RU2748473C1 - Complete universal granular feed for all sex and age groups of rabbits - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and namely to complete universal granular feed for all sex and age groups of rabbits. The compound feed contains alfalfa hay, wheat, sunflower cake, wheat bran, beet pulp, soybean cake, oats, corn and a protein-mineral-vitamin supplement. The components are taken in a certain ratio.EFFECT: use of the invention will increase meat productivity of rabbits, reduce the cost of feed.1 cl, 3 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the production of animal feed, in particular, complete granulated feed for rabbits. The invention can be used for feeding rabbits of broiler breeds and meat hybrids of all sex and age groups in conditions of intensive breeding (up to 8 per year) in industrial conditions.

Known compound feed for herbivorous animals - rabbits and marmots, containing the following components, wt. %: herbal flour - 26.5-40.0; wheat bran - 9.0-15.0; sunflower meal - 13.0-16.0; meat flour - 1.0-4.0; fish meal - 2.0-5.0; feed yeast - 1.0-2.0; molasses and / or sapropel - 2.0-3.0; table salt - 0.3-0.5, premix or protein-vitamin-mineral supplement - 0.5-1.0; grain mixture based on wheat containing 2.0-3.2 wt. % barley - the rest (Patent RU 2148938 C1; IPC А23К 1/00; publ. 05/20/2000).

The disadvantage of compound feed is the presence in its composition of sources of protein of animal origin (fish and meat and bone meal). The use of these components often leads to contamination of feed with pathogenic microflora and leads to an increase in the cost of feed in general.

Known complete feed for young rabbits and adult rabbits during pregnancy and lactation PGK-92-1-6, which has the following composition: wheat (at least 15%), barley (at least 45%), wheat bran (at least 20%) , alfalfa grass (vitamin-herbal flour -15%), sunflower meal (no more than 5%), limestone flour, salt, mono-calcium phosphate, lysine monochlorohydrate, Bacell enzyme, natuzim, chlorella suspension, premix. As part of the premix (content of biologically active substances): Vitamin A, Vitamin E, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B12, Vitamin Be, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, J. Quality indicators, in%: crude protein - 16.793; crude protein + phosphorus - 18,769; methionine + cystine - 0.493; lysine - 0.561; crude fiber - 8.933; phosphorus - 0.793; calcium - 0.639; calcium + phosphorus - 0.657 (https://fermer.ru/blog/9164/retsepty-kk-dlya-krolikov-146825).

The disadvantage of this compound feed is the large imbalance between the fiber and protein content, which can cause bloating, especially in young animals, as well as the low calcium content, which can lead to lagging behind the growth of the skeleton of the animal.

A universal compound feed for rabbits of the Purina trademark was adopted as a prototype (https://purina-agro.ru/catalog/razvedenie-krolikov/kombikom-purina-universalnyy-dlya-krolikov). Composition of compound feed: cereals, sunflower meal, herbal flour, wheat bran, beet pulp, vegetable oil, limestone flour, phosphates, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, probiotic, granule fixer, coccyodiostatic and other ingredients. The main indicators of nutritional value: exchange energy - 2294 Kcal; crude protein (min.) - 17%; crude fat (min.) - 2%; crude fiber (min.) - 13%; total lysine (min.) - 0.69%; total methionine + cystine - 0.63%; calcium - 1%; available phosphorus - 0.7%; vitamin A -12500 ME; vitamin D3 - 2000 ME; vitamin E - 50 mg / kg.

This compound feed has proven itself well among rabbit meat producers, because has a balanced composition and high indicators of nutritional and energy value. However, it has a high cost and its use is often economically impractical.

In addition, the manufacture of feed containing sunflower meal will be problematic and unprofitable in regions with underdeveloped oil extraction production, for example, in the Crimea, where pressing technology is used in the production of oil, with the production of cake as a by-product.

The problem to be solved by this invention is to expand the range of manufactured feeds for rabbits, to create a universal feed that can be used for all sex and age groups of rabbits and can be made in areas with underdeveloped oil extraction and grass flour production.

