RU2402206C1 - Method of bull-calves feed in ecologically contaminated and polluted lands - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention concerns animal breeding. The method involves introduction of crucifer oil cake in the diet. The cake is introduced in the amount 22-25% of scalpings dosage within 14 to 18 months. Non-erucic amber winter cress containing 0.79% of erucic acid and to 0.84% of glucosinolates or orange milk mushroom Isilkulets is used.

EFFECT: method promotes body weight gain, production, improves animal's host defenses and ensures quality products.

1 tbl, 3 cl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to livestock, and can be used for growing calves in the area using feed with a high content of heavy metals, in particular lead and cadmium, both in industrial type farms and in personal subsidiary or private farms obtaining high-quality final products - meat and meat products.

The well-known "Method of lowering the level of lead in the body of cows" by daily drinking with drinking water of 470-520 ml of a decoction of licorice root 1:20 as a pharmacocorrector for 45 days (see RF Patent No. 2150285, A61K 35/78. Publ. 10.06 .2000, Bull. No. 16). Due to the additional introduction of a vegetable pharmacocorrector into the diet of animals, which stimulates immune activity and regulates water-salt metabolism in animals, the method allows to reduce the concentration of lead in milk of dairy cows due to the acceleration of elimination of lead from their body.

The disadvantages of the method include the fact that a decoction of licorice root must be prepared immediately before use, and this requires additional costs, time and labor. In addition, licorice root is a valuable natural plant material of limited collection used in the medical and food industries.

Also known is the “Method of calf fattening in technogenic pollution zones”, in which the Uralskaya feed additive is used in the form of an aqueous extract of dry semi-finished product from prepared peat, which is infused for 10-12 hours, at the rate of 100-150 ml of infusion 1-2 times a day within 80-90 days, while the water infusion is administered to the calves by wetting the feed (see RF Patent No. 2323588, A23K 1/16. Publ. 10.05.2008).

With good feeding results, the method requires additional labor and time to prepare the infusion, which is not subject to storage and requires timely use.

The objective of the invention is to develop a method for growing calves in ecologically polluted, in particular lead, territories to obtain final marketable products (meat and meat products) corresponding to sanitary and hygienic requirements, by introducing new effective non-food feed additives in the main diet that help reduce lead levels in animal products obtained after slaughtering animals. The new feed additive should be cheap, affordable for the consumer, convenient in use and dosing, easily mixed with the feed of the main diet, without any foreign smell and not require large additional costs for storage and use.

The problem is solved in that as a highly effective feed additive for non-food applications to reduce the content of lead in particular in the body of ruminants, in particular fattening calves with the aim of their subsequent slaughter, cruciferous Pancake week crops are used, a product obtained by pressing oil from seeds, which is with the main production waste, it is preferable to use cruciferous oilcake (colza or camelina) from oil production in an amount of 22-25% of the amount of bran in concent mix of fodder ration of bulls during the fattening period from 14 to 18 months, which allows to obtain meat products with a reduced content of taxicants, without violating the technology of feeding and keeping bulls, effectively using waste from the production of vegetable oil, and oilcake is used with oil content of 15-20% of early ripening varieties of beetroot bezerukovyh forms, in particular spring rapewort varieties "Amber", containing up to 0.79% erucic acid and up to 0.84% glucosinolates, or ryzhikova - from the variety Isilkulets.

The pharmacological effect of cruciferous meal cake is due to the content of natural tocopherols, carotenes, ascorbic acid, selenium and polyunsaturated Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids in them, which has an antioxidant effect, immuno-modeling, adaptogenic effect. It was established by experiments that when animals use a feed additive, cake has a growth-promoting effect, improves digestibility of feed and reduces the content of taxicants in animal tissues, which is an unobvious effect of the use of cake in the proposed method for growing calves.

The main parameters of the method of growing calves in technogenic pollution zones, including: a cake dose of 22-25% of the bran bran concentrated mixture, the age of the bulls for fattening, from 14 to 18 months, the duration of the introduction of cruciferous meal, oil cake 15-20%, form and varieties of oil plants were determined practically, experimentally, by analogy with the known feed additives in the process of conducting numerous laboratory experiments with experimental animals.

