RU2359444C2 - Phyto-remedy method of purification of soil from heavy metals - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to biological purification of soil polluted with heavy metals. The method consists in growing plants on deactivated area; through their root system plants accumulate radio-nuclides and heavy metals contained in soil; further the method consists in removing growth and in its successive utilisation. As remedy for soil deactivation from heavy metals there are used plants of Glycyrrhiza giabra L. Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. and amaranthus purple; four-five years old cuttings from roots of Glycyrrhiza are planted on deactivated area and plantations of Glycyrrhiza are grown; also cuttings are of 0.20-0.25 m length, diametre of 8-20 mm with four-six accessory buds and they are planted at depth of 0.16-0.22 m with row-spacing of 2.1-2.8 m in two mutually perpendicular directions with seeding rate 21500-28600 pieces per hectare. In first two years of plant vegetation there is performed drop watering along rows of plants at rate of dropper consumption from 2 to 4 l/h with interval of their placement 0.3-0.4 m in a cavity of flexible watering pipelines. During September-October by the end of vegetation of the third year growth of Glycyrrhiza and associated grass on the deactivated area vegetation mass is low-cut mowed and piled into silo pits. Each year at beginning of the fourth, fifth and sixth year of plant growths there is carried out sowing of seeds of amaranthus; sowing is direct without cultivation of soil with row spacing 0.7-1.4 m at depth 0.5-1.5 cm and at seeding rate of 8x10⁶-12x10⁶ pieces/hectare. Vegetation mass of Glycyrrhiza and amaranthus is mowed and chopped in August of each year, and chopped mass in form of cutting is piled into the same silo pit. Brine of natural mineral bischofite of 1.1-1.3 t/m at rate of 200-400 l per ton of raw silo mass is introduced between layers of silo mass of thickness 0.3-0.6 m. Starting from the eighth year of plants growing in the plantation there is performed extraction of Glycyrrhiza root at depth of 0.4…0.6 m with exposing roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza to day surface leaving stripes of virgin zone of 0.6-0.8 m width as zone of reservation. Root mass of Glycyrrhiza is subject to extraction with successive production of thick and dry Glycyrrhiza extract for industrial application. Freak parts of the roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza and wastes of extract production are mixed with silo above-soil mass of Glycyrrhiza and amaranthus in pits. Late in autumn produced organic fertiliser saturated with microelements from bischofite brine is strewn on surface of cultivated stripes at extraction of root mass. The upper layer of soil in each stripe is milled with a rotary tiller at depth of 0.10-0.16 m till obtaining agronomic valuable soil aggregate; further the upper layer is compacted with a water-filled roller at pressure of 0.16…0.32 MPa. In a year repeated extraction of root mass of Glycyrrhiza is performed in another direction of cutting planting. There is facilitated phyto-deactivation of root inhabited layer of soil, ground and upstream water.

EFFECT: facilitating phyto-deactivation of root-inhabited layer of soil, ground and upstream water.

24 dwg, 21 tbl

Description

The text of the description is given in facsimile form.

Claims (1)

A phytoremediation method for cleaning soils from heavy metals, including growing plants on deactivated areas that accumulate radionuclides and heavy metals contained in the soil through the root system, removing vegetation cover with its further utilization, characterized in that plants are used as a means of soil decontamination from heavy metals licorice Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. and amaranth of the Bagryany variety, on a decontaminated area, planting cuttings of four to five years of age from licorice rhizomes 0.20-0.25 m long and 8-20 mm in diameter with four to six axillary buds to a depth of 0.16-0.22 m with wide between rows 2.1-2.8 m in two mutually perpendicular directions with a seeding rate of 21500-28600 pcs. per hectare plantations of licorice plants are created; in the first two years of plant life, drip irrigation is carried out along rows of plants with a dropper flow rate of 2 to 4 l / h with a step of their placement of 0.3-0.4 m in the cavity of flexible irrigation pipelines, by the end vegetation of the third year of life of licorice plants and associated herbs on decontaminated areas in the period from September to October, mow the vegetative mass at a low cut and lay it in silo trenches, annually at the beginning of the fourth, fifth and sixth years of plant life direct sowing of seeds of amaranth plants without row cultivation with a row spacing of 0.7-1.4 m to a depth of 0.5-1.5 cm with a seed rate of 8 · 10 ⁶ -12 · 10 ⁶ units / ha, and in August of each year, the vegetative mass of licorice and amaranth is mowed and crushed, the crushed mass in the form of cutting is laid in the same silo trench, while brine of a natural mineral bischofite with a density of 1.1-1 is introduced into the trench in layers of a silage mass of 0.3-0.6 m , 3 t / m ^{3 with a} norm of 200-400 l per tonne of raw silage, starting from the eighth year of life of plants in the plantation, they are producing licorice ny to a depth of 0.4 ... 0.6 m with the extraction of roots and rhizomes of licorice on the day surface with stripes of virgin zone 0.6-0.8 m wide as a reservation zone, the root mass of licorice is subjected to operation with obtaining a thick and dry licorice extract for technical purposes, non-marketable parts of the root and rhizomes of licorice and waste of extract production are mixed with a silo overhead mass of licorice and amaranth in trenches, the obtained organic fertilizer, saturated with trace elements from bischofite brine, is applied superficially in late autumn to the worked strips when extracting the root mass, the upper soil layer in each strip is milled to agronomically valuable soil aggregates by soil mills to a depth of 0.10-0.16 m and the upper layer is compacted with water filling rollers with a pressure of 0.16 ... 0.32 MPa, and after a year in the other direction of planting licorice cuttings, re-excavate the licorice root mass.

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