RU2338353C1 - Phytoremediation method of cleaning up soil from heavy metals - Google Patents

Phytoremediation method of cleaning up soil from heavy metals Download PDF

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RU2338353C1
RU2338353C1 RU2007107274/12A RU2007107274A RU2338353C1 RU 2338353 C1 RU2338353 C1 RU 2338353C1 RU 2007107274/12 A RU2007107274/12 A RU 2007107274/12A RU 2007107274 A RU2007107274 A RU 2007107274A RU 2338353 C1 RU2338353 C1 RU 2338353C1
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liquorice
licorice
mass
plants
depth
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RU2007107274/12A
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RU2007107274A (en
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Александр Макарович Салдаев (RU)
Александр Макарович Салдаев
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Александр Макарович Салдаев
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Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.
SUBSTANCE: method implies creation of liquorice plantations on the decontaminating lands. Rhizome cuttings of the 4-5-years-old liquorice with the length of 0.20-0.25 m and diameter of 8-20 mm with 4-6 axillary buds of the common liquorice Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch are planted at the depth of 0.16-0.22 m with wide row spacings of 2.1-2.8 m in two mutually perpendicular directions with planting rate of 21500-28600 pieces per hectare. During first two years trickle irrigation of the liquorice plants is carried out along the plant rows with trickle rate of application equal to 2-4 l/hour, the trickles are placed at 0.3-0.4 m from each other in the flexible irrigation pipes cavities. The vegetative mass is closely mown and laid into silage pits during September-October at the end of the third-year growth season of the liquorice and concomitant grass. Yearly at the beginning of the 4th, 5th and 6th years amaranth seeds of Bagryanyj grade are sown directly without tillage at the depth of 0.5-1.5 cm with the row spacing of 0.7-1.4 m and with seeding rate of 8·106-12·106 pieces per hectare. Yearly in August the vegetative mass of liquorice and amaranth is mown and crushed with following laying it into the above silage pit. Each 0.3-0.6 m layer of the ensiling mass is treated with saline solution of natural mineral bischofite with the density of 1.1-1.3 t/m3 with the rate of 200-400 l per ton of raw ensiling mass. From the 8th year on the liquorice root is gained at the depth of 0.4-0.6 m. Liquorice roots and rhizome are digged out to the daylight in strips 1.1-1.6 m wide in the direction of the liquorice cuttings planting. Virgin zone 0.6-0.8 m wide is left between the strips as a reservation zone for the liquorice population renewal by regeneration of roots in the treated strips and penetration of new roots out of the reservation zones. The liquorice root mass is subject to extraction, unmarketable parts of the liquorice roots and rhizome as well as extraction production wastes are mixed with ensiling mass of the liquorice and amaranth in the pits. In autumn the obtained organic fertiliser is applied to the surface of the treated strips when digging out the root mass. Upper soil layer in each strip is milled up to agronomically valuable soil aggregates by tillers at the depth of 0.10-0.16 m and packed by water-filled rollers with the pressure of 0.16-0.32 MPa. In a year secondary digging out of the liquorice root mass is carried out in the other direction of the liquorice cuttings planting.
EFFECT: method allows including contaminated lands around industrial plants into economic rotation.
24 dwg, 21 tbl

Description

Текст описания приведен в факсимильном виде.

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The text of the description is given in facsimile form.
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Claims (1)

