RU2411747C2 - Bioavailable form of microelement additives to fodder mixtures for animals and birds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to production of fodder for farm livestock and birds feeding. The bioavailable form of microelement additives to fodder mixtures for animals and birds includes a complex of microelements containing manganese, iron, copper, cobalt and zinc or each of the listed microelements individually. The substance forming a compound with metals is represented by aspartic acid, the aspartic acid to metal ratio being from 1:1 to 2:1.

EFFECT: invention will enable production of a fodder additive with a high degree of bioavailability of both metals proper and protein, fat, nitrogen and phosphorus to animal and bird organisms.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of feed production for farm animals and poultry, in particular to the composition of the premixes and compound feeds for trace elements additives of iron, cobalt, zinc, copper and manganese compounds.

Known additives in feed formulations using inorganic (sulfates, carbonates, oxides) metal compounds (copper, iron, cobalt, zinc and manganese) (see A. Henning, Minerals, vitamins, biostimulants in feeding farm animals, Moscow, Kolos, 1976 [1]). A significant drawback of such compounds is the low degree of their assimilation by animals and birds. In addition, sulfate compounds are hygroscopic in nature, which, due to moisture, leads to undesirable chemical transformations in feed mixtures (for example, copper sulfate binds iodide additives into an insoluble complex that is not suitable for feed additives [1].

Known feed additive for farm animals and poultry, containing trace elements manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, additionally containing zinc sulfate, terpene oils, nine-sodium metasilicate and water (see patent RU No. 2081612, publ. 06/20/1997 [2]). The disadvantage of this feed additive is the low degree of biological assimilation of trace elements.

Known feed additive for farm animals and birds, containing as salts of trace elements iron, copper, zinc, manganese and cobalt tallate in a certain ratio of components (see patent RU No. 2086148, publ. 10.08.1997 [3]). However, additives based on thallium salts are not well absorbed by animals and birds.

Known feed additive containing nine-sodium metasilicate, biologically active substance and water, as well as trace elements of iron, copper, cobalt, ascorbic acid, while rosin was used as a biologically active substance in a certain ratio of components (see patent RU No. 2122810, publ. 12/10/1998 [4]). However, this feed additive does not have a high degree of biological assimilation of trace elements, but is aimed mainly at increasing the level of hemoglobin in the blood of animals and birds. Known feed additive for animals and birds, which includes an aqueous mixture of nine-sodium metasilicate, terpene oils and trace elements: zinc, manganese, iron, copper and cobalt, and also contains tripoli in a certain amount of the total weight of the feed additive (see RU patent No. 2161416, published January 10, 2001 [5]). This feed additive, although it expands the range of feed additives, does not solve the main problem, namely, a significant increase in the bioavailability of trace elements.

Also known are new forms of micronutrient additives under the common brand name "Bioplex" ("bioplex"), for example, the American company Alltech, Inc., which are compounds (complexes) of iron, manganese, copper and zinc with organic compounds, which are mixtures protein hydrolysates with oligoproteins. The use of bioplexes can improve the bioavailability of metals and reduce the need for them by about half while maintaining the level of productivity (see J.APPL POINT 2007.16 448-455, YMBao, M.Choct, PAIji and K. Brueton. Effect of Organically Complexed Copper , Iron, Manganese and Zinc on Broiler Performance, Mineral Excrection and Accumulation in Tissues [6]). Bioplexes are the closest analogues, which we adopted as a prototype. The disadvantage of the prototype is the low degree of reduction in the need of animals and birds in trace elements, which increases the negative impact of compounds of heavy metals (lead, mercury, cadmium, etc.), as well as arsenic, which always accompany any metal compounds and are poorly excreted from the animal’s body and birds.

The aim of the present invention is the creation of trace elements in feed with a high degree of biological assimilation of both the metals themselves and protein, fat, nitrogen and phosphorus by the body of animals and birds.

This goal is achieved by the fact that, as feed additives, compounds of a complex of trace elements of manganese, zinc, cobalt, iron and copper, as well as each of the above trace elements with an organic compound - aspartic amino acid, are used, while the molar ratio of aspartic acid to metal is from 1: 1 to 2: 1, and the percentage of metals from 11 to 20%. As a result of this, the need for the amount of micronutrient additives is reduced by 10-20 times.