In the course of laboratory tests, a non-obvious effect of the proposed method for growing calves in technogenic pollution zones using cruciferous oilcake oilcake, in particular colza, was revealed, which means that after 4 months of use, a significant increase in calf weight gain and a sharp decrease in the content of heavy metals are determined, especially lead in animal tissues with the simplicity of the method and the minimum additional costs. Feed additive - cake of rapeseed or camelina, a product of natural origin, obtained from the seeds of rapeseed (camelina) during the extraction of vegetable oil in oil refineries.

The novelty of the method is that it was proposed to use the feed supplement of cake of rape (saffron milk) for a new purpose, not only to increase the gain of calves in fattening, but also to reduce the content of taxicants in the tissues of calves in order to obtain environmentally friendly products.

Laboratory experiment was carried out on 310 outbred white mice for 122 days. To conduct the experiment, young animals aged 60 to 182 days were used, of which 6 groups of 50 individuals each were formed according to the principle of analogues taking into account live weight, age, and state of health. At 152 days of age, a physiological experiment was conducted on 60 heads.

The structure of the feeding ration consists of feed wheat, barley, oat flour, meat and bone meal and fodder yeast (Tables 1, 2).

Table 1 The ration of feeding the control group of animals (on average per head per day) Indicator The structure of the diet (in%) Feed weight (in g) Wheat flour 26.0 1.3 Barley feed flour 30,0 1,5 Oatmeal flour 19.2 0.96 Fodder yeast 4.0 0.2 Meat and bone meal 20,0 1,0 a piece of chalk 0.4 0.02 Common salt 0.4 0.02

The structure of the diet of feeding mice in the control group contains: 2% more wheat feed flour; 10% more feed barley flour; 1.2% less fodder yeast compared with the structure of the diet of mice of the experimental groups (table 2).

table 2 Diet of feeding experimental groups of animals (on average per head per day) Indicator The structure of the diet (in%) Feed weight (in g) Wheat flour 24.0 1,2 Barley feed flour 20,0 1,0 Oatmeal flour 20,0 1,0 Fodder yeast 5.2 0.26 Meat and bone meal twenty 1,0 a piece of chalk 0.4 0.02 Common salt 0.4 0.02 Oilcake 10.0 0.5

The control group is on a carbohydrate diet (main diet), which is 10.1% higher than the exchange energy level of the diets of the experimental groups. The fiber content in the diet of the control group is the smallest and is 0.2 g.

The remaining 5 experimental groups of animals receive, in the form of an additive to the main diet, one of the types of oilcake in the amount of 10% of the total feed weight: 1 experimental - sunflower, 2 experimental - camelina, 3 experimental - flaxseed, 4 experimental - stiff, 5 experimental - rapeseed. The diet is balanced in metabolic energy, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins. Water consumption was not limited.

During the experiment, a visual observation of the general condition and behavior of experimental animals was carried out. Individuals of the control and experimental groups are active, the coat is smooth, white in color, without visible damage, they are characterized by washing movements. There were no manifestations of lethargy or restless behavior, ruffled hair, symptoms of diarrhea, intoxication, inflammatory processes from the respiratory tract in animals of all groups.

The initial weight of mice was within 20-22 g. At 91 days of age, the live weight of individuals of the 3-experimental group significantly increased by 8.7 g, compared with the control, and amounted to 34.46 ± 3.064 g (P <0.05 ) At 121 days of age, the live weight of mice of the 3-experimental group significantly increased by 17.82 g (P <0.01); 1 - experimental - 11.49 g; 2 - experimental - 14.19 g; 4 - experimental - 12.05 g; 5 - experimental - 12.29 g compared with the control (P <0.05). On the 152nd and 182nd days of life, the live weight of the experimental mice significantly increased by 11.96-19.5 g and 12.42-20.34 g, respectively, compared with the control group (P <0.05) (Table. 3).

