CN111348966A - Soilless culture nutrient solution for leaf vegetables - Google Patents
Soilless culture nutrient solution for leaf vegetables Download PDFInfo
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- CN111348966A CN111348966A CN202010368968.5A CN202010368968A CN111348966A CN 111348966 A CN111348966 A CN 111348966A CN 202010368968 A CN202010368968 A CN 202010368968A CN 111348966 A CN111348966 A CN 111348966A
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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Abstract
The invention discloses a leafy vegetable soilless culture nutrient solution, which comprises a major element solution and a trace element solution, wherein the major element solution comprises calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and the trace element solution comprises EDTA chelated iron, ferrous sulfate, boric acid, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate and ammonium molybdate. The soilless culture nutrient solution for the leaf vegetables is adopted, so that the leaf vegetables are guaranteed to grow well, the preparation is convenient, the storage time is long, and no precipitate is generated after long-time storage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nutrient solutions, in particular to a leaf vegetable soilless culture nutrient solution.
Background
The leaf vegetables are vegetables which take the fat and tender leaves and petioles of plants as edible objects. The variety of the leaf vegetables is various, and China is the country with the most abundant production variety and variety of the leaf vegetables, and comprises green vegetables, Chinese cabbages and the like. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of the living standard of people, the agricultural production technology is rapidly developed, and under the situation, the soilless culture is rapidly developed.
Soilless culture replaces the soil environment with artificially created crop root system environment, and can not only meet the requirements of crops on mineral nutrition, moisture and oxygen, but also artificially control and adjust the environment, so that the produced products are superior to soil culture in quantity and quality. The soilless culture gets rid of the heavy work processes of soil turning, furrow preparation, weeding and the like in the soil culture, and the mechanized or automatic operation is gradually realized in the whole soilless culture production, thereby greatly reducing the labor intensity and improving the labor efficiency.
The core technology of soilless culture is the preparation and management of nutrient solution, a balanced nutrient solution formula has salts which can generate precipitates mutually, and various nutrient elements in the nutrient solution can be ensured to be effectively supplied for the growth of crops only by adopting a correct method to prepare the nutrient solution, so that the high yield and high quality of culture can be obtained. Incorrect formulation methods, on the one hand, may render certain nutrients ineffective; on the other hand, the element balance in the nutrient solution can be influenced, and in severe cases, the root system of crops can be injured, and even the crops can die.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the soilless culture nutrient solution for the leaf vegetables, which ensures that the leaf vegetables grow well, is convenient to prepare, has long storage time and does not generate precipitates after being stored for a long time.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a leafy vegetable soilless culture nutrient solution which comprises a major element solution and a trace element solution, wherein the major element solution comprises calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and the trace element solution comprises EDTA chelated iron, ferrous sulfate, boric acid, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate and ammonium molybdate.
Preferably, the composition and the proportion of the macroelement solution are that each ton of water consists of 900-1060g of calcium nitrate, 760-880g of potassium nitrate, 540-670g of magnesium sulfate and 124-175g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.
Preferably, the composition and the proportion of the trace element solution are that every hundred tons of water consists of 1420-1580g of EDTA chelated iron, 351-394g of ferrous sulfate, 64-87g of boric acid, 48-59g of manganese sulfate, 6-9g of zinc sulfate, 0.7-1.5g of copper sulfate and 0.4-0.6g of ammonium molybdate.
Preferably, the macroelement solution comprises 1000g of calcium nitrate, 810g of potassium nitrate, 600g of magnesium sulfate and 155g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate in each ton of water.
Preferably, the microelement solution comprises 1500g of EDTA chelated iron, 375g of ferrous sulfate, 71.5g of boric acid, 53.3g of manganese sulfate, 8g of zinc sulfate, 1.1g of copper sulfate and 0.5g of ammonium molybdate per hundred tons of water.
