RU2289899C2 - Stone picking machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: stone picking machine has frame, pile forming sections of chain conveyor, straight teeth positioned in two parallel rows along lateral sides of isosceles triangles, with teeth of innermost rows being positioned with greater space than teeth of outermost rows, picking chain conveyor on which crescent teeth are positioned in transverse rows on rolls, with innermost row teeth being positioned with greater space than outermost row teeth. Frame has trapezium-shaped portion with lateral rectangular frame parts having horizontal base. Picking chain conveyor is located on trapezium-shaped portion. Pile forming sections of chain conveyor are positioned on rectangular frame parts.

EFFECT: reduced material usage and increased efficiency by improved maneuverability.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, and more particularly to machines for cleaning stones from arable land and other agricultural land.

Known stone harvesting machine "Dudi-3" (p. No. 2231242), which is the closest analogue. It is intended for the simultaneous collection of stones in the roll, their collection from the roll, soil separation and loading of stones into the body next to a moving conveyor. A successful combination of the specified basic elements of the technological process of stone cleaning in one machine characterizes the machine as promising.

The specified machine is a trapezoidal frame with a horizontal base, on which there are two pairs of swath-forming sections of the chain conveyor with straight teeth mounted on them, and between these sections along the axis of symmetry there is a matching chain conveyor with crescent-shaped teeth fixed to it.

The straight teeth of the roll forming sections of the chain conveyor are mounted on the rollers along the lines of the sides of the isosceles triangles. In this case, the teeth of the inner rows are located at a greater interval than the teeth of the outer rows, which allows for “separate” cleaning of stones, namely, the inner rows of straight teeth move larger stones to the roll, and the outer rows - smaller stones. This circumstance improves soil separation and reduces the movement of lumps of soil with stones in the swath, which corresponds to agrotechnical requirements.

The crescent-shaped teeth of the pick-up chain conveyor are mounted on the outer and inner rollers mounted on the conveyor traction chains in transverse rows. Moreover, on the inner bead, the crescent teeth are located at a greater interval than on the outer bead and due to this the stones are separately cleaned from the roll, namely, the sickle-shaped teeth of the inner bead remove larger stones, and the sickle-shaped teeth of the outer bead remove small stones. When passing sickle-shaped teeth loaded with stones along the upper inclined part of the frame, the stones fall on the separating devices and fall on the inclined conveyor, which feeds them into the body next to a moving vehicle, taking them to the places of stone storage.

The machine has high performance, not complicated in design.

However, this stone picking machine is metal-intensive, therefore not maneuverable, which reduces its productivity, and the tractor power is irrationally used. The fact is that the straight rake teeth make a working stroke on the horizontal section of the frame and end when they exit the soil on the front sprocket. Then the teeth move up the trapezoidal frame without doing any work. From the technological purpose of straight teeth it does not follow that they move along the trapezoidal frame. For them, a rectangular frame is sufficient, on which a swath-forming chain conveyor with working bodies is installed. In this case, the straight teeth after completing the working stroke and leaving the soil move through the sprocket back to the starting position to make a new working stroke. Thus, there is no need for a trapezoidal frame for operation of the swath-forming sections; it is sufficient to have a rectangular frame.

The objective of the invention is to reduce the metal consumption, increasing maneuverability and productivity.

EFFECT: reduced material consumption and increased productivity due to increased maneuverability.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the stone-harvesting machine contains a frame, swath-forming sections of the chain conveyor, on which straight teeth are installed in two parallel rows along the lines of the sides of the isosceles triangles, and on the inner rows of the teeth are installed with a greater interval than on the outer ones, the picking chain conveyor, on which has sickle-shaped teeth in transverse rows on the rollers, the teeth of the roller of the inner row having a larger spacing than the teeth of the outer row, and the frame has trapeziums the idle part on the sides of which are the rectangular parts of the frame with a horizontally located base, and on the trapezoidal part there is a picking chain conveyor, and on the rectangular parts of the frame are swath-forming sections of the chain conveyor.