Table 3

)Live weight of experimental animals, (

) Group number Indicator Age of animals, days 60 (start of experiment) 91 121 152 182 1-experienced (sunflower) live weight, g 21.12 ± 2.279 31.24 ± 3.410 39.78 ± 4.632 42.85 ± 1.315 43.28 ± 0.581 % of control +21.3 +40.6 +38.7 +20.69 2-experienced (camelina) live weight, g 20.18 ± 1.539 32.66 ± 2.368 42.48 ± 5.221 * 44.98 ± 0.951 45.44 ± 0.873 (deviation,% of control +26.8 +50.2 +45.6 +26.71 3-experienced (linen) live weight, g 22.32 ± 0.749 34.46 ± 3.064 * 46.11 ± 4.098 ** 50.39 ± 1.552 51.20 ± 1.651 (deviation,% of control +33.8 +62.9 +63.1 +42.78 4-experienced (coarse) live weight, g 20.42 ± 1.633 31.30 ± 4.162 40.34 ± 3.817 * 43.1 ± 1.217 43.96 ± 0.702 (deviation,% of control +21.5 +42.6 +39.5 +22.59 5-experienced (rapeseed) live weight, g 20.83 ± 1.305 31.18 ± 2.238 40.58 ± 3.267 * 43.53 ± 2.327 43.54 ± 0.586 (deviation,% of control +21.0 +43.4 +40.9 +21.42 Control (does not contain) live weight, g 21.03 ± 1.019 25.76 ± 2.223 28.29 ± 2.341 30.89 ± 1.344 35.86 ± 0.483 one hundred% * P <0.05, ** P <0.01

By 152 days of age, the live weight of experimental animals has reached the mass of adult animals. In the experimental groups, the increase in live weight in the period from 152 to 182 days decreased from 42.78 to 20.69% compared with the control group, while at the age of 121 to 152 days it was 63.1-38.7%. It should be noted that in animals of the control group in the period from 152 to 182 days, compensatory growth occurs, which is expressed in an increase in gain in live weight by 4.97 g. In the period from 60 to 152 days, it averaged 3.29 g.

Table 4

)The increase in live weight of experimental animals, (

) Group number The gain in live weight, g 91-day 121-day 152-day average for the period 1-experienced (sunflower) 10.12 ± 5.068 8.54 ± 2.909 * 3.07 ± 0.593 7.24 ± 3.028 2-experienced (camelina) 12.48 ± 3.553 10.85 ± 2.504 * 2.5 ± 0.857 8.61 ± 2.685 3-experienced (linen) 12.11 ± 3.534 11.51 ± 1.863 ** 4.28 ± 0.488 9.3 ± 2,336 4-experienced (coarse) 10.91 ± 4.479 9.24 ± 1.675 * 2.76 ± 0.039 7.64 ± 2.025 5-experienced (rapeseed PV) 10.3 ± 2.750 9.4 ± 2.343 * 2.95 ± 0.129 7.55 ± 2.016 Control (does not contain) 4.73 ± 1.823 2.53 ± 1.407 2.6 ± 0.225 3.28 ± 1.103 * P <0.05, ** P <0.01

On average, over the period of the experiment, the increase in live weight of mice of the experimental groups was significantly 2.2–2.8 times larger than in the control group (P <0.05) (Table 4).

Cake have a significant impact on the formation of the mucous membrane, glandular apparatus of the gastrointestinal tract and the condition of internal organs.

When the meal comes into the stomach, they actively absorb water, swelling and increasing in volume by about 5 times. Since they work as an indiscriminate sorbent that can bind not only water, but also other, primarily toxic substances: nitrites, nitrates, carcinogens, bacterial toxins.

At the end of the experiment, an anatomical study of the internal organs of experimental animals was carried out, in which pathological changes were not detected.

Table 5

)Liver mass of experimental animals, g, (

) Group number Liver mass 1 - experimental (sunflower) 1.722 ± 0.315 2 - experimental (camelina) 1.825 ± 0.219 3 - experimental (linen) 1.813 ± 0.189 4 - experienced (rape) 1.875 ± 0.333 5 - experimental (rapeseed) 1,688 ± 0,253 Control (does not contain) 1.913 ± 0.242

According to the results of studies, it was found that the liver mass in animals of the experimental groups is 1.1-1.06 times less than in individuals of the control group. In animals of the control group, fat deposits were noted in the liver area. Dietary fiber of oilcakes can slow down the accumulation of fat in the liver, improve the action of its enzymes. By cleansing the gastrointestinal tract, they restore the antitoxic function of the liver, activate transport and assimilation of vitamin C, and stimulate the synthesis of vitamin K (Table 5).

