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate and chelated iron according to the formula requirements, wherein the potassium nitrate accounts for 1/2 of the total amount of the potassium nitrate in the formula, uniformly mixing, and standing at room temperature for later use. .
2) Preparing a fertilizer B: weighing potassium nitrate, monopotassium phosphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate according to the formula requirements, wherein the potassium nitrate accounts for 1/2 of the total amount of the potassium nitrate in the formula, uniformly mixing, and standing at room temperature for later use.
3) Preparation of fertilizer C: magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, manganese sulfate, boric acid, zinc sulfate, sodium molybdate, copper sulfate and potassium chloride are weighed according to the formula requirement, uniformly mixed and placed at room temperature for standby. .
The preparation method of the nutrient solution mother solution comprises the following steps:
1) dissolving the fertilizer A in RO water, and preparing mother liquor A after constant volume;
2) dissolving the fertilizer B in RO water, and preparing a mother solution B after constant volume;
3) dissolving the fertilizer C in RO water, and preparing mother liquor C after constant volume.
The concentration of each component in the mother liquor is 400 times of the final concentration, and the mother liquor is stored at room temperature for later use.
Example 4:
the lettuce general nutrient solution (LP) for indoor water culture comprises the following elements: 6.0mmol/L of nitrogen, 4.0mmol/L of potassium, 0.8mmol/L of phosphorus, 1.0mmol/L of calcium, 0.60mmol/L of magnesium, 0.03mmol/L of iron, 0.03mmol/L of manganese, 0.0002mmol/L of copper, 0.04mmol/L of boron, 0.012mmol/L of zinc, 0.0002mmol/L of molybdenum, 0.7mmol/L of sulfur, 0mmol/L of chlorine, NH4 +-N/NO3 -The value of-N is 0.08.
The preparation method of the lettuce universal nutrient solution for indoor water culture comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of fertilizer A: weighing calcium ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate and chelated iron according to the formula requirements, wherein the potassium nitrate accounts for 1/2 of the total amount of the potassium nitrate in the formula, uniformly mixing, and standing at room temperature for later use. .
2) Preparing a fertilizer B: weighing potassium nitrate, monopotassium phosphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate according to the formula requirements, wherein the potassium nitrate accounts for 1/2 of the total amount of the potassium nitrate in the formula, uniformly mixing, and standing at room temperature for later use.
3) Preparation of fertilizer C: magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, manganese sulfate, boric acid, zinc sulfate, sodium molybdate, copper sulfate and potassium chloride are weighed according to the formula requirement, uniformly mixed and placed at room temperature for standby. .
The preparation method of the nutrient solution mother solution comprises the following steps:
1) dissolving the fertilizer A in RO water, and preparing mother liquor A after constant volume;
2) dissolving the fertilizer B in RO water, and preparing a mother solution B after constant volume;
3) dissolving the fertilizer C in RO water, and preparing mother liquor C after constant volume.
The concentration of each component in the mother liquor is 400 times of the final concentration, and the mother liquor is stored at room temperature for later use.
Example 5:
the preparation method of the lettuce general nutrient solution of the embodiment is the same as that of the embodiment 1. The lettuce general nutrient solution is adopted to carry out cultivation tests in an indoor fully artificial light environment. The test varieties are 6 different lettuce seeds, and the specific test steps are as follows:
(1) sowing and accelerating germination, namely directly sowing lettuce seeds in 2.5 cm-2.5 cm square sponges, and slightly exposing the tops of the seeds by 1-2 mm. The germination accelerating conditions are as follows: accelerating germination under the dark condition at the temperature of 23 ℃ and the relative humidity of 90 percent; when the proportion of the exposed white seeds reaches more than 80 percent, moving the seeds to a seedling exercising bed and exercising the seedlings under the light.
(2) Hardening seedlings: when seed leaves grow out, draining the water in the seeding tray, and adding nutrient solution. The method is carried out under the condition of illumination, and the environmental conditions are as follows: the day and night temperature is maintained at 20-23 deg.C/18-20 deg.C, relative humidity is 70-90%, and carbon dioxide concentration is 800-1200 ppm. After 8 days, seedlings were grown.