The use of a rectangular shape of the frame parts with a horizontal base for the location of the swath-forming sections of the chain conveyor in the proposed machine will reduce the total weight of the stone harvesting machine by half due to a reduction in metal consumption in the manufacture of rectangular frame parts compared to the trapezoid frame, the length of the traction chains of swath-forming conveyors will decrease by 2 times, the number of straight teeth of the swath-forming sections is reduced by 2 times, the number of driven shafts and sprockets on them is also reduced by 2 times. As a result of weight reduction, the maneuverability of the machine and its productivity will increase by 10%, energy consumption per 1 ha of area cleared of stones will decrease by 25%. Due to a significant reduction in the weight of the machine, the pressure of the working and supporting bodies of the machine on the soil is reduced, which also prevents the soil from being compacted and reducing its productivity.

Figure 1 schematically shows the machine "Dudi-4", a right view.

In Fig.2 is a front view of the machine along the arrow "G" in Fig.1.

Figure 3 shows the arrangement of straight teeth on swath-forming sections of the chain conveyor and sickle-shaped teeth on the picking chain conveyor in expanded form.

The proposed stone harvesting machine consists of:

trapezoidal part of the frame 1 (figure 2), on the sides of which are located the right rectangular part of the frame 2 (figure 2) and the left rectangular part of the frame 3 (figure 2).

On the trapezoidal part of the frame 1 there is a picking chain conveyor 4 (figure 2, 3), and on the right and left rectangular parts of the frame 2 and 3 are the right and left swath-forming sections 5 and 6 (figure 2, 3). In front of the trapezoidal part of the frame 1 (Fig. 1), a gearbox 7 is installed with a drive shaft 8, sprockets 9 and a drive chain 10. On all three parts of the frame there is one drive shaft 11 (Figs. 1, 2), which serves as a common drive shaft for swath-forming sections 5, 6 (figure 2, 3) and pick-up conveyor 4 (figure 2, 3).

Leading sprockets 12 (Fig. 1, 2) are mounted on the drive shaft 11, transmitting rotation with the help of traction chains 13, 14, 15 (Figs. 1, 3) of swath-forming sections 5, 6 (Fig. 3) and pick-up conveyor 4 to driven shafts 16, 17, 18 (FIG. 1) through the driven sprockets 19, 20, 21 installed on them (FIGS. 1, 2).

On each pair of traction chains 13, 4 (Fig. 3) of the swath-forming sections on the rollers 22 (Fig. 3), straight teeth 23, 24 are installed along the lateral lines of the imaginary isosceles triangles (Fig. 3).

Moreover, on the sides of the inner "triangle" are straight teeth 23, designed for cleaning large stones and therefore placed at a large interval, for example 20 cm, on the sides of the outer "triangle" are teeth 24 with a shorter interval, for example 5 cm, they are designed for cleaning small stones from 5 to 20 cm across.

On the traction chains 15 of the picking conveyor 4 (Figs. 1, 2, 3) at the end of the inner and outer rows of straight teeth 23, 24 there are rollers 25 of the inner row of crescent teeth 27 and rollers 26 of the outer row of crescent teeth 28 (the arrangement of the teeth on the rollers is shown numbers I and II in figure 2, 3). Moreover, the crescent-shaped teeth 27 of the inner row of the pick-up conveyor are arranged with a large interval and are intended for the selection of large stones; the sickle-shaped teeth 28 of the outer row are spaced at a shorter interval and are intended for the selection of small stones.

Inside the contour of the frame 1 for separating the soil, an inclined passive screen 29 and a vibration screen 30 (FIGS. 1, 2) are installed, which leads the stones to the bar conveyor 31 (FIG. 2), which moves them to the body 32 (FIG. 2) next to a moving vehicle. The machine relies on 4 adjustable wheels 33 (Fig.1, 2), works from the tractor PTO shaft through the driveshaft 34 (Fig.1).