Oilcakes are actively involved in the sorption and removal of priority toxicants and radionuclides from the body. This is due to their sorption and ion exchange properties, which determine their physiological activity.

Table 6

)The lead content in the feed mixture and the gastrointestinal tract of mice when feeding heteropolysaccharide complexes of oilseeds, mg / day, (

) Group number Feed mixture Content Feces the stomach intestines 1 - op. (sunflower) 0.0156 ± 0.0008 1,575 ± 0,0012 2.715 ± 0.0021 0,00029 ± 0.00 2 - op. (camelina) 0.0248 ± 0.0008 3.727 ± 0.0021 ** 2.663 ± 0.0015 0,00024 ± 0.00 3 - op. (linen) 0.0265 ± 0.0027 1,182 ± 0,002 4.784 ± 0.0010 ** 0,00043 ± 0.00 * 4 - op. (fierce) 0.0391 ± 0.0013 0.478 ± 0.001 1,300 ± 0,0010 0,00095 ± 0.00 * 5 - op (rapeseed) 0.0145 ± 0.0010 3.178 ± 0.0017 ** 1.480 ± 0.0024 0,00027 ± 0.00 Control (does not contain) 0.0198 ± 0.0017 0.471 ± 0.0015 1.581 ± 0.0033 0.00016 ± 0.00 * P <0.05, ** P <0.01

The introduction of oilseeds into the diet increases the excretion of lead from the body. The greatest excretion of this element is observed when feeding rape and flaxseed meal, which is 5.9-2.7 times more compared to the control group (P <0.05) (Table 6).

Introduction to the diet of oilcake oilseeds increases the release of cadmium from the body. The highest content of this element in the feces of mice was noted when feeding sunflower and camelina cake 0.0014 ± 0.001 and 0.0012 ± 0.001 mg / day, respectively, which is 2.1-1.8 times more than that of individuals of the control group (P < 0.05) (Table 7).

The introduction of oilseeds into the diet has an uneven effect on the excretion of mercury from the body. Feeding sunflower and flaxseed reduces the excretion of mercury from the body by 1.4 and 1.9 times, and camelina, rape and rapeseed increase its excretion from the body by 4.6, 12.4 and 9.5 times, respectively, compared with the control group ( P <0.05) (Table 8).

Table 7

)The cadmium content in the feed mixture and gastrointestinal tract of mice when feeding heteropolysaccharide complexes of oilseeds, mg / day, (

) Group number Feed mixture Content Feces the stomach intestines 1 - experimental (sunflower) 0.034 ± 0.0017 0.262 ± 0.0011 0.543 ± 0.0014 0.0014 ± 0.001 * 2 - experimental (camelina) 0.041 ± 0.0199 0.118 ± 0.0008 0.189 ± 0.0017 0.0012 ± 0.001 * 3 - experimental (linen) 0.042 ± 0.001 0.095 ± 0.0013 0.259 ± 0.001 0.00086 ± 0.00 4 - experienced (rape) 0.031 ± 0.0021 0.094 ± 0.0012 0.147 ± 0.0006 0,00099 ± 0.00 5 - experimental (rapeseed) 0.034 ± 0.0013 0.114 ± 0.0013 0.250 ± 0.0011 0,00096 ± 0,00 Control (does not contain) 0.020 ± 0.001 0.140 ± 0.001 0.256 ± 0.0016 0,00066 ± 0.00 * P <0.05 Table 8 The mercury content in the feed mixture and the gastrointestinal tract of mice when feeding heteropolysaccharide complexes of oilseeds, mg / day, (