EFFECT: obtaining a balanced compound feed, nutritionally corresponding to the specification of rations for broiler breeds and high-yielding rabbit meat hybrids, increasing the meat productivity of rabbits and reducing the cost of compound feed.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a complete universal granular feed for all sex and age groups of rabbits, containing cereals, a product of processing sunflower seeds, green feed, wheat bran, beet pulp and protein-mineral-vitamin supplement, according to the invention additionally contains soybean cake as grain contains wheat, oats and corn, contains sunflower cake as a product of processing sunflower seeds, and contains alfalfa hay as a green forage with the following ratio of components, wt. %:

Alfalfa Hay - 28-30

Wheat - 20-25

Sunflower cake 7-11

Wheat bran - 6-12

Beet pulp - 6-8

Soybean cake - 4-8

Oats - 3-7

Corn - 3-5

Protein-mineral-vitamin supplement - the rest

The essential distinguishing features of the claimed compound feed are its qualitative and quantitative composition. The given range of values of the feed components is optimal and ensures the production of a balanced compound feed for broiler rabbits and meat hybrids of all sex and age groups in an industrial system of keeping.

A decrease or increase in a given quantitative interval entails a deterioration in the characteristics of the declared compound feed, an imbalance in the basic nutrients and, as a consequence, the impossibility of obtaining the claimed technical result.

The degree of crushing of the feed included in the diet depends on the age of the rabbits for which the feed is intended. When feeding with loose feed, rabbits can partially eat the feed without eating the most valuable components, and it is also possible that the airways become clogged with loose feed, which leads to various diseases of the respiratory tract and a lag in gaining live weight, and an increase in feed costs per unit of gain. The most effective and versatile feeding of rabbits is due to the use of granulated compound feed with a granule diameter of 3-4 mm. Each pellet contains a complete set of all nutrients contained in the compound feed. The composition of the claimed compound feed makes it possible to obtain granules of optimal quality in terms of the strength of the granules without adding additional binding additives.

To obtain compound feed, the following components are used.

Alfalfa is one of the most useful and sought-after legumes. It is widely used for making hay and silage. Alfalfa hay has a higher percentage of digestible nutrients than any other form of hay or roughage and is very high in protein, calcium and vitamins. When harvesting alfalfa for hay in the budding phase, the dry mass contains 21.9% protein, and when harvesting in the flowering phase - 16.8%. Hay contains 1.49% calcium, 0.24% phosphorus and 0.18% sulfur. 1 kg of hay contains 0.5 feed unit, 10.4 g of lysine. Alfalfa hay is close to wheat bran in terms of the amount of digestible protein. The digestibility of alfalfa feed is 60-75%. The inclusion of alfalfa hay in the compound feed improves peristalsis in the gastrointestinal tract, promotes normal digestion of rabbits, while there is no need to give the animals pure hay. In addition, the use of alfalfa hay instead of grass meal can reduce the cost of compound feed.

Sunflower cake is a product obtained in the process of processing sunflower seeds. Under the press, oil is obtained from them, and the remaining squeezing is used as feed. This product has a high energy value, as it contains about 30-40% crude protein and about 15% natural fats. It also contains up to 20% fiber and more than 6% fatty acids. Sunflower cake has a low oxidation state, is rich in minerals, including calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, copper, etc. It contains a sufficient amount of B vitamins, carotene, calciferol, tocopherol, retinol, as well as such important amino acids, like methionine, tryptophan, cystine and others. A sufficient amount of oil in the cake makes it possible to refuse the use of feed oil for the preparation of compound feed, which is significantly inferior in its quality indicators to oil cake. Regular introduction of sunflower oil cake into the diet of animals has a beneficial effect on the growth of young animals, contributes to normal growth, strengthening immunity, improving metabolism and increasing the productivity of animals. Thus, sunflower meal is one of the most affordable food supplements for consumers, which is distinguished by its low cost and high nutritional value.

Soybean meal is a residual product after the extraction of oil from soybean seeds, which is one of the most valuable food additives of plant origin. It is widely used as one of the feed components or as an independent product in combination with other feeds. The main advantage of soybean meal is a high concentration of protein, which is perfectly absorbed by the animal body (soy proteins are absorbed by 80 percent) and is comparable in value to animal proteins. Soybean meal is the leader in metabolic energy, the content of proteins and vitamins of group B. In addition, the product contains lysine, phosphorus, tocopherol. Soy is a source of essential amino acids: methionine, tryptophan, histidine. Using soybean meal, you can achieve a good balance of amino acids in the diet, increase the energy value of feed.