The width of the machine depends on the power of the machine and will be 4-5 meters.

Thus, the proposed stone harvesting machine is a web of a chain conveyor with several sections, for example, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, with five of which the central section 4 is a stone picker, and two swath-forming sections 5, 6 are located to the left and right of it (figure 2, 3).

Stone-harvesting machine operates as follows.

Before starting work (the direction of movement is indicated by the arrow “A” in Fig. 1), it is necessary to set the depth of straight and sickle-shaped teeth 23, 24, 27, 28 into the soil using 4 adjustable support wheels 33 (Figs. 1, 2). This value depends on the characteristics of the soil, namely: with light loose soils - no more than 8-10 cm, with solid soils - no more than 5 cm. Then the machine is checked idle. In this case, the rotation from the tractor PTO shaft is transmitted through the driveshaft 34 (Fig. 1), the gearbox 7, the drive shaft 8 of the sprocket 9 and the drive chain 10 to the drive shaft 11 with sprockets 12, which rotate the traction chains 13, 14, 15 with the rollers mounted 22 along the lines of the lateral sides of imaginary isosceles "triangles" by the working bodies — straight teeth 23, 24 (Fig. 3). Each row of teeth 23, 24 starts from the extreme outer contour of the chain conveyors 5 and 6 and ends at the extreme inner chains, not reaching the top of the "triangle", which is necessary for the formation of a roll of stones along the axis of symmetry. The top of the "triangle" is set within 45-50 ° and is located back against the movement of the unit. A larger angle at the apex is not desirable in order to avoid increasing the resistance of the soil and stones to the working bodies. For the same purpose, the distance between the inner row of straight teeth 23 and the outer 24 (Fig. 3) is set within 50-60 cm so that the stones collected by the outer row of teeth 24 pass freely between the rows of teeth 23 and 24 into the roll. Moreover, due to the inclined arrangement of the rows of teeth 23, 24, when the machine moves forward (arrow “A” of FIG. 1) and the rotation of the swath-forming sections 5, 6 (FIGS. 2, 3), the stones move to the axis of symmetry. To improve soil separation and reduce the transfer of its lumps together with stones to the roll, the inner row of teeth 23 is spaced at a greater interval than the teeth 24 of the outer row, and therefore, large stones are first removed to the roll, and then the outer row of teeth 24, where the interval is less, are removed small stones. Thus, a “separate” cleaning of stones in the roll is carried out, which increases the degree of soil separation already in the process of combing the stones and moving them to the roll.

The distance between the internal traction chains of 5.6 (Fig. 3) of the roll forming sections is set to not more than 100 cm, therefore, the roll of stones will be no more than 100 cm wide.

The working stroke (arrow "B" in Fig. 1) of straight teeth 23, 24 begins with asterisks 21 on the driven shaft 18 at the moment the teeth 23, 24 enter the soil and ends on asterisks 12 of the drive shaft 11 at the moment they exit the soil (Fig. .one).

The process of forming a roll of stones is as follows.

Straight teeth 23, 24 of the inner and outer rows of swath-forming sections, spaced along the sides of the inner and outer "triangles" (Fig. 3), when the chain conveyor rotates, they move the base of the triangle forward. In this case, the oncoming stones are picked up by the teeth 23, 24 mounted on the rollers 22, transferring the mass of stones and soil lumps to each other and pushing them to the axis of symmetry until the extreme teeth mounted on the internal traction chains (Fig. 3) are pushed away them finally into the roll. In this case, the mass of stones and lumps of soil glides along the inner side surfaces formed by rows of teeth 23, 24. As a result, the lumps of soil undergo crushing. In turn, the stones moved by the teeth 23, 24 also act on the lumps of the soil and subject them to additional crushing, so the transfer of lumps of soil into the swath is significantly reduced.