) Group No. Feed mixture Content Feces the stomach intestines 1 - experimental (sunflower) 0.0012 ± 0.00 0.0677 ± 0.0008 0.1527 ± 0.068 0.000056 ± 0.00 2 - experimental (camelina) 0,00095 ± 0,0 0.0227 ± 0.0008 0.0674 ± 0.0005 0,00037 ± 0.00 * 3 - experimental (linen) 0.0012 ± 0.00 0,0b95 ± 0,008 0.1250 ± 0.0082 0.000043 ± 0.00 4 - experienced (rape) 0,00099 ± 0,0 0.0148 ± 0.005 0.0212 ± 0.0096 0,00099 ± 0.00 * 5 - experimental (rapeseed) 0,00093 ± 0,0 0.0911 ± 0.009 0.0345 ± 0.0097 0.00076 ± 0.00 * Control (does not contain) 0.0029 ± 0.00 0.0589 ± 0.008 0.0680 ± 0.0058 0.00008 ± 0.000 * P <0.05

In the experiment, the percentage of excretion with feces of priority toxicants to their amount taken with food from experimental animals was determined, which is shown in table 9.

Table 9 Isolation of priority toxicants from the body when consuming oilcake,% Group number Priority Toxicants lead cadmium mercury 1 - experimental (sunflower) 1.86 4.12 0.47 2 - experimental (camelina) 0.97 3.00 0.39 3 - experimental (linen) 1,62 2.05 0.36 4 - experienced (rape) 2.43 3.22 1.10 5 - experimental (rapeseed) 1.86 2.83 1.00 Control (does not contain) 0.81 3.29 0.44

All oilseed meal removes lead from the body. The highest percentage of lead excretion was noted when feeding rape cake, which is 3 times more than in the control group. Oilcakes selectively affect the sorption and excretion of cadmium and mercury from the body. Feeding camelina and flaxseed meal reduces the excretion of mercury from the body by 0.05 and 0.08%, respectively, compared with the control group. The largest amount of mercury is excreted from the body when feeding large-scale meal and is 1.1%.

The content of radionuclides in the feed mixture and feces of mice when feeding oilcake oil crops are presented in table 10.

The highest concentration of cesium-137 was observed in the feces of animals when feeding seperate cake and amounts to 0.005 Bq / kg (P <0.05), strontium-90 and thorium-232 when feeding camelina cake and is 0.024 Bq / kg (P <0.001), potassium-40 when feeding rapeseed meal is 0.745 Bq / kg (P <0.001) of radium-226 when feeding rape and sunflower meal and is 0.04 and 0.065 Bq / kg (P <0.05), respectively.

Table 10

)The content of radionuclides in the feed mixture and feces of mice when feeding oilcakes, (

) Group number Try Radionuclides (Bq / kg) cesium - 137 strontium - 90 1 - experimental (sunflower) feed mixture 1.8 ± 0.029 1.0 ± 0.0064 feces 0,00072 ± 0,000 0.0017 ± 0.0046 2 - experimental (camelina) feed mixture 1.2 ± 0.003 1.22 ± 0.0141 feces 0.00012 ± 0.000 0.0024 ± 0.0082 *** 3 - experimental (linen) feed mixture 1.7 ± 0.0096 1.0 ± 0.0052 feces 0,00034 ± 0,000 0.0029 ± 0.0013 4 - experienced (rape) feed mixture 1.0 ± 0.0096 1.0 ± 0.0043 feces 0,0005 ± 0,000 * 0.0021 ± 0.0013 5 - experimental (rapeseed) feed mixture 1.0 ± 0.0082 1.3 ± 0.0129 feces 0.0001 ± 0.000 * 0.0022 ± 0.001 control (does not contain) feed mixture 1.1 ± 0.0089 0.8 ± 0.0129 feces 0.00008 ± 0.000 0,00032 ± 0,000 * P <0.05, *** P <0.001

In the experiment, the percentage of excretion of feces of radionuclides to their amount taken with food was determined in individuals of the control and experimental groups, which is shown in table 11.

