RU2373674C2 - Stone collector - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural equipment particularly to stone collectors that remove stones from plough lands and other agricultural grounds. The stone collector has a combined frame. The frame has a tapered part on both sides of which there are rectangular parts with a horizontal base accommodating the sections of the chain conveyor with straight roll-making teeth. There is a collecting chain conveyor with sickle-shaped teeth on the tapered part of the frame. There are additional working units in the form of arrow-headed teeth mounted on the collecting chain conveyors and on the roll-making chain conveyors.

EFFECT: improved efficiency of stone collecting from plough land in one pass of the machine.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, and more particularly to machines for cleaning stones from arable land and other agricultural land.

Known stone harvesting machines for patents: USA No. 442979, Ford W. Show 1923, Russia No. 2289899 C2, 2005, Russia No. 2231242 C2, 2004, Russia No. 1658844 A1, 1991, Russia No. 1761010 A1, 1992, France No. 2201814 A, 1974, Russia No. 292608 A, 1971, the Finnish car "PATU", all other Russian cars belong to class. IPC A01B 43/00.

The closest of the analogues is the stone harvesting machine according to patent RU No. 2289899 А01В 43/00, it is intended for simultaneous harvesting of stones from the arable land surface and from a depth of 10-15 cm into a swath, selection of stones from a swath, soil separation and loading of stones into a body next to a moving one transport or to the bunker. The combination in one machine of the basic elements of the technological process of stone cleaning characterizes the machine as promising.

The machine is simple in design, not metal-intensive, has high productivity up to 30 ha per field working day.

However, this stone harvesting machine has a significant drawback: the stones are removed only from the field surface and from a depth of 10-15 cm. Thus, the main mass of stones remains in the arable layer, only the upper part of the arable layer is cleaned. This fact negatively affects the implementation of subsequent types of work this year and future years, and also reduces the yield of crops. Or, to remove stones from the arable layer, you have to again process the field with agricultural equipment to remove stones from the arable layer and re-pass the harvesting equipment. At the same time, the arable layer in one pass of the unit is not cleared of stones, so you have to repeat 2-3 times. Thus, there are large additional costs and other negative factors.

The objective of the invention is to increase the degree of purification of the arable layer of stones with one pass of the unit and reduce the cost of cleaning it from stones.

Using the proposed design, high efficiency is achieved, i.e. high degree of cleaning of the arable layer in one pass of the unit. As a result, labor costs, energy and others are reduced by 1 ha by 2–3 times.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that on the swath-forming chain conveyors of the stone harvesting machine according to the patent RU 2289899 C2 MPK А01B 43/00 dated January 17, 2005 and on its selecting conveyor in the proposed design additional working bodies of the swept type are installed, which remove the stones from the entire arable layer on the surface of the earth at the same time as the normal operation of the working bodies of the stone-harvesting machine. In this case, the swath-forming straight teeth pick up the stones brought to the surface and push them into the swath. Stones that are combed out of the soil with arrow-shaped teeth mounted on a picking conveyor, after reaching the surface, fall onto a roll of stones, from where they are selected together with other stones with the sickle-shaped teeth of the pick-up conveyor. Then the stones enter the separating device and are conveyed to the body by a nearby transport vehicle or into the hopper.

Arrow-shaped working bodies are installed on the chain conveyors of rakers and pick-up conveyor at different depths for layer-by-layer tillage and removal of stones to the soil surface (Fig. 4). For example, up to 15 cm on the first roller, up to 25 cm on the second, up to 30 cm on the third, depending on the degree of contamination of the field with stones. The proposed layered method of combing stones facilitates the work of all the working bodies of the machine, provides a high degree of cleaning of the arable layer in one pass of the unit. This result is achieved by the fact that the swept working bodies are arranged along the entire length of the chain conveyor of the interpreters, as well as a picking conveyor. For example, with a rectangular frame length of 3 m, the length of the chain conveyor located on it is 7 m. If we take into account the fact that on each meter of the rake conveyor chain one group of working bodies will be installed in three tiers, i.e. in the calculation for cleaning the upper, middle and lower tiers of the arable layer, then seven groups of working bodies will be placed on the rake chain conveyor 7 m long. This means that in one pass of the unit when the chain conveyor rotates at a speed greater than the speed of the tractor, the arable layer will be processed seven times. This is enough to completely clear the arable layer of stones. The speed of rotation of the chain conveyor may be greater than the speed of movement of the tractor. This is the main advantage of the proposed stone harvesting machine. It gives a great economic effect, because replaces several stone harvesting machines for various purposes. The combing method is the most economical compared to machines with a passive or active share, which select the entire arable layer, then process it, separating the stones from the soil. This is a very energy intensive process. The most economical is the method of layer-by-layer combing of stones from the entire depth of the arable layer.