A preparation method of a soilless culture nutrient solution for leafy vegetables comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing the macroelements in proportion, adding water, mixing uniformly, dissolving in 1t of water, and preparing macroelement stock solution;
s2, weighing the trace elements in proportion, adding the trace elements into 20kg of water, uniformly mixing, and adding water to 100t to prepare a trace element stock solution;
and S3, adding 300mL of the trace element stock solution into each ton of the macroelement stock solution, and uniformly mixing.
A method for using a nutrient solution for soilless culture of leaf vegetables comprises the following steps:
s1, adjusting the concentration of the nutrient solution according to the growth period of the leaf vegetables, wherein the management concentration requirement of the middle and later growth periods is higher than that of the early growth period and the seedling period; adding the prepared nutrient solution into a culture container, and adjusting the pH value to 6.0-6.7;
and S2, adding a quantitative nutrient solution every day, and monitoring the EC value of the conductivity in the nutrient solution.
Therefore, the soilless culture nutrient solution for the leaf vegetables ensures that the leaf vegetables grow well, is convenient to prepare, has long storage time and does not generate precipitates after being stored for a long time.
The nutrient elements of the nutrient solution consist of more than ten major and trace elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron, magnesium, sulfur, boron, zinc, copper, molybdenum, chlorine and the like, and the major and trace elements exist in the form of salt. However, when plants absorb nutrients, the plants do not absorb molecules of salt but absorb related ions, and the three elements of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen required by the plants are derived from air and water.
The nutrient solution comprises mineral nutrients necessary for the growth of crops, and the plant root system absorbs water and nutrients from the substrate because the nutrient supply for facility cultivation is dripped into the substrate through the full-value nutrient solution. Therefore, the nutrient solution cannot have precipitate, and the components cannot have chemical reaction if the nutrient solution has proper pH value. Therefore, the factors such as the solubility, the pH value and the stability of the fertilizer, the carried side ingredients, the price and the like are comprehensively considered, and the nitrogen source is mainly urea and calcium nitrate and is supplemented by potassium nitrate. The phosphorus source is potassium dihydrogen phosphate or phosphoric acid. The potassium source is mainly potassium sulfate and is supplemented by potassium nitrate. The calcium is provided by calcium nitrate, the magnesium source is magnesium sulfate, and the iron source is chelated iron, such as edta-fe, dtpa-fe, edtha-fe, and the like. The chemical properties of copper, zinc, manganese, boron, molybdenum and chlorine are stable, wherein the sulfate of copper, zinc and manganese has good solubility, and sulfur is also required by plants and is generally used. Borax for boron and ammonium molybdate for molybdenum. The chlorine demand is small and the water source is full of chlorine.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the following examples.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be further explained below.
The soilless culture nutrient solution for the leaf vegetables comprises a macroelement solution and a microelement solution, wherein the macroelement solution comprises calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and the macroelement solution comprises 1060g of calcium nitrate, 760 880g of potassium nitrate, 670g of magnesium sulfate and 124-175g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate in each ton of water.
The trace element solution comprises EDTA chelated iron, ferrous sulfate, boric acid, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate and ammonium molybdate. The trace element solution comprises the components and the proportion of each hundred tons of water, and the trace element solution consists of 1420-1580g of EDTA chelated iron, 351-394g of ferrous sulfate, 64-87g of boric acid, 48-59g of manganese sulfate, 6-9g of zinc sulfate, 0.7-1.5g of copper sulfate and 0.4-0.6g of ammonium molybdate.
A preparation method of a soilless culture nutrient solution for leafy vegetables comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing the macroelements in proportion, adding water, mixing uniformly, dissolving in 1t of water to prepare a macroelement stock solution, storing for 2 months, observing, and clarifying the solution;
s2, weighing the trace elements in proportion, adding the trace elements into 20kg of water, uniformly mixing, adding water to 100t to prepare a trace element stock solution, storing for 2 months, observing, and clarifying the solution;
and S3, adding 300mL of the trace element stock solution into each ton of the macroelement stock solution, and uniformly mixing.