Beet pulp is a by-product of sugar beet processing. The pulp contains such useful components as fiber, pectin substances, hymecellulose, protein, microelements. It is able to improve the taste of compound feed, helps to stabilize the microflora, since it contains easily digestible carbohydrates. In terms of chemical composition, fresh beet pulp contains (in dry matter) about 45-47% cellulose, up to 50% pectin substances, 2% protein, 0.6-0.7% sugar and about 1% minerals, it contains vitamins and organic acids. Beet pulp can be considered one of the main elements of feed used in animal husbandry, with a high content of nitrogen-free extractive substances (BEV) and easily digestible fiber (up to 19%).

Corn is a valuable grain crop in agriculture. In terms of chemical composition, corn grain stands out among cereal feeds with a high content of carbohydrates, mainly starch (up to 70%), and a high percentage of fat (up to 8%). The protein content is about 9-10%. Contains vitamins E and PP. Its use as part of compound feed has a positive effect on the quality of the carcass of rabbits.

Wheat is one of the main crops used in feeding farm animals. Compared to other cereals, it has the highest protein level (13-15% on average). Contains vitamins, minerals and easily digestible protein. The use of winter wheat in the composition of compound feed contributes to obtaining a balanced composition of compound feed in terms of nutrients and vitamins.

Oats - this valuable cereal is rightfully considered a dietary food. Grain is rich in protein, calcium, vitamin B1, phosphorus, iron compounds, and other trace elements important for health. In terms of chemical composition, oats are distinguished by a large content of fat and fiber in comparison with grains of other cereals. It is characterized by excellent digestibility, improves digestion, increases intestinal motility and promotes the production of all necessary enzymes.

Wheat bran - is a by-product of the milling industry, which includes frayed grain shells, unsorted residues of mealy substances and germs. Bran is characterized by a high content of fiber, fat, protein. In addition, they contain nitrogen-free extractive substances, ash, phosphorus (about 80% of phosphorus from grain goes into bran), calcium, amino acids, vitamins of groups B, A, E. The protein that is part of their composition is almost completely digested by the animal's body. ... The nutritional value of bran depends on the proportion of flour - the more flour and less shells of grain, the higher the nutritional value and calorie content.

Protein-mineral-vitamin supplement (BMVD) is a complex of concentrated biologically active components, the function of which is to maximally balance the diet of animals and ensure their high physiological needs. BMVD, which is part of the claimed compound feed for rabbits, contains feed yeast, vitamins, minerals, phosphates, amino acids, feed coccidiostatic, probiotic-enzyme additive and toxin inhibitor. The action of the constituent components of BMVD increases the digestibility of feed nutrients, contributes to their complete assimilation by the animal's body. The enzymatic, hormonal and immune systems of animals are activated, which, as a result, contributes to an increase in productivity, fertility and health. The probiotic in the composition of BMVD promotes the activation of digestion processes and the normalization of the gastrointestinal tract, the coccidiostatic is intended to prevent the occurrence of coccidiosis. Also in the composition of BMVD there is a toxin inhibitor, which is a natural mixture of inorganic sorbents, has sorption and ion-exchange properties that have a therapeutic and prophylactic effect on the body of animals, ensuring the binding of toxins, improving calcium-phosphorus metabolism, protein synthesis and hemoglobin.

The nutrient content of the compound feed is shown in Table 1.

Thus, a balanced universal compound feed for rabbits meets the requirements of GOST 32897-2014 "Compound feed for fur animals, rabbits and nutria. General technical conditions ".

To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed compound feed, an experiment was carried out in the conditions of the rabbit breeding laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea" (Republic of Crimea, Krasnogvardeisky District, the village of Klepinino) and Rabbit-breeding farm of IE Bakiev AA (Republic of Crimea, Simferopol district, Kashtanovoye village), on rabbits of the broiler breed "Californian" and rabbits of the meat hybrid of the French selection "Hikol". The rabbits were kept indoors in cage equipment in accordance with industrial rabbit breeding technology.

