RU2453089C2 - Stone-picking machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machinery. The stone-picking machine comprises a trapezoidal frame. On the frame chain conveyors are located. On the conveyors the rakes with straight and sickle teeth are fixed. The rakes with sickle teeth are mounted with an ability to rotate counterclockwise. The rakes with sickle teeth have shanks that can enter to the groove of the guides. The guides together with the rakes with sickle teeth are made with an ability of oscillative motion in the horizontal plane.

EFFECT: reduction of energy costs and efficiency of selection of stones is provided.

4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, namely to stone harvesting machines for harvesting stones from arable land.

Known rake rake type design of the North Caucasus NIIIGPSH (Information leaflet of the North Ossetian Central Scientific Research Institute No. 3, Vladikavkaz, 1985).

Known rake consists of a frame with a chain conveyor fixed on it, on which a rake-type stone picker is installed, equipped with straight teeth mounted in a row, and a rake.

A disadvantage of the known device is the reduced coefficient of selection of stones. This drawback is eliminated in the combined unit, the stone picker of which, in addition to the straight rake, includes a rake with sickle-shaped teeth, while the straight-tooth rake and a rake with sickle-shaped teeth alternate, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of stone selection.

The well-known combined unit is taken by us as the closest analogue.

A significant drawback of the stone picker of known design is that the crescent rakes are found in the soil on the entire lower section, as a result of which a lot of soil is taken and increased energy costs.

To eliminate these drawbacks, rakes with sickle-shaped teeth are installed with the possibility of turning counterclockwise, having tails with rollers at the ends, which can enter guides installed on the vibrator body.

The installation of a rake with crescent-shaped teeth with the possibility of turning counterclockwise allows you to remove the selected stones at the beginning of the working area, and since the chain is vibrated in the lower part, the soil is sifted through the crescent-shaped teeth.

1 schematically shows a stone harvesting machine. Figure 2 is a front view of the machine along arrow G of figure 1. Figure 3 shows the arrangement of the working bodies of the direct swept and sickle-shaped teeth on swath-forming conveyors in expanded form (top view.) Figure 4 shows a rake with sickle-shaped teeth with extracted stones. Figure 1, 2, 3, 4 shows a stone-harvesting machine, consisting of a trapezoidal frame 1 (figure 1), a chain conveyor of the rake 2, a chain conveyor of a pick-up 3, a gearbox 4, a drive shaft 5, an asterisk of a drive shaft 6, upper driven shafts 7 and 9, the sprockets of the upper driven shafts 8 and 10, the lower drive shaft 11, the sprockets of the lower drive shaft 12, the rake rollers 13, the rake with straight teeth of the inner row of the rake 14, the rake with straight teeth, the outer row of the pick-up 15. The rollers 16 are mounted straight teeth of the inner and outer rows 14, 15 and swept teeth 17 (hereinafter all types of teeth together with rollers will be called a rake and denoted by one number), rollers of the outer row of the pick-up 18, rakes with sickle-shaped teeth of the outer row of the pick-up 19, passive screen 20, vibrator 21, cardan shaft 22 , adjustable running wheels 23. A rake with sickle teeth 17 and 19 have shanks 25 (Fig. 4) with rollers 24, which can enter guides 26 mounted on vibrator 21, traction, inclined conveyor 27, body 28 near a moving vehicle, chain 29 conveyors ryamye teeth 30.

Figure 3 - on the chain conveyors of the rake 2, the working bodies - straight, teeth 14, 15 - are mounted on the rollers 13 and are placed on the imaginary sides of the isosceles triangle. Moreover, the teeth of the inner row 14 are spaced at a greater interval than the outer 15, and remove large stones, and the outer row removes smaller stones. Counter stones with straight teeth 14, 15 are discarded to the axis of symmetry, where a stone roll is formed.

For the selection of stones from the roll on the chain conveyor of the pick-up 3, sickle-shaped teeth 17, 19 are installed on the transverse rollers 16, 18 (Figs. 1, 3). Moreover, on the inner rollers 16 they are installed with a larger interval than on the outer rollers 18, and remove larger stones, and the sickle-shaped teeth of the outer roller 18 remove small stones.

Thus, in zone B, the crescent teeth extract stones from the soil, thereby reducing energy consumption, in zone B, stones are separated from the soil, since the guides 26 (Fig. 1) are brought into oscillatory motion in a horizontal plane across the conveyor.

The proposed machine operates as follows.

Before starting the operation of the unit directly on the field using the support-adjustable wheels 23 (Fig. 1), the depth of the working bodies into the soil is set — straight teeth 14, 15 of the swather and sickle-shaped teeth 17, 19 of the pick-up. This value depends on the characteristics of the soil, namely: with soft soils - 10-15, with hard soils 5-10 cm, then the operation of the mechanisms is checked idle. In this case, the rotation from the power take-off shaft is transmitted through the driveshaft 22 and the gearbox 4 to the drive shaft 5 with an asterisk 6, and also to the upper driven shafts 7, 9 with asterisks 8, 10 and the lower driven shaft 11 with an asterisk 12.

Arrow-shaped working bodies are installed on the chain conveyors of rakers and pick-up conveyor at different depths for layer-by-layer tillage and the removal of stones on the soil surface. For example, up to 15 cm on the first roller, up to 25 cm on the second, up to 30 cm on the third, depending on the degree of clogging with stones.

Using these shafts and sprockets, chain conveyors are driven with the working bodies of the rake and pick-up. Chain conveyors move counterclockwise, i.e. make a passing movement along the unit (arrows A, B in figure 1).

In zone B, the shanks 25 with rollers 24 enter the guides 26, the crescent teeth 17, 19 rotate counterclockwise, choosing stones from the soil, while the crescent teeth vibrate, separating the soil.

Sickle teeth 17, 19, picking up stones from the roll, with stones moving upward along the inclined part of frame 1 and on the upper branch (arrow B) stones are dropped on a passive screen 20. Then they fall on the bar conveyor 21 and after separation they pass through the inclined conveyor 27 in the body 28 next to a moving vehicle (not shown), which takes them to the places of disposal or storage.

The economic efficiency of the proposed stone harvesting machine is as follows:

1) increase in productivity by 10%,

2) cost reduction by 30%,

3) reduction in metal consumption by 20%,

4) increase in productivity per machine by 2 times.

Claims (1)

A stone-picking machine, including a trapezoidal frame, on which there are chain conveyors with straight and sickle-shaped teeth fixed to them, characterized in that the rake with sickle-shaped teeth are mounted with the possibility of rotation counterclockwise and have tails made with the possibility of entering into the groove of the guides, and the guides together with sickle-shaped teeth are driven into oscillatory motion in the horizontal plane.

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