Asparaginates of these metals are obtained by direct interaction of metal sulfates with a stoichiometric amount of aspartic acid by the complexation mechanism in a neutral environment, followed by drying by thermal spraying.

Unlike sulfates, metal asparaginates are non-hygroscopic free-flowing fine powders of lilac color for cobalt, blue color for copper, beige color for iron, slightly beige color for manganese and white color for zinc. Metal asparaginates are convenient in the preparation of feed mixtures, while undesirable chemical interactions of metals with other components of the mixtures are eliminated in the mixtures themselves. For example, when sulfates of trace elements are used, which are prone to absorb additional hygroscopic moisture, the process of formation of an insoluble compound of iodide additives with copper ions occurs, which is not absorbed by animals and birds.

Another very important feature is that any metal compounds contribute to the impurities of toxic compounds of heavy metals (lead, mercury, cadmium, etc.), as well as arsenic, which are poorly excreted from animals and birds.

Reducing the dose of metal consumption due to the use of metal asparaginates by 10-20 times reduces the degree of poisoning of animals and birds with heavy metals by the same amount.

The bioavailable form of trace elements in feed mixtures for animals and birds was obtained by working out rational dosages of trace elements in a mineral premix, including L-asparaginates of domestic trace elements (SBK LLC - Saratov 2007).

To accomplish this task, experimental mineral premixes were made, which were used in the cultivation of Hubbard cross broilers. The experiment was carried out in the conditions of vivarium IT "Zagorsk" EPH VNITIP. The experimental design is shown in table 1. Recipes of experimental feed in table 2.

1. Scheme of experience

Groups Livestock goal. Feeding Features 1-control 35 OR + premix * containing trace elements in the form of inorganic salts 2-experience 35 OR + premix * containing trace elements ** in an amount of 20% of the control in the form of L-asparaginates 3-experience 35 OR + premix * containing trace elements ** in the amount of 10% of the control in the form of L-asparaginates 4-experience 35 OR + premix * containing trace elements ** in the amount of 5% of the control in the form of L-asparaginates

* L-asparaginates of manganese, zinc, cobalt, iron and copper are used, ** The vitamin part of the premix is the same for all groups.

The bird was raised without separation by sex, in R-15 cells in compliance with accepted technological parameters of the content.

Feeding was carried out ad libitum with dry full feed in accordance with nutritional standards, according to the recommendations of VNITIP 2006.

Veterinary measures were carried out in accordance with the vaccination plan adopted by the farm.

During the experiment, we took into account: live weight of poultry at 7, 21 days and at the end of rearing (by individually weighing the entire livestock), livestock safety, average daily gain in live weight, feed consumption and cost per 1 kg of live weight gain, meat chemical composition, trace elements in the bones.

table 2 Experimental feed recipes Components, % Group 1-21 days 22-38 Wheat 22,001 30,000 Corn 38,000 29,545 Soybean meal 23,200 21,000 Sunflower meal 5,000 7,000 Fish meal 4,900 2,800 Soybean oil 3,700 6,300 Lysine 0.180 0,200 Methionine 0.158 0.158 Common salt 0,120 0,100 Defluorinated phosphate 1,100 1,256 Limestone 0.641 0.641 Premix 1,000 1,000 Only 100 g of feed contains: Exchange energy, kcal 309.80 319.00 Crude protein,% 22.73 21,20 Crude cell.,% 3.81 4.10 Lysine,% 1.36 1.22 Methionine 0.55 051 Met. + cystine,% 0.89 0.84 Calcium% 0.89 0.85 Phosphorus 0.68 0.65 Phosphorus % 0.44 0.41 Sodium,% 0.18 0.16 Chlorine% 0.18 0.16 Linoleic acid 2.98 4.19 Threonine 0.84 0.76 Tryptophan 0.27 0.26 Arginine 1.42 1.33 Potassium 0.75 0.73

The main zootechnical results of poultry rearing are presented in table 3.