(3) Seedling culture: the planting density is 180 plants/m2The depth of the nutrient solution is determined by submerging the root system 2/3, the nutrient solution is carried out under the illumination condition, and the environmental conditions are as follows: the day and night temperature is maintained at 20-23 deg.C/18-20 deg.C, relative humidity is 70-90%, and carbon dioxide concentration is 800-1200 ppm. After 10 days, separate cultivation was carried out.
(4) Separate planting: the planting density is 30 plants/m2The depth of the nutrient solution is determined by submerging the root system 1/3. The cultivation conditions are as follows: cultivating under light condition, day and night temperatureThe temperature is maintained at 20-23 ℃/18-20 ℃, the relative humidity is 70-90%, and the carbon dioxide concentration is 800-.
(5) Harvesting: namely, harvesting is carried out 20 days after the separate planting. The whole period from sowing to harvesting is about 40 days.
The light environment conditions are as follows: (a) the light environment in the seedling hardening period is as follows: the proportion of optical quantum number with the wavelength of 380-399nm is 0, the proportion of optical quantum number with the wavelength of 400-499nm is 22%, the proportion of optical quantum number with the wavelength of 500-599nm is 14%, the proportion of optical quantum number with the wavelength of 600-699nm is 47%, the proportion of optical quantum number with the wavelength of 700-780nm is 17%, the light intensity is 200-210 mu mol/square meter & s, and the illumination time is 12 h/d; (b) the light environment in the seedling raising period is as follows: the proportion of the light quantum number with the wavelength of 380-399nm is 0, the proportion of the light quantum number with the wavelength of 400-499nm is 22%, the proportion of the light quantum number with the wavelength of 500-599nm is 14%, the proportion of the light quantum number with the wavelength of 600-699nm is 47%, and the proportion of the light quantum number with the wavelength of 700-780nm is 17%; the light intensity is 250-280 mu mol/square meter/s, and the illumination time is 12 h/d; (c) the light environment in the separate planting stage is as follows: the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 380-399nm is 0%, the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 400-499nm is 14%, the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 500-599nm is 18%, the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 600-699nm is 52%, and the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 700-780nm is 16%; the light intensity is 300-310 mu mol/square meter/s, and the illumination time is 10 h/d.
The nutrient solution conditions were as follows: the lettuce universal nutrient solution provided by the invention is used in the whole cultivation period (the preparation method is the same as the embodiment 1); (a) and (3) hardening seedling stage: sequentially adding equal amount of the mother liquor A, the mother liquor B and the mother liquor C into a water bucket filled with water to prepare a seedling hardening period nutrient solution with EC of 1.0-1.2mS/cm and pH value of 5.5-7.0; after the bottom of the seedling tray and the sponge are drained, the nutrient solution in the seedling refining period is added from the bottom of the seedling tray, and the bottom of the sponge is contacted with the nutrient solution; in the whole seedling hardening period, the nutrient solution is supplemented according to the water amount of the seedling tray. (b) And (3) seedling raising period: sequentially adding the same amount of the mother solution A, the mother solution B and the mother solution C into a water tank of a seedling module filled with water, so that the EC of the nutrient solution in the water tank is 1.2-1.4mS/cm, and the pH value is 5.5-7.0; after the mother solution is added for the first time, no acid or alkali is added for adjustment when the pH value is between 5.5 and 6.0, in the process of seedling culture, the mother solution needs to be supplemented if the EC of the nutrient solution is lower than 1.2, and a small amount of 30 percent sodium hydroxide solution or 5 percent dilute nitric acid or dilute phosphoric acid needs to be added for adjustment if the pH value of the nutrient solution deviates from 5.5 to 7.0. (c) And (3) a separate planting period: sequentially adding equal amounts of the mother liquor A, the mother liquor B and the mother liquor C into a water tank of a cultivation module filled with water, so that the EC of the nutrient solution in the water tank is 1.4-1.8mS/cm, and the pH value is 5.5-7.0; after the mother solution is added for the first time, no acid or alkali is added for adjustment when the pH value is between 5.5 and 6.0, and in the process of separate cultivation, if the EC of the nutrient solution is lower than 1.4, the mother solution needs to be added, and if the pH value of the nutrient solution deviates from 5.5 to 7.0, a proper amount of 30 percent sodium hydroxide solution or 5 percent dilute nitric acid or dilute phosphoric acid needs to be added for adjustment.