The use of additional working bodies in the proposed stone harvesting machine for layer-by-layer removal of stones from the arable layer to the surface will increase the degree of cleaning of the arable layer at the same time as the usual work of other working bodies of the stone-harvesting machine and will reduce the cost of cleaning stones by 2-3 times. It is also very important to use the tractor power reserve. When using the proposed machine, the soil will get rid of numerous passages of stone harvesting units and, therefore, from compaction, which helps to preserve the soil and increase productivity. The use of additional swept-type working bodies in this stone harvesting machine for combing stones from the arable layer has the further advantage that the chain conveyors, on which the swept teeth are mounted, move at a faster speed than the linear translational speed of the tractor, because chain conveyors with working bodies are driven independently from the tractor power take-off shaft independently of the speed of the tractor. Thus, the working bodies of chain conveyors process the soil twice - thrice or more times depending on the speed of their rotation. Therefore, swept teeth after repeated combing of stones at the same distance will remove all stones from the arable layer. Thus, the use of additional working bodies of swept teeth in the proposed stone harvesting machine saves the soil from the work of independent units for cleaning the arable layer of stones, as well as unnecessary passages and expenses for stone cleaning operations. As a result of good grinding of the soil and its separation with stones, the soil is not carried away, i.e. It is not immersed in vehicles for the export of stones.

The present invention has the following purpose:

1. Cleaning the stones of the arable layer.

2. Raking stones into the roll.

3. A selection of stones from the roll.

4. Separation of the soil.

5. Loading stones into the transport body or into the bunker.

These basic operations of the technological process of stone cleaning are performed by one machine. The machine has high productivity: up to 40-50 ha per field working day. The cost of cleaning stones is reduced by 2-3 times.

Figure 1 - schematically shows the proposed stone harvesting machine (right view).

In Fig.2 is a front view of the machine along the arrow "G" in Fig 1.

Figure 3 - shows the location of the working bodies - straight teeth, swept teeth and sickle teeth on swath-forming and picking conveyors in expanded form (top view).

Figure 4 - schematically shows the arrangement of swept teeth for implementing a layered method of cleaning stones from the arable layer.

The proposed stone harvesting machine consists of a trapezoidal part of the frame 1 (figure 1, 2), the right rectangular part of the frame 2 (figure 2), the left rectangular part of the frame 3 (figure 2). On the trapezoidal part of the frame 1 there is a picking chain conveyor 4 (Figs. 2, 3), and on the right 2 and left 3 rectangular parts of the frame 1 are the right 5 and left 6 swath-forming chain conveyors (Figs. 2, 3). In front of the trapezoidal part of the frame there is a gearbox 7 with a drive shaft 8, an asterisk 9 and a drive chain 10. (Fig. 1) On all three parts of the frame there is one drive shaft 11 (Fig. 1, 2), which serves as a common drive shaft for swath-forming conveyors 5, 6 and for the picking conveyor 4 (Fig. 1, 2).

An asterisk 12 (Fig. 1, 2) is mounted on the drive shaft 11, transmitting rotation with the help of traction chains 13, 14, 15 (Figs. 1, 2, 3) to the driven shafts 16, 17, 18 (Fig. 1) through the sprockets 19 , 20, 21 (figures 1, 2).

On each pair of traction chains, 13, 14, 15 (Fig. 3), on the rollers 22 there are straight teeth of the inner and outer rows 23, 24 and swept teeth 25. Straight teeth are located on the sides of the imaginary isosceles triangles 23, 24 (Fig. 3). Moreover, the interval between the teeth of the inner row is larger than the outer one, which makes it possible for separate stone cleaning, which improves soil separation and reduces the transfer of lumps of soil with stones to the swath.

The swept teeth 25 (Fig. 3) mounted on the rollers 22 are longer in size than the straight teeth, 23, 24, (Figs. 1, 2) since their purpose is to comb out the stones from the entire arable layer.