Table 3 The main zootechnical results of the experiment on broilers Indicators Groups 1-experience 2-experience 3-experience 4-experience Live weight, g aged: Per diem 40 40 40 40 In 7 days 122.6 ± 3.1 112.5 ± 4.1 107.7 ± 2.8 121.4 ± 2.2 In 21 days 592.5 ± 11.8 568.2 ± 12.3 615.8 ± 15.7 717.4 ± 15.8 In 28 days 961.8 ± 21.9 948.0 ± 26.8 1017.4 ± 31.9 1158.94 ± 24.9 (-1.4%) (+ 5.8%) (+ 20.5%) In 36 days, including: Petushkov 1670.0 ± 48.1 1798.8 ± 36.9 1888.6 ± 39.5 2076.0 ± 37.1 Chicken 1585.7 ± 37.8 1475.0 ± 57.6 1625.6 ± 66.6 1782.9 ± 37.1 Average 1627.9 1636.9 1757.1 1929.5 (+ 0.6%) (+ 7.9%) (+ 18.5%) The safety of the livestock,% one hundred one hundred 97.2 97.2 The cost of feed per 1 goal, kg 3,1 3.09 3.4 3.41 Feed costs per 1 kg increase, kg 1.96 1.94 1.98 1.8 The average daily gain, g 44.1 44.3 47.7 52,5

As can be seen from table 3, in the first growing period, the live weight of the experimental poultry exceeded the control in groups 3 and 4, in which the chickens received 10% and 5% of the norm (based on the active substance) of mineral salts in the form of asparaginates. At the same time, on day 21, the live weight of broilers in these groups exceeded the control by 3.9 and 21.18%, respectively. By the 28th day of rearing, a similar trend continued, and the chickens of these groups exceeded the control by 5.8 and 20.5%. At the same time, the experimental bird of the second group, which received 20% of the norm (calculated on the active substance) of trace elements salts in the asparaginates, lagged behind the control bird in development. At 21 days - by 4.1%, and by day 28 this lag was - 1.4%.

Thus, the zootechnical results of broiler growing indicate that the asparaginates of the salts of trace elements have high bioavailability for poultry and, with a decrease in the level of input of trace elements to 10 and 5% of the norm, allow for high broiler productivity. The use of asparaginates at a dose of 20% and above, on the contrary, has a negative effect on the development of chickens due to the excessive intake of trace elements and aspartic acid and leads to a decrease in productive indicators.

It should be noted that the use of salts of aspartic acid had a positive effect on the absorption of sulfur-containing amino acids and contributed to the good operability of the experimental bird. We also did not note the presence of chickens with pathology of the legs. All this indicates that the experimental bird did not experience a deficiency of trace elements and a decrease in the level of input of trace elements to 5% did not adversely affect the development of experimental broilers.

The balance sheet data presented in table 4 are generally consistent with the zootechnical results of the cultivation.

Table 4 Feed nutrient utilization,% Indicator Group 1 to) 2 3 four Digestibility of protein,% 92.94 92.12 91.86 93.39 Digestibility of dry matter of feed,% 72.62 71.43 71.75 75.26 Digestibility of fat,% 73.81 76.28 75.04 77.26 The use of nitrogen,% 55.79 50.63 49.26 58.66 Use,% phosphorus 31.68 40,0 40,43 48.65

So, the use of trace elements in the form of salts of aspartic acid had a positive effect on the state of mineral metabolism. The use of phosphorus in all experimental groups was higher than the control by 8.3%; 8.8 and 16.9% in the second, third and fourth experimental groups, respectively.

Moreover, the best use of feed nutrients was observed in the fourth experimental group, the chickens of which received 5% of the norm of micronutrient asparaginates. So, in terms of digestibility of protein, dry matter of feed, fat and the use of nitrogen, they exceeded the control by 0.45%; 2.64%; 3.45%; 2.87%, respectively, which is consistent with the zootechnical results of the cultivation.

Thus, as a result of research, the high efficiency of trace elements in the form of salts of aspartic acid in broiler cultivation has been proved.

The practice of using additives of metal asparaginates in feed, for example, broilers, shows an increase in meat productivity by 18%.