And meanwhile, a control group nutrient solution is selected for cultivation, and the management mode is the same as that of the test example. NH of control nutrient solution4 +-N/NO3 -The value of-N was 0.18, and the contents of other elements were the same as in example 1. After the lettuce is harvested, the fresh weight, the plant height and the spread are counted, and the comparison and statistics results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Through the results of the test example and the comparison example, the general nutrient solution for lettuce disclosed by the invention example 1 is used for water culture of lettuce in indoor full-artificial light conditions, and the plant height, the overground part fresh weight and the root fresh weight of the lettuce are higher than those of the lettuce of the same comparison example, and particularly the overground part fresh weight (yield) is improved by 10.49-31.14%.
Example 6:
the preparation method of the lettuce universal nutrient solution is the same as that of the embodiments 2 to 4. The lettuce general nutrient solution is adopted to carry out cultivation tests in an indoor fully artificial light environment. The tested varieties are green dish lettuce, elegant lettuce, and Boston lettuce. The specific test steps are as follows:
(1) sowing and accelerating germination, namely directly sowing lettuce seeds in 2.5 cm-2.5 cm square sponges, and slightly exposing the tops of the seeds by 1-2 mm. The germination accelerating conditions are as follows: accelerating germination under the dark condition at the temperature of 23 ℃ and the relative humidity of 90 percent; when the proportion of the exposed white seeds reaches more than 80 percent, moving the seeds to a seedling exercising bed and exercising the seedlings under the light.
(2) Hardening seedlings: when seed leaves grow out, draining the water in the seeding tray, and adding nutrient solution. The method is carried out under the condition of illumination, and the environmental conditions are as follows: the day and night temperature is maintained at 20-23 deg.C/18-20 deg.C, relative humidity is 70-90%, and carbon dioxide concentration is 800-1200 ppm. After 8 days, seedlings were grown.
(3) Seedling culture: the planting density is 180 plants/m2The depth of the nutrient solution is determined by submerging the root system 2/3, the nutrient solution is carried out under the illumination condition, and the environmental conditions are as follows: the day and night temperature is maintained at 20-23 deg.C/18-20 deg.C, relative humidity is 70-90%, and carbon dioxide concentration is 800-1200 ppm. After 10 days, separate cultivation was carried out.
(4) Separate planting: the planting density is 54 plants/m2The depth of the nutrient solution is determined by submerging the root system 1/3. The cultivation conditions are as follows: cultivating under the condition of illumination, wherein the day and night temperature is maintained at 20-23 deg.C/18-20 deg.C, the relative humidity is 70-90%, and the carbon dioxide concentration is 800-.
(5) Harvesting: harvesting 26 days after the separate planting. The whole period from sowing to harvesting is about 45 days.
The light environment conditions are as follows: (a) the light environment in the seedling hardening period is as follows: the proportion of 0% of the optical quantum number with the wavelength of 380-399nm, 24% of the optical quantum number with the wavelength of 400-499nm, 15% of the optical quantum number with the wavelength of 500-599nm, 48% of the optical quantum number with the wavelength of 600-699nm, 13% of the optical quantum number with the wavelength of 700-780nm, 200-210 mu mol/square meter/s of light intensity and 12h/d of illumination time are adopted; (b) the light environment in the seedling raising period is as follows: the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 380-399nm is 0 percent, the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 400-499nm is 24 percent, the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 500-599nm is 15 percent, the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 600-699nm is 48 percent, and the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 700-780nm is 13 percent; the light intensity is 250-280 mu mol/square meter/s, and the illumination time is 12 h/d; (c) the light environment in the separate planting stage is as follows: the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 380-399nm is 0%, the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 400-499nm is 13%, the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 500-599nm is 19%, the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 600-699nm is 53%, and the proportion of the light quantum with the wavelength of 700-780nm is 15%; the light intensity is 300-310 mu mol/square meter/s, and the illumination time is 8 h/d.