The arrow-shaped working bodies 25 are mounted on the rollers of the chain conveyors at different working depths in the arable layer, as shown in Fig. 4. For example, on the front roller 22 (Fig. 4), the swept teeth 25 are set to a working depth of up to - 15 cm, on the second roller - up to 20 - 25 cm, on the third - up to 30 cm. The number of rows of swept teeth and their tiers depends on the state of the arable layer and the degree of clogging with its stones. But in any case, in order to more thoroughly clean the arable layer of stones in one pass of the unit, the rows of swept teeth on the rollers are installed along the entire length of the chain conveyor both on the swaths 5, 6 (Figs. 2, 3) and on the pick-up conveyor 4 (Fig. .2, 3) Thus, the working conditions of each row of swept teeth in the soil are improved and the degree of soil cleaning from stones is increased. The arrow-shaped working bodies 25 are also installed on the pick-up conveyor 4 (Fig. 2, 3) on the rollers 22 (Fig. 3). On the same conveyor, on the rollers 26, the inner 27 and outer 28 rows of crescent teeth are installed, and the interval on the inner is larger than the interval between the teeth on the outer row, i.e. conditions have been created for separate cleaning of stones by their size, which improves soil separation already in the process of collecting stones from the roll.

Inside the contour of the trapezoidal part of the frame 1 for separating soil, an inclined passive screen 29 and a vibrating screen 30 (Figs. 1, 2) are installed, which displays stones on a bar conveyor 31 (Fig. 2), which immerses the stones in the body 32 of a nearby moving vehicle or in a hopper. The machine rests on 4 adjustable wheels 33, works from the tractor power take-off shaft through the driveshaft 34 (Figs. 1, 2). The width of the machine is set depending on the task and is 5-6 m.

The proposed stone harvesting machine operates as follows.

Before starting the machine in the field set the depth of the straight and sickle teeth 23, 24 and 27, 28, as well as swept teeth 25 (Fig.2, 3). This value depends on the characteristics of the soil, namely: for light and loose soils, straight teeth 23, 24 are set to 8-10 cm, for hard 5 cm, sickle-shaped teeth are pick-up 5 cm. Swept teeth 25 (figure 2, 3) set to work at different depths. For this, a layered method of harvesting stones from the arable layer is proposed. A schematic image is shown in (figure 4). The method consists in the fact that one after the other on the chain conveyors of the swather and picker on the rollers 22 (Figs. 2, 3, 4) several rows of working bodies are installed, in this case swept teeth 25 three rows (Fig. 4). The number of rows depends on the thickness of the arable layer and the degree of clogging with its stones. For example, on the first roller, set the teeth to a depth of 15 cm, on the second to 25 cm, on the third to 30 cm, or to the entire depth of the arable layer. This alternation is repeated around the perimeter of the chain conveyor. This fact facilitates the operation of the lancet teeth 25 and increases the purity of combing stones from the soil.

With the translational movement of the unit, rotation from the tractor power take-off shaft is transmitted through the driveshaft 34 (Fig. 1), gearbox 7, drive shaft 8, sprockets 9 and drive chain 10 to the drive shaft 11 with sprockets 12 that rotate the traction chains 13, 14, 15 with the straight teeth 23, 24 mounted on the rollers 22 (FIG. 3), as well as the crescent teeth 27, 28 and the swept teeth 25 (FIG. 2, 3).

Each row of straight teeth 23, 24 starts from the outermost chain and ends on the outermost chain, not reaching the top of an imaginary triangle, which is necessary for the formation of a roll of stones along the axis of symmetry. The top of an imaginary triangle is set within 45-50 ° and is located back against the direction of movement. A larger angle at the apex is undesirable in order to avoid increasing the resistance of the stone mass to the working bodies. Moreover, due to the location of the straight teeth 23 and 24 along an inclined line during rotation of the swath-forming sections 5, 6 (FIGS. 2, 3), stones and lumps of soil move to the axis of symmetry in the swath. In order to improve soil separation and reduce transfer and its lumps with stones to the roll, the inner row of teeth 23 is spaced at a greater interval than the outer row 24 (Fig. 3), therefore, large stones are first removed into the roll, and then small stones are removed in the second row. Thus, separate cleaning of the stones into the roll by their size is carried out, which increases the degree of soil separation already in the process of combing the stones and moving them to the roll.