A method for using a nutrient solution for soilless culture of leaf vegetables comprises the following steps:
s1, adjusting the concentration of the nutrient solution according to the growth period of the leaf vegetables, wherein the management concentration requirement of the middle and later growth periods is higher than that of the early growth period and the seedling period; adding the prepared nutrient solution into a culture container, and adjusting the pH value to 6.0-6.7;
and S2, adding a quantitative nutrient solution every day, and monitoring the EC value of the conductivity in the nutrient solution. Taking tomatoes as an example, the concentration (EC value) of the nutrient solution in the seedling raising period is 1.2-1.8 ms/cm, the growth period is 1.5-2.0 ms/cm, and the growth later period can be increased to 1.8-2.8 ms/cm.
The method is specifically mastered according to different cultivation modes, different seasons, different crops and different growth stages, the liquid supply frequency of matrix cultivation can be reduced, and NFT cultivation needs to be carried out for multiple times every day. The liquid supply amount per minute for NFT fruit and vegetable cultivation is 2 liters, while the leaf and vegetable cultivation only needs 1 liter.
Due to the need for crop growth, absorption of nutrients and absorption of large amounts of water are constantly being selected. In addition, the concentration of the nutrient solution changes due to evaporation and consumption of the cultivation bed surface, the liquid supply pipeline and the liquid supply pool, and the nutrient solution needs to be periodically checked, adjusted and supplemented. When the detected concentration and nutrient condition change, the nutrient condition change can be obtained through nutrient analysis or the test result of conductivity (EC value), and then the mother liquor is supplemented. When the test is not carried out, the nutrient solution can be supplemented with the original standard concentration nutrient solution with the same volume according to the water consumption of the liquid supply tank, and the waste nutrient solution can be replaced regularly to keep the stability of the nutrient solution in the tank.
During the growth period of crops, the pH value of the nutrient solution changes greatly, which directly influences the absorption, growth and development of the crops on nutrients and influences the existing state, transformation and effectiveness of the nutrients in the nutrient solution. For example, phosphate is easy to precipitate in alkalinity, which affects utilization; deficiency may also occur due to the decrease in solubility of manganese, iron, etc. in alkaline solutions. Therefore, the pH of the nutrient solution should be monitored and adjusted by phosphoric acid (nitric acid, sulfuric acid, potassium hydroxide) respectively, and the application range of different crops to the pH is not consistent and needs to be controlled strictly.
In addition, in production, the nutrient solution is oxygenated through water circulation and an oxygenation facility, the survival of microorganisms and algae in water is reduced, and a good growing environment is provided for plants.
Example one
The macroelement solution comprises 1000g of calcium nitrate, 810g of potassium nitrate, 600g of magnesium sulfate and 155g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate in each ton of water.
The trace element solution comprises 1500g of EDTA chelated iron, 375g of ferrous sulfate, 71.5g of boric acid, 53.3g of manganese sulfate, 8g of zinc sulfate, 1.1g of copper sulfate and 0.5g of ammonium molybdate per hundred tons of water.
Test of
1. Test sample
Test groups: and (4) screening spinach seeds with full seeds, accelerating germination and then growing seedlings on a sand tray. When the leaf grows to 4 leaves, the leaf is placed in a culture dish.
Control group: and (4) screening spinach seeds with full seeds, planting the spinach seeds in normally fertilized soil, and calculating the time when the spinach seeds grow to 4 leaves.
2. Test method
The culture mode of the test group is nutrient solution membrane technology, the nutrient solution of the first embodiment is adopted in the whole growth period of the nutrient solution, the pH value of the nutrient solution is controlled to be 6.4-6.7, and the EC is controlled to be 2.3-2.6. Adding quantitative nutrient solution every day, and continuously ventilating.
Spinach of the test group and the control group were randomly sampled for 3 groups of 10 plants after 1 month of culture, and the plants were weighed and recorded after washing.
3. And (3) test results: after weighing the spinach of the test group and the spinach of the control group, the average weight of the spinach of the test group is 1210g +/-9 g, the average weight of the spinach of the control group is 1090 +/-10 g, and the spinach of the test group is obviously heavier than the spinach of the control group.