The nutrient solution conditions were as follows: the lettuce universal nutrient solution provided by the invention is used in the whole cultivation period (the preparation method is the same as the implementation 2-4); (a) and (3) hardening seedling stage: sequentially adding equal amount of the mother liquor A, B and C into a bucket filled with water to obtain a seedling hardening period nutrient solution with EC value of 1.0-1.2mS/cm and pH value of 5.5-7.0; after the bottom of the seedling tray and the sponge are drained, the nutrient solution in the seedling refining period is added from the bottom of the seedling tray, and the bottom of the sponge is contacted with the nutrient solution; in the whole seedling hardening period, the nutrient solution is supplemented according to the water amount of the seedling tray. (b) And (3) seedling raising period: sequentially adding equivalent mother liquor A, mother liquor B and mother liquor C into a water tank of a seedling module filled with water, wherein the EC of the nutrient solution in the water tank is 1.2-1.4mS/cm, and the pH value is 5.5-7.0; after the mother solution is added for the first time, no acid or alkali is added for adjustment when the pH value is between 5.5 and 6.0, in the process of seedling culture, the mother solution needs to be added if the EC of the nutrient solution is lower than 1.2, and 30% sodium hydroxide solution or 5% dilute nitric acid or dilute phosphoric acid needs to be added for adjustment if the pH value of the nutrient solution deviates from 5.5 to 7.0. (c) And (3) a separate planting period: sequentially adding equal amounts of mother liquor A, mother liquor B and mother liquor C into a water tank of a cultivation module filled with water, so that EC of nutrient solution in the water tank is 1.4-1.6mS/cm, and pH value is 5.5-7.0; after the mother solution is added for the first time, no acid or alkali is added for adjustment when the pH value is between 5.5 and 6.0, and in the process of separate cultivation, if the EC of the nutrient solution is lower than 1.4, the mother solution needs to be added, and if the pH value of the nutrient solution deviates from 5.5 to 7.0, a proper amount of 30 percent sodium hydroxide solution or 5 percent dilute nitric acid or dilute phosphoric acid needs to be added for adjustment.
And meanwhile, a control group nutrient solution is selected for cultivation, and the management mode is the same as that of the test example. The contrast group nutrient solution is a Japanese garden type balanced nutrient solution.
During the lettuce cultivation, the pH of the nutrient solution is controlled to be 5.5-7.0 by adding 30% of sodium hydroxide solution and 5% of dilute nitric acid. During the whole cultivation period, the pH value of the nutrient solution for lettuce in the embodiment 2-4 is stable, only a small amount of alkali liquor needs to be added at the early stage of the separate cultivation, and the pH value of the nutrient solution at the later stage of the separate cultivation is controlled to be 6.0-7.0.
After the lettuce is harvested, the fresh weight, the plant height and the spread are counted, and the comparison and statistics results are shown in Table 2
TABLE 2
Note: "-" indicates no coke edge; "+" indicates a lower degree of focal edge, and more + indicates a higher degree of focal edge.
From the results of the experimental example and the comparative example, it was found that the use of the lettuce universal nutrient solution of the present invention in the indoor all-artificial light conditions for the hydroponics of green dishes, elegant, boston lettuce improved the fresh weight of the overground part to a degree that was not useful as compared with the control group (japanese gardening balanced nutrient solution), and the degree of the burnt edge of boston was lower than that of the control group.