The duration of the experiment was 120 days. The female rabbits were selected in groups according to the method of analogs, taking into account the exterior data, age, development. Was selected 2 groups of 15 females - experimental (receiving the declared feed) and control (receiving compound feed prototype).

The conditions of keeping, the front of feeding and drinking, the parameters of the microclimate were the same and corresponded to the recommendations for the industrial production of rabbit meat.

The compound feed was obtained by pouring the feed into separate bunker feeders in accordance with the consumption standard: fledging female rabbits - 200 g / head, lactating female rabbits - 400 g / head; young animals 42-48 days - 100 g / head; young animals 49-55 days - 120 g / head; young animals 56-62 days - 140 g / head; young animals 63-69 days - 160 g / head; young animals 70-76 days - 180 g / head; young stock 77-81 days - 200 g / head.

Throughout the experiment, the safety of the population of rabbits during lactation and weaning was taken into account; the rabbits were weighed at birth, at the time of jigging the young from the female rabbit (41 days), during the slaughter period (81 days); determined the chemical composition of meat.

Zootechnical indicators of rabbits are presented in table 2.

Based on the above data, it should be noted that the rabbits that consumed the claimed compound feed exceeded their counterparts from the prototype in live weight at birth and at the time of jigging (41 days) by 4.76% and 1.57%, respectively, but before slaughter lost in live weight (81 days) by 2.05%. At the same time, the safety during lactation was lower by 7.82%, but during the feeding period it was higher by 4.77%. It is also worth noting that the fertility of female rabbits was at the same level and amounted to 86.7%, but when fed with the declared compound feed, rabbits were born 2.17% more.

The use of the claimed compound feed contributed to an increase in the slaughter yield by 1.06%. The consumption of the declared compound feed for an increase in 1 kg of production was higher, and the difference was 6.04%.

It is also important that the cost of the prototype compound feed exceeded the cost of the declared compound feed by 31%, which led to the fact that the cost of compound feed spent per 1 kg of manufactured products, when using the declared compound feed, was 19% lower. As a result, the profitability of production when using the declared compound feed (taking into account the costs only for compound feed) was 50.74% higher.

It can be argued that the use of the declared compound feed can bring additional income to rabbit farms for household needs, without losing productivity in rabbits and product quality.

At the end of the period of raising rabbits, anatomical cutting of carcasses was carried out, which makes it possible to judge the quality indicators of meat.

A chemical analysis of the meat of experimental rabbits showed that in the muscles of the back and hind thigh muscles the protein content per absolutely dry matter was 69.64% and 84.77%, respectively, crude fat per absolutely dry matter was 18.08% and 8.4% , and in the forepaws, the protein and fat content per absolutely dry matter was 63.27% and 30.0%, respectively.

A biochemical analysis of the blood of rabbits that received the declared compound feed was also carried out, the average results are shown in Table 3.

Analysis of the data in Table 3 allows us to conclude that the biochemical analysis of the blood serum of rabbits receiving the declared feed is within the acceptable values of the biochemical analysis of the blood serum of rabbits.

The declared compound feed is fed in accordance with the normative indicators to all sex and age groups of rabbits, and young animals are fed from the moment of self-feeding until slaughter at 90 days of age. The feed is balanced and nutritionally compliant with broiler and high-yield rabbit meat hybrids. The use of feed allows you to increase the meat productivity of rabbits, to reduce the cost of compound feed, to increase the safety for fattening.

Claims (2)

Complete universal granular feed for all sex and age groups of rabbits, containing cereals, sunflower seed processing product, green feed, wheat bran, beet pulp and protein-mineral-vitamin supplement, characterized in that it additionally contains soybean cake, contains wheat as grain, oats and corn, as a product of processing sunflower seeds, contains sunflower cake, and as a green forage it contains alfalfa hay with the following ratio of components, wt%: Alfalfa hay 28-30 Wheat 20-25 Sunflower cake 7-11 Wheat bran 6-12 Beet pulp 6-8 Soybean cake 4-8 Oats 3-7 Corn 3-5 Protein-mineral-vitamin supplement rest