Table 11 Isolation of radionuclides from the body when consuming oilcake,% Experimental group number Radionuclides cesium - 137 strontium - 90 thorium - 232 radium - 226 potassium - 40 1 - experimental (sunflower) 0.04 0.17 0.57 0.24 0.23 2 - experimental (camelina) 0.01 1.97 2,4 0.02 0.2 3 - experimental (linen) 0.02 0.29 0.1 0.01 0.13 4 - experienced (rape) 0.5 0.21 0.36 0.28 0.1 5 - experimental (rapeseed) 0.1 0.17 0.14 0.09 0.42 Control (does not contain) 0.007 0.04 0.02 0.004 0.16

Based on the data of table 11, oilcakes selectively affect the sorption and excretion of radionuclides from the body. Excretion with feces of cesium-137 and radium-226 with the addition of colic is 0.49 and 0.28% more, respectively. This is probably due to the fact that the largest contains the largest amount of lignin 7% of the total dry matter. The excretion of strontium-90 by feeding camelina cake is 1.96 and 2.38% more, respectively, than in individuals of the control group. This is probably due to the highest content of pectin in them 13% of the total dry matter.

As a result of the studies, it was found that the sorption and excretion of radionuclides from the body of experimental animals when feeding oilcake meal depends on the type and fractional composition of the meal.

After completion of laboratory tests and development of the main parameters of the method, a production economic experiment was conducted on bulls of 14 months of black-and-white breed in the Kurgan region.

In the equalization period, animals received a diet that meets the requirements of normalized feeding. It consisted of mixed grass hay, cereal hay, beet feed and concentrate oat-barley-wheat mixture - (oats - 15%, barley - 20%, wheat - 10%, wheat bran - 51%, premix - 1%, table salt - 1.7%, chalk - 1.3%).

At the age of 14 months, the gobies were transferred to the mode of experience. In the feeding of animals in the experimental period, concentrate mixtures with the inclusion of different types of meal were used. The structure of the concentrate mixture is presented in table 12. The variant with sunflower meal is considered as a control.

Table 12 The composition of the concentrate mixture for bulls,% Group I II III IV Mix No. one 2 four 5 Oats 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 Barley 20,0 20,0 20,0 20,0 Wheat 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Wheat bran 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 Sunflower meal 25.0 - - - Oilseed rape - 25.0 - - Rape cake - - 25.0 - Camelina cake - - - 25.0 Premix 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 a piece of chalk 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 Salt 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7

Cake cruciferous oil crops introduced instead of 25% of wheat bran. Cake was obtained from the Siberian experimental station VNIIMK them. BC Pustovojta, Isilkul city, Omsk Region: sunflower (from the seeds of sunflower - Sibirsky-97), rapeseed (from the seeds of the Yubileyny variety containing 0.1% erucic acid and 0.55% glucosinolates), camelina (from the seeds of the Isilkulets variety), rape (from seeds of the Amber variety, containing 0.79% erucic acid and 0.84% glucosinolates). The rest of the feed in the farm of its own production.

Feed mixtures were prepared in the feed workshop of the farm. Feeding features of experimental gobies are presented in table.13.

The content of mineral substances in the cake are shown in table 14.

From the data given in table 3, it can be seen that there are significant differences in the content of mineral substances depending on the type of oilcake. The highest content of calcium and phosphorus is noted in rape cake - 17.22 and 9.94 g / kg, respectively.

Table 13 Feeding of young cattle of black-motley breed (aged 14-18 months) Group Number of goals Feeding Features I (sunflower cake) (control) 8 Cereal hay, mixed grass hay, fodder beets (OR) * + concentrate mixture No. 1 with 25% (by weight) of sunflower meal II rapeseed cake) 8 OR + concentrate mixture No. 2 with 25% rapeseed meal III (rape cake) 8 OR + concentrate mixture No. 3 with 25% rape cake IV (camelina cake) 8 OR + concentrate mixture No. 4 with 25% camelina OR * - the main diet

Table 14 The mineral composition of the used oilcake Element Units rev. Cake Sunflower Rapeseed Rash Saffron Calcium g / kg 2,34 5.76 17.22 4,57 Phosphorus g / kg 9.56 8.46 9.94 9.32 Magnesium g / kg 0.99 0.91 0.91 0.82 Potassium g / kg 15.00 9.00 10,20 10.80 Sodium g / kg 0.10 0.20 0.25 0.10 Cobalt mg / kg 3.69 4.09 3,54 3.92

The sunflower meal contains slightly more magnesium by 8.08-17.17% and potassium by 28-40% than in other types of meal. The sodium content in rapeseed and colza cake is 0.10 higher; 0.15 g / kg, compared with sunflower and camelina oilcake. A higher cobalt content is observed in rapeseed, 10.5% - camelina, 15.75% - sunflower and 19.18% - rape cake.