Although the embodiments above have been described, a person skilled in the art will appreciate that other variations and modifications can be made to these embodiments once the basic inventive concept is obtained, so that the above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent changes made by the present specification, or any other related technical fields directly or indirectly, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A general nutrient solution for lettuce used for indoor water culture is characterized in that the nutrient components comprise 6.0-8.5mmol/L of nitrogen, 4.0-6.0mmol/L of potassium, 0.4-1.0mmol/L of phosphorus, 0.8-1.8mmol/L of calcium, 0.6-1.0mmol/L of magnesium, 0.03-0.07mmol/L of ferrum, 0.006-0.036mmol/L of manganese, 0.0001-0.0003mmol/L of copper, 0.018-0.05mmol/L of boron, 0.007-0.03mmol/L of zinc, 0.0002-0.0004mmol/L of molybdenum, 0.7-1.0mmol/L of sulfur and 0-0.007mmol/L of chlorine, wherein the raw material containing nitrogen comprises NH4 +-N and NO3 --N, and NH4 +-N/NO3 -The value of-N is 0.04-0.08。
2. The lettuce universal nutrient solution for indoor water culture as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution is prepared from a solid nutrient solution water-soluble fertilizer, and the solid nutrient solution water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following components: calcium ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, EDTA chelated iron, boric acid, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, sodium molybdate and potassium chloride.
3. The lettuce universal nutrient solution for indoor water culture as claimed in claim 2, wherein the solid nutrient solution water soluble fertilizer consists of fertilizer A, fertilizer B and fertilizer C, wherein the fertilizer A consists of a mixture of calcium ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate and chelated iron; the fertilizer B is formed by mixing potassium nitrate, monopotassium phosphate and dipotassium phosphate; and the fertilizer C is formed by mixing magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, boric acid, zinc sulfate, sodium molybdate and copper sulfate.
4. The lettuce universal nutrient solution for indoor water culture as claimed in the claim, wherein the mass ratio of potassium nitrate in the fertilizer A to potassium nitrate in the fertilizer B is 1: 1-2.
5. A preparation method of a lettuce universal nutrient solution for indoor water culture is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a solid nutrient solution water-soluble fertilizer:
a. according to the working concentration of each nutrient component in the nutrient solution of 6.0-8.5mmol/L of nitrogen, 4.0-6.0mmol/L of potassium, 0.4-1.0mmol/L of phosphorus, 0.8-1.8mmol/L of calcium, 0.6-1.0mmol/L of magnesium, 0.03-0.07mmol/L of iron, 0.006-0.036mmol/L of manganese, 0.0001-0.0003mmol/L of copper, 0.018-0.05mmol/L of boron, 0.007-0.03mmol/L of zinc, 0.0002-0.0004mmol/L of molybdenum, 0.7-1.0mmol/L of sulfur and 0-0.007mmol/L of chlorine, wherein the raw material containing nitrogen comprises NH4 +-N and NO3 --N, and NH4 +-N/NO3 -A value of-NWeighing the required raw materials of calcium ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, chelated iron, monopotassium phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, boric acid, zinc sulfate, sodium molybdate and copper sulfate according to the standard of 0.04-0.08;
b. preparation of fertilizer A: uniformly mixing calcium ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate and chelated iron, and standing at room temperature for later use;
c. preparing a fertilizer B: mixing potassium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, and standing at room temperature;
d. preparation of fertilizer C: uniformly mixing magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, boric acid, zinc sulfate, sodium molybdate and copper sulfate, and standing at room temperature for later use;
(2) preparing a concentrated nutrient solution: respectively dissolving a fertilizer A, a fertilizer B and a fertilizer C in RO water to prepare a mother solution A, a mother solution B and a mother solution C, wherein the concentrations of the mother solution A, the mother solution B and the mother solution C are 200-fold and 400-fold of the working concentration of the nutrient solution;
(3) preparing a working nutrient solution on site: and (3) sequentially adding the same amount of the mother liquor A, the mother liquor B and the mother liquor C into a water bucket filled with water, stirring while adding, and fixing the volume to obtain a working nutrient solution which is used along with the preparation.
6. The preparation method of the lettuce universal nutrient solution for indoor water culture as claimed in claim 5, wherein the mass ratio of potassium nitrate used for preparing the fertilizer A to potassium nitrate used for preparing the fertilizer B is 1: 1-2.
7. Use of the lettuce universal nutrient solution for indoor hydroponics as claimed in claims 1-4 or the lettuce universal nutrient solution prepared by the preparation method as claimed in any one of claims 5-6, characterized by cultivation application in artificial light environment in lettuce rooms.
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