The distance between the internal traction chains 5, 6 (Fig. 3) is set to not more than 100 cm, therefore, the roll of stones will be 100 cm wide.

On swath-forming chain conveyors 5, 6 (FIGS. 2, 3), swept working bodies 25 are also installed on the rollers 22 for combing stones from the arable layer to the surface. Moreover, combing stones is made from different depths. For example, the swept teeth of the first roller are installed to work from a depth of 15 cm, the second roller from a depth of 25 cm and the third roller from a depth of 30 cm (if the arable layer is more than 30 cm).

Thus, a layered cleaning of stones from the arable layer is proposed, which facilitates the operation of the machine and increases the degree of soil cleaning from stones. Almost all stones picked up by the lower swept teeth will be brought to the surface, some of them will fall out of the swept part of the working body. In this case, these stones will be picked up by swept teeth working in the upper layers, or by working bodies designed for the same layer and moving next (figure 4).

The stones brought to the surface are immediately picked up by the straight teeth of 23, 24 rakers and thrown by them into the swath along with non-broken soil lumps.

The combing out of stones located in the arable layer under the strip of the roll of stones is carried out by swept teeth 25 (Figs. 2, 3) mounted on a pick-up conveyor, also by the principle of layer-by-layer operation. When the swept teeth 25 exit to the surface, the stones removed from the soil are fed into the roll.

The stones are cleaned from the formed roll by a picking chain conveyor 4 (Fig. 2, 3), on which sickle-shaped teeth 27, 28 are mounted on the rollers 26 (Fig. 3). On the same rollers on the pick-up conveyor 4 (FIGS. 2, 3), swept working bodies 25 are installed for combing stones from the arable layer located under the roll of stones. The stones from the roll are selected with crescent-shaped teeth 27, 28 (Fig. 3), which lift them onto the upper branch of the frame 1 (Fig. 1) and dumped onto a passive screen 29 (Fig. 1, 2), then the stones and soil lumps enter a vibrating screen 30 (FIGS. 1, 2) and after soil separation, the stones with a bar conveyor 31 fall into the body 32 (FIG. 2) next to a moving vehicle, which takes them to the storage places.

This ends the stone-cleaning process. Thus, the proposed stone harvesting machine performs all the basic operations for cleaning stones from arable land, namely:

1. Layer-by-stage combing of stones from the entire arable layer to the surface of the field.

2. Raking stones into the roll.

3. A selection of stones from the roll.

4. Separation of the soil.

5. Shipment of stones.

All work on cleaning stones from the arable layer is performed by one machine at a time. Therefore, the performance of the proposed machine is 2-3 times higher per 1 hectare of the field cleared of stones per machine than that of the known stone harvesting machines.

Even the prototype machine according to patent No. 2289899 C2, IPC АВВ 43/00 cleans arable land from stones by 25-30% in one pass. And in order to clear the entire arable layer of stones, it is necessary to include other units in the work to bring the stones to the surface. Moreover, in one pass of the unit, the soil is not cleared, so you have to do this work 2-3 times. The proposed stone harvesting machine performs the task of cleaning the arable layer of stones in one pass of the unit. The fact is that the speed of the chain conveyors with the working bodies is higher than the linear speed of the unit, and since they receive rotation from the tractor power take-off shaft, therefore the working bodies of the chain conveyors manage to process the same distance twice or three times, regardless of speed tractor movements. Consequently, the cost of 1 ha of cleaning stones will be 2-3 times less.

The design of the machine is not complicated, so agricultural plants will be able to produce it.

Claims (2)

1. A stone-picking machine, consisting of a combined frame containing a trapezoidal part, on the sides of which are rectangular parts with a horizontal base, on which sections of the chain conveyor with straight swathing teeth are located, and on the trapezoidal part of the frame there is a picking chain conveyor with sickle-shaped teeth, characterized in that on the swath-forming chain conveyors and on the picking chain conveyor additional working bodies in the form of lancet teeth are installed. 2. The stone-picking machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional working bodies are installed on different rollers of the chain conveyors at different depths for layer-by-layer cleaning of soil from stones, for example, on the first roller - up to 15 cm depth, on the second roller - up to 25 cm and on the third - up to 30 cm, depending on the thickness of the arable layer and the degree of its clogging with stones, and additional working bodies are installed sequentially along the entire length of the chain conveyors for multiple combing of stones.

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