All cakes were examined for the content of heavy metals — copper, zinc, cadmium, manganese, iron, and lead (Table 15).

In the cakes studied, excess of the permissible zinc concentration was observed: in sunflower cakes by 21.1 mg / kg or 29.7%, rapeseed cakes by 0.3 mg / kg or 0.6%, serais by 1.67 mg / kg or 3.2% and camelina - 6.67 mg / kg or 11.8%. Compared to concentrated feeds, represented by wheat, barley and oats, cake contains more zinc at 11.35-44.92 mg / kg, 17.07-50.64 mg / kg, 18.36-51.93 mg / kg, respectively.

Table 15 The content of toxic elements in oilcake Type of cake The content of elements, mg / kg Cu Zn Cd Mn Fe Pb Sunflower 26.17 * 71.08 * 0.08 19.67 140.97 * 0,037 Rapeseed 4.61 50.28 * 0.06 53,99 152.77 * 0.019 Rash 5.54 51.67 * 0.05 48.41 146.29 * 0.017 Saffron 9.63 56.67 * 0.05 25.47 141.82 * 0.019 MPC 10.00 50.00 0.10 - 100.00 0.50 Note: * MPC exceeded

Cake contains more than 0.11-21.71 mg / kg of copper than in wheat, barley and oats. Sunflower meal is characterized by a high copper content of 26.17 mg / kg, which is higher than in stiff, rapeseed and camelina cake by 21.6, respectively; 20.6; 16.5 and 12.9; 11.9; 7.8 mg / kg. The concentration of copper in sunflower meal was 2.62 MPC, respectively, and in the rest of the cake, 0.46-0.96 MPC.

Rapeseed and rape oilcake contain twice as much manganese as sunflower and camelina oilcake.

The analysis of feeds on the content of cadmium and lead revealed the highest concentration of this element in sunflower meal - 0.8 and 0.074 MAC.

In addition, oilcakes contain more copper by 0.11-21.71 mg / kg or 2.39-82.96% and zinc by 11.35-51.93 mg / kg or 22.57-61.93 % compared with grain feed produced in agricultural enterprises of the Kurgan region. Therefore, it is quite rational to include in the diet of animals sunflower, rapeseed, colza and camelina cake within certain limits.

When providing an animal with full-fledged feeding, which is based on meeting the needs of a growing organism for energy, one can count on good growth rates and high productivity (Table 16).

Table 16

)Dynamics of live weight of gobies of experimental groups, (n = 8,

) Indicator Group I (sunflower meal) II (rapeseed cake) III (rape cake) IV (camelina oilcake) Age, month Live weight kg fourteen 330.0 ± 1.24 329.4 ± 2.64 329.8 ± 2.02 330.3 ± 2.26 fifteen 361.4 ± 1.58 361.5 ± 2.72 362.0 ± 1.96 361.5 ± 2.36 16 397.6 ± 1.45 399.8 ± 2.46 399.4 ± 1.95 398.8 ± 2.59 17 438.3 ± 1.0 1 442.4 ± 2.34 441.3 ± 1.94 438.9 ± 2.19 eighteen 476.0 ± 1.02 482.0 ± 2.37 * 480.4 ± 1.82 476.6 ± 2.38 Mass growth rate,% 1.44 1.46 1.46 1.44 * P <0.05: ** P <0.01

From the above data it is seen that the live weight of the calves of the experimental groups at the age of 14 months and after the first month of the experiment was almost the same 328.6-330.3 and 361.4-362.0 kg (P≥0.05). In the future, the live weight of the experimental animals changed in different ways. At the age of 16 months, the live weight of the calves of the first group compared with the second was less than 2.2 kg or 0.55%, the third - 4.4 kg or 1.11% (P≤0.05), the fourth - 1 , 8 kg or 0.45% and the fifth - 1.2 kg or 0.30%.