The active substance in this case are trace elements (iron, copper, cobalt, zinc and manganese).

Example 2. The use in animals of a trace element complex based on compounds with aspartic acid in the fattening of young pigs.

The experiment was conducted on the basis of the livestock farm LLC Vremya-91 in the Saratov Region.

Table number 5 Experience outline Groups The number of animals in the group Feeding Features 1-control 12 OR + premix * containing trace elements in the form of inorganic salts 2-experience 12 OR + premix * containing trace elements ** in the amount of 7.5% of the control in the form of asparaginates 3-experience 12 OR + premix * containing trace elements ** in the amount of 10% of the control in the form of asparaginates * The vitamin part of the premix premix is the same for each group. ** Trace elements include: iron, manganese, zinc, copper, and cobalt.

Animals were kept in separate cages under identical conditions. The experiment was carried out until a mass of at least 100 kg was reached.

The results are presented in table No. 6

Table No. 6 The main results of the experiment on rearing young pigs with the use of micronutrient asparaginates in the composition of the feed.

Groups The average live weight at the beginning of the experiment, kg The average live weight at the end of the experiment, kg Gain kg The average daily gain, g % Increase Feed conversion 1-control 13.18 104.8 ± 4.8 91.6 664 one hundred 3.9 2-experience 13.12 103.2 ± 2.7 90 652 98.2 3.9 3-experience 13.17 106.7 ± 3.3 93.5 677 101.9 3.8

The difference in results between the three groups is not significant.

As can be seen from the results, the use of trace elements in amounts of 7.5-10% of the existing norms in the form of asparaginates in feed of piglets for fattening does not reduce the productivity of animals. This indicates a high degree of bioavailability of trace elements in the form of asparaginates by the animal organism.

Examples 3, 4, 5, 6. The use of individual asparaginates of trace elements in the fattening of young pigs.

Table number 7 Experience outline Groups The number of animals in the group Feeding Features 1-control 5 OR + premix containing inorganic trace elements 2-experience 5 OR + premix containing trace elements (except manganese) in an inorganic form + manganese in the amount of 10% of the control in the form of asparaginate 3-experience 5 OR + premix containing trace elements (except copper) in inorganic form + copper in the amount of 10% of the control in the form of asparaginate 4-experience 5 OR + premix containing trace elements (except iron) in inorganic form + iron in the amount of 10% of the control in the form of asparaginate 5th experience 5 OR + premix containing trace elements (except cobalt) in inorganic form + cobalt in the amount of 10% of the control in the form of asparaginate 6th experience 5 OR + premix containing trace elements (except zinc) in inorganic form + zinc in the amount of 10% of the control in the form of asparaginate

Animals were kept in separate cages under identical conditions.

The experiment was carried out for 60 days.

The results are presented in table No. 8

Table number 8 The main results of experiments on the rearing of young pigs with the use of individual asparaginates of trace elements in the feed Groups The average live weight at the beginning of the experiment, kg The average live weight at the end of the experiment, kg Gain kg The average daily gain, g % Increase 1-control 13.1 46.5 ± 2.8 33,4 557 one hundred 2-experience 13 46.8 ± 1.9 33.8 563 101.1 3-experience 13.1 47.1 ± 2.2 34 567 101.8 4-experience 13 46.9 ± 1.4 33.9 565 101,4 5th experience 13,2 46.5 ± 2.0 33.3 555 99.6 6th experience 13,2 46.7 ± 2.3 33.5 558 100,2

The difference in results for each experiment and control is not reliable.

As can be seen from the results, the use of each micronutrient individually in the form of asparaginate instead of the inorganic form of the micronutrient in the feed composition when growing young pigs in quantities of 10% of existing norms does not reduce animal productivity. This indicates a high degree of bioavailability of each trace element in the form of asparaginate by the animal body.

Claims (1)

Bioavailable form of trace elements in feed mixtures for animals and poultry, including a complex of trace elements containing manganese, iron, copper, cobalt and zinc, or each of the above trace elements individually, characterized in that aspartic acid is used as the substance forming the compound with metals acid, while the molar ratio of aspartic acid to metal is from 1: 1 to 2: 1.