Фиторемедиационный способ очистки почв от тяжелых металлов, включающий выращивание на дезактивируемой местности растений и удаление растительного покрова с дальнейшей его утилизацией, отличающийся тем, что на дезактивируемой местности растениями солодки голой Glycyrrhiza glabra L. и Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. и амаранта сорта Багряный создают плантации растений солодки посадкой черенков четырех - пятилетнего возраста из корневищ солодки длиной 0,20-0,25 м и диаметром 8-20 мм с четырьмя - шестью пазушными почками на глубину 0,16-0,22 м с широкими междурядьями 2,1-2,8 м в двух взаимно перпендикулярных направлениях с нормой высадки 21500-28600 штук на гектар, в первые два года жизни растений солодки осуществляют капельный полив вдоль рядков растений с нормой расхода капельниц от 2 до 4 л/ч с шагом их размещения 0,3-0,4 м в полости гибких поливных трубопроводов, к концу вегетации третьего года жизни растений солодки и сопутствующих трав на дезактивируемой местности в период сентябрь - октябрь месяцы проводят скашивание вегетативной массы на низком срезе и ее закладку в силосные траншеи, ежегодно в начале четвертого, пятого и шестого годов жизни растений проводят прямой, без обработки почвы, посев семян растений амаранта с шириной междурядий 0,7-1,4 м на глубину 0,5-1,5 см с нормой высева семян 8·106-12·106 штук/га, а в августе месяце каждого года скашивают и измельчают вегетативную массу солодки и амаранта, измельченную массу в виде резки закладывают в ту же силосную траншею, при этом по слоям силосуемой массы 0,3-0,6 м в траншею вносят рассол природного минерала бишофит плотностью 1,1-1,3 т/м3 нормой 200-400 л на тонну сырой силосуемой массы, начиная с восьмого года жизни растений в плантации ведут добычу солодкового корня на глубину 0,4-0,6 м с извлечением корней и корневищ солодки на дневную поверхность полосами шириной 1,1-1,6 м в направлении посадки черенков солодки с оставлением между полосами целинной зоны шириной 0,6-0,8 м в качестве зоны резервации и восстановления популяций солодки за счет регенерации корней в обработанных полосах и проникновения новых корней из зон резервации, корневую массу солодки подвергают экстракции, нетоварные части корня и корневищ солодки и отходы экстрактного производства перемешивают с силосуемой надземной массой солодки и амаранта в траншеях, полученное органическое удобрение, насыщенное микроэлементами из рассола бишофита, поздно осенью поверхностно вносят на обработанные полосы при извлечении корневой массы, верхний слой почвы в каждой полосе фрезеруют до агрономически ценных почвенных агрегатов почвенными фрезами на глубину 0,10-0,16 м и уплотняют верхний слой водоналивными катками давлением 0,16-0,32 МПа, а через год в другом направлении посадки черенков солодки производят повторную выемку корневой массы солодки.A phytoremediation method for cleaning soils from heavy metals, including growing plants on a decontaminated area and removing vegetation cover with its further utilization, characterized in that on a decontaminated area plants are licorice Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. and amaranth varieties Bagryany create licorice plantations by planting cuttings of four to five years of age from licorice rhizomes 0.20-0.25 m long and 8-20 mm in diameter with four to six axillary buds to a depth of 0.16-0.22 m with wide between rows 2.1-2.8 m in two mutually perpendicular directions with a planting rate of 21500-28600 pieces per hectare, in the first two years of life of licorice plants, drip irrigation is carried out along rows of plants with a dropper flow rate of 2 to 4 l / h in increments their placement of 0.3-0.4 m in the cavity of flexible irrigation pipelines, by the end of getations of the third year of life of licorice plants and associated herbs on decontaminated areas in the period September - October, mow the vegetative mass at a low cut and lay it in silo trenches, annually at the beginning of the fourth, fifth and sixth years of plant life, they are straight, without soil cultivation, sowing seeds of amaranth plants with a row spacing of 0.7-1.4 m to a depth of 0.5-1.5 cm with a seed sowing rate of 8 · 10 6 -12 · 10 6 pieces / ha, and in the month of August each year they mow and chopped vegetative mass of licorice and amaranth, chopped the mass in the form of cutting is laid in the same silo trench, while the layers of silage of 0.3-0.6 m are brought into the trench with a brine of natural mineral bischofite with a density of 1.1-1.3 t / m 3 at a rate of 200-400 l starting from the eighth year of life of plants in the plantation, per ton of raw silage mass, licorice root is mined to a depth of 0.4-0.6 m with the extraction of roots and rhizomes of licorice on the day surface in stripes 1.1-1.6 m wide in the direction of planting licorice cuttings with the remaining between the strips of the virgin zone 0.6-0.8 m wide as a reservation zone and restored licorice populations due to the regeneration of roots in the treated bands and the penetration of new roots from the reservation zones, the root mass of licorice is subjected to extraction, non-commodity parts of the root and rhizomes of licorice and waste from extract production are mixed with the silted above-ground mass of licorice and amaranth in trenches, organic fertilizer obtained, saturated trace elements from bischofite brine, late in the autumn they are superficially applied to the treated strips when the root mass is extracted, the upper soil layer in each strip is milled to gronomicheski of soil aggregates cutters soil to a depth of 0.10-0.16 m and a compacted top layer water-filled pressure rollers 0,16-0,32 MPa, and a year later in the other direction planting cuttings licorice produce re recess licorice root mass.
RU2007107274/12A 2007-02-26 2007-02-26 Phytoremediation method of cleaning up soil from heavy metals RU2338353C1 (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2618281C1 (en) * 2015-12-16 2017-05-03 Владимир Владимирович Чертов Method for extraction of metals from soil using biomass of plants
CN109463061A (en) * 2018-09-21 2019-03-15 江苏城中园林股份有限公司 A kind of salt-soda soil plant setting method

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2455812C2 (en) * 2009-12-21 2012-07-20 Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования Кабардино-Балкарская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия им. В.М. Кокова Method of soil detoxification
CN108668814A (en) * 2018-05-03 2018-10-19 梁秀芳 Beautiful millettia root root system cross growth method

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2618281C1 (en) * 2015-12-16 2017-05-03 Владимир Владимирович Чертов Method for extraction of metals from soil using biomass of plants
CN109463061A (en) * 2018-09-21 2019-03-15 江苏城中园林股份有限公司 A kind of salt-soda soil plant setting method

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