The proposed stone harvesting machine simultaneously with the cleaning of stones in the roll produces a selection of stones from the roll, carried out by a picking chain conveyor 4 (Fig.2, 3) mounted on the trapezoidal part of the frame 1 along the axis of symmetry between two pairs of felling sections 5, 6 (Fig.2, 3). On a picking chain conveyor 4, rollers 25, 26 are installed (FIGS. 2, 3), on which sickle-shaped teeth 27, 28 are located, moreover, the teeth 27 of the inner row roller 25 are spaced apart from the teeth 28 of the outer row roller 26. Based on this, the sickle teeth 27 of the inner row roller remove larger stones from the roll than the sickle teeth 28 of the outer row, which removes small stones. In this case, the rollers 25 and 26 with crescent-shaped teeth 27 and 28 are mounted on a pick-up conveyor 4 at the end of each row of teeth 23 and 24 of the swath-forming sections 5, 6 (Fig. 3).

Thus, when selecting stones from the rolls, the principle of "separate" stone cleaning is maintained, which helps to increase the cleanliness of stone cleaning and improve the grinding of soil lumps and its separation.

The stroke of the crescent teeth 27 and 28 of the picking conveyor 4 (Fig. 1) begins at the moment they enter the soil when moving through driven sprockets 21 of the driven shaft 18 (arrow "B" in Fig. 1). In this case, the crescent teeth 27 and 28 comb the stones from the soil and, being in a vertical position, reach the obtuse corner of the frame and through the sprocket 12 of the drive shaft 11 come to the surface loaded with stones. This ends the main stage of the stroke of the sickle teeth of the picking conveyor 4.

Next, the crescent-shaped teeth 27 and 28 with loaded stones move up the trapezoidal frame 1 and on the upper inclined part (arrow “B” of FIG. 1) stones are dropped into the inside of the frame 1 on a passive screen 29. This completes the second and final stage of the working stroke sickle teeth 27 and 28, which then idle to sprocket 21. Then the process repeats.

If the field is heavily littered with stones and the swath-forming sections 5 and 6 and the picking conveyor 4 do not have time to remove them, then the rotation speed of the chain conveyor should be increased or the speed of the tractor should be reduced, and conversely, if the field is weakly clogged, reduce the rotation speed of the chain conveyor or They also increase the speed of the tractor.

Stones and lumps of soil after dropping them from the sickle-shaped teeth 27 and 28 fall on an inclined passive screen 29, then they enter a vibrating screen 30 (Figs. 1, 2, 3), where the final separation takes place. Next, the stones arrive at the bar conveyor 31, overloading them in the body 32 (figure 2) next to a moving vehicle, which takes them to the places of storage of stones or their disposal for the needs of the national economy. This ends the stone-cleaning process.

The machine rests on 4 adjustable wheels 33 (figure 1, 2). It works from the tractor power take-off shaft through the driveshaft 34 (Fig. 1).

With a machine grip width of 4 m and an aggregate speed of 5 km / h, the daily productivity of the machine is 20 ha.

The economic efficiency of the proposed machine is to reduce the consumption of metal during its manufacture and weight reduction, to increase its productivity by increasing maneuverability, as well as more efficient use of tractor power resources. The main result of cleaning arable land from stones is an increase in crop yields of up to 30% and an increase in the service life of tillage machines by a factor of three, and harvesting equipment by a factor of two.

Claims (1)

A stone-picking machine containing a frame, swath-forming sections of the chain conveyor, on which straight teeth are installed in two parallel rows along the lines of the sides of the isosceles triangles, and on the inner rows of the teeth are installed with a greater interval than on the outer ones, a picking chain conveyor, on which there are transverse rows on the rollers crescent-shaped teeth are installed, and the teeth of the inner row have a larger interval than the teeth of the outer row, characterized in that the frame has a trapezoidal part, on the sides of which The rectangular parts of the frame with a horizontally located base are located, with a picking chain conveyor located on the trapezoidal part, and swath-forming sections of the chain conveyor located on the rectangular parts of the frame.

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