The highest live weight at 17 months of age were bulls of the third group - 445.0 kg, which is 6.7 kg more, or 1.51% (P≤0.01), than the first group analogues, 2.6 kg or 0.58% - the second, by 3.7 kg or 0.83% - of the fourth group.

At 18 months of age, animals of the second (P≤0.05), third (P≤0.01), fourth group exceeded the live weight of the calves of the first group by 6.0 kg or 1.24%, 4.4 kg or 0, 92% and 0.6 kg or 0.13%, respectively.

Additionally, a comparative analysis of the accumulation of heavy metals in the meat of gobies fed on diets optimized by the level of toxic elements with different types of oilcake was carried out.

Animal tissues selectively accumulate elements, and therefore their concentration in the body is much higher than in the animal feed.

For analysis of meat, the longest muscle of the back was taken in the lumbar region. The lead content in the muscle varies from 0.22 to 0.34 MAC, which is 0.10-0.22 mg / kg or% lower than the regional average.

The concentration of cadmium in muscles in the region average was 0.34 MAC. In the muscle tissue of experimental gobies, the cadmium level decreased to 0.22-0.26 MPC (table 17).

The content of mercury in muscle tissue is hundredths of the maximum permissible concentrations for all groups of animals. The concentration of arsenic in the muscle of the gobies of the second, third and fourth groups was not found, and in those of the first and fifth groups contains 0.001 MAC.

Copper and zinc accumulate in the muscles in the amount of 0.29-0.30 and 0.38-0.39 MAC, respectively, which is lower than the average for the region.

Thus, a study of the environmental safety of meat of young cattle has shown the feasibility of feeding oilcake oilcake in technogenic conditions.

Table 17

)The average content of heavy metals in the muscles of young cattle, mg / kg, (

) Group Pb Cd Hq Cu Zn Group I (sunflower meal) 77,2
0.17 ± 0.01 0.013 ± 0.002 0.0017 ± 0.0003 1.50 ± 0.04 27.31 ± 0.19 Group II (rapeseed cake) 68,2
0.15 ± 0.01 0.011 ± 0.001 0.0015 ± 0.0002 1.44 ± 0.04 27.25 ± 0.16 Group III (rape cake) 59.1
0.13 ± 0.01 0.011 ± 0.001 0.0015 ± 0.0001 1.45 ± 0.03 26.85 ± 0.39 Group IV (camelina cake) 63.3
0.14 ± 0.01 0.012 ± 0.001 0.0013 ± 0.0001 1.49 ± 0.04 26.93 ± 0.21 Region average one hundred%
0.22 ± 0.02 0.017 ± 0.01 0.002 ± 0.000 1.51 ± 0.06 27.68 ± 1.56 MPC 0.5 0.05 0,03 5,0 70 * - the difference is significant, * P≤0.05

Based on the studies in two complex experiments, it was concluded that the feed additive in the form of cruciferous meal cake, introduced in the amount of 22-25% of bran in a concentrated mixture, has the expression of a complex positive effect on the animal organism. Its introduction into the diet of animals stimulates the increase in live weight, productivity, increases the body's defenses and ensures the normative (ecological) purity of products against environmental pollution by heavy metals. The positive effect of cruciferous oilcake, especially colza and saffron mushrooms, can be explained by the high absorption properties that contribute to the neutralization of toxins in the gastrointestinal tract, improve digestion and digestibility of feed, which makes it possible to recommend a method for growing calves in production, showing its technical feasibility and comprehensive novelty.

Claims (3)

1. A method of feeding gobies in ecologically polluted territories, including the introduction of a feed additive into the diet, characterized in that, as a feed additive, for gobies during the fattening period of 14-18 months, cruciferous oil crops are introduced into the diet, and the meal is introduced in an amount of 22- 25% of the amount of bran. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as a feed additive use colza or camelina oilcake with an oil content of 15-20% of early varieties. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cake is used from beetroot cultivar Yantarnaya bezerukovyh forms with a content of up to 0.79% erucic acid and up to 0.84% glucosinolates or camelina varieties Isilkulets.