Therefore, the soilless culture nutrient solution for the leaf vegetables ensures that the leaf vegetables grow well, is convenient to prepare, has long storage time and does not generate precipitates after being stored for a long time.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A soilless culture nutrient solution for leafy vegetables is characterized in that: the trace element solution comprises EDTA chelated iron, ferrous sulfate, boric acid, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate and ammonium molybdate.
2. The nutrient solution for soilless culture of leafy vegetables according to claim 1, characterized in that: the macroelement solution comprises the components and the mixture ratio of 900-1060g of calcium nitrate, 760-880g of potassium nitrate, 540-670g of magnesium sulfate and 124-175g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate in each ton of water.
3. The nutrient solution for soilless culture of leafy vegetables according to claim 1, characterized in that: the trace element solution comprises the components and the proportion of each hundred tons of water, and the trace element solution consists of 1420-1580g of EDTA chelated iron, 351-394g of ferrous sulfate, 64-87g of boric acid, 48-59g of manganese sulfate, 6-9g of zinc sulfate, 0.7-1.5g of copper sulfate and 0.4-0.6g of ammonium molybdate.
4. The nutrient solution for soilless culture of leafy vegetables according to claim 1, characterized in that: the macroelement solution comprises 1000g of calcium nitrate, 810g of potassium nitrate, 600g of magnesium sulfate and 155g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate in each ton of water.
5. The nutrient solution for soilless culture of leafy vegetables according to claim 1, characterized in that: the trace element solution comprises 1500g of EDTA chelated iron, 375g of ferrous sulfate, 71.5g of boric acid, 53.3g of manganese sulfate, 8g of zinc sulfate, 1.1g of copper sulfate and 0.5g of ammonium molybdate per hundred tons of water.
6. A method for preparing the nutrient solution for soilless culture of leafy vegetables according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized by the steps of:
s1, weighing the macroelements in proportion, adding water, mixing uniformly, dissolving in 1t of water, and preparing macroelement stock solution;
s2, weighing the trace elements in proportion, adding the trace elements into 20kg of water, uniformly mixing, and adding water to 100t to prepare a trace element stock solution;
and S3, adding 300mL of the trace element stock solution into each ton of the macroelement stock solution, and uniformly mixing.
7. A method for using the nutrient solution for soilless culture of leafy vegetables according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized by the steps of:
s1, adjusting the concentration of the nutrient solution according to the growth period of the leaf vegetables, wherein the management concentration requirement of the middle and later growth periods is higher than that of the early growth period and the seedling period; adding the prepared nutrient solution into a culture container, and adjusting the pH value to 6.0-6.7;
and S2, adding a quantitative nutrient solution every day, and monitoring the EC value of the conductivity in the nutrient solution.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112673908A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-20 | 广西雾野农业科技有限公司 | Atomization interplanting device and application thereof |
| CN114560730A (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2022-05-31 | 山东菜生生肥业有限公司 | Special nutrient solution formula for soilless culture and preparation method thereof |
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| CN107459395A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-12-12 | 欧英俊 | A kind of nutrient solution and its compound method for water planting romaine lettuce |
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Patent Citations (5)
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| CN103980028A (en) * | 2014-06-08 | 2014-08-13 | 云南睿智农业科技有限公司 | Nutrient solution for soil-free cultivation of vegetables |
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| CN107459395A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-12-12 | 欧英俊 | A kind of nutrient solution and its compound method for water planting romaine lettuce |
| CN108658642A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-10-16 | 保山华大智慧农业科技股份有限公司 | A kind of general soilless culture nutrient fluid formula of leaf vegetables and preparation method |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112673908A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-20 | 广西雾野农业科技有限公司 | Atomization interplanting device and application thereof |
| CN112673908B (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2023-10-31 | 广西雾野农业科技有限公司 | Atomizing interplanting device and application thereof |
| CN114560730A (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2022-05-31 | 山东菜生生肥业有限公司 | Special nutrient solution formula for soilless culture and preparation method thereof |
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