RU2337900C1 - Method of obtaining complex granulated organic fertiliser enriched with mineral components - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: said utility invention relates to the agriculture and may be used in the production of complex organic fertilisers, which are used for the restoration of soil fertility and for increasing the yield and quality of various crops. The method involves mixing peat, dung, poultry manure and mineral admixtures. Fermented compost with the following composition, wt %, is used as the organic component: poultry manure with sawdust 20-25, high-moor peat with dung 30-35, low-moor peat 30-40, which is enriched by adding mineral components as required, in the following ratio: organic fermented compost 80-90%, mineral admixtures 10-20%. The mixture is granulated at a temperature exceeding 50°C and a mixture humidity of 50-60%, and then dried at 85-95°C.

EFFECT: obtaining an organic fertiliser with high content of humic compounds, amino acid and trace element complex with various component ratios depending on the intended fertiliser application and the raw source components.

3 cl, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the production of granular organic fertilizers enriched with macro- and microelements that are used in agriculture to restore soil fertility and increase yield and quality of crops.

A known method of producing a complex organic fertilizer, which contains wet bird droppings, calcium salts of nitrogen-containing organic acids and calcium oxide hydrate, followed by stirring. The ratio of components in it: 10 parts by hour 5-10 weight parts of ground quicklime are added to bird droppings. An unbalanced composition of the product is obtained, containing only nitrogen and calcium. The organic part is not exposed to the biothermal process of mineralization and humification (RU No. 2191764, 2000).

Organomineral compositions are also known containing peat, sapropel, chicken droppings with sawdust with the addition of small amounts of mineral fertilizers (RU No. 2099917, 1997).

Fertilizer contains a small amount of essential nutrient minerals.

The closest to the described by the technical nature and the achieved result is a well-known complex fertilizer containing bird droppings with a moisture content of 50-70%; sawdust with a particle size of not more than 3 mm, subjected to preliminary fermentation; high peat with a moisture content of 40-70% and a particle size of not more than 3 mm and dolomite flour in the following proportions, wt.%: bird droppings 5-15; peat 12-25; fermented sawdust 7-15; dolomite flour 6-20; nitrogen sources 13-24; sources of phosphorus 18-30; sources of potassium 6-15.

The fertilizers obtained by the method are not granular, have high humidity (more than 50%), are unbalanced in composition, and most importantly, they contain an insufficient amount of humic compounds (the content of total humates is 1.8-2.5%) and trace elements. Bird droppings and peat are introduced into the fertilizer without prior fermentation. Peat is used only as a sorbent, and bird droppings without drying or fermentation may contain residues of pathogenic flora and a large number of different weeds, larvae of harmful insects, etc. A product with high humidity and not granular will cause great difficulties when applying it to the soil (RU No. 2236393, 2003).

The objective of the invention is to improve the quality of organic fertilizer, improve its technological and operational properties, providing increased soil fertility due to the accumulation of the humus layer during prolonged use in agriculture.

In addition, the production technology of such fertilizers should not cause difficulties, and their material and particle size distribution should be easily regulated at the request of the customer and in accordance with the purpose of the fertilizer brand.

The task in the present invention is achieved by introducing into the technological process a fermented biocompost consisting of a mixture of lowland and high peat saturated with cattle manure (cattle) and sawdust saturated with bird droppings in the ratio, wt.%: Bird droppings with sawdust 20-25 ; peat with manure 30-35; lowland peat 30-40, and mineral additives. In this case, the following ratio is maintained, wt.%:

- Organic fermented compost 80-90;

- mineral additives 20-10.

All organic components are introduced in a fermented form. The presence of peat in the organic compost saturated with manure contributes to the enrichment of peat with microflora and useful components of the liquid phase of manure, which provides a more complete decomposition of organic peat into humic and mineral substances. Due to this, in the compost there is an increase in the content of humic compounds to 12-15% of total humates.

As mineral additives, salts of Cu, Mn, B, Zn, boric acid or other borates, ammophos, urea, sulfates or potassium chlorides are used.

The introduction of macro- and microelements into organic fertilizer has a known effect on plant development. However, their effect can be enhanced by the introduction of biological components, for example, manure of farm animals and bird droppings processed by microbiological fermentation, as well as the organic component - upland and lowland peat.

It is known that bird droppings contain a complex of various amino acids (lysine, methidine, glycine, aspartic and glutamic acids, etc.), which are plant growth stimulants.

The function of trace elements is to meet the needs of plants in the active synthesis of carbohydrates, vitamins, sugars, etc. In the absence or insufficient amount of trace elements, plants experience starvation and cannot develop normally. The combination of the organic complex of amino acids and the complex of the most important trace elements for plants (B, Mn, Cu, Zn) more efficiently stimulates photosynthesis, protein synthesis and regulates plant nutrition, promotes more complete assimilation of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) and, therefore, increases productivity and biological value of products.

The use of a fermented biocompost as part of the fertilizer will allow to give new qualities to the finished product - it will significantly increase the content of humic compounds (up to 12-15% of total humates), enrich it with organic biostimulants for plants and increase its effectiveness.

The high content of the organic component in the fertilizer will contribute to the structuring of the soil, increase its moisture capacity and the accumulation of humus in the productive layer with long-term use of fertilizer.

The process of obtaining the proposed complex granular organic fertilizer consists in mixing and granulating the components in the ratios required for the fertilizer brand at a temperature above 50 ° C and a mixture humidity of 50-60%, followed by drying of the granules at 85-95 ° C. The components are mixed in a certain sequence: first, mineral additives containing macro- and microelements are mixed, then their mixture is mixed and granulated with an organic component - fermented biocompost.

The formation of granules occurs almost when the components are mixed. For hardening and drying of the granules, they are sent to the pelletizing drum granulator dryer (BGS). Mineral additives can be introduced into the mixture both in dry form or in the form of a saturated aqueous solution. The introduction of trace elements in the form of a solution improves granulation and hardening of the granules during drying.

As mineral additives, phosphorus, potassium-containing mineral salts and oxides of the corresponding trace elements (Cu, Zn, Mn, B, etc.) are used, which provide the physiological need of plants for a long period of fertilizer use.

As a result, the claimed complex granular organic fertilizer (SGOU) is enriched with mineral components and contains 12-15% of total humic compounds and a complex of amino acids and trace elements.

The proposed method for producing complex granular organic fertilizers allows you to produce fertilizers with different ratios of nutrient components, depending on the source components and the purpose of the fertilizer.

Product quality depending on the composition is presented in the table.

Table
Composition of granular organic fertilizer enriched with mineral components. Fertilizer brands (N: P ₂ O ₅ : K ₂ O) Structure, % The content in the finished product,% With _gumin. N P ₂ O ₅ K ₂ O MgO Cao Microel. H ₂ O 1. Universal 1. Fermenters. compost - 85 (1: 1: 2: 0.2) 2. Mineral supplements - 15 12.3 2,3 2,3 4.4 0.28 0.45 0.50 12 2. Lawn 1. The fermenter. compost - 90 (1: 0.5: 1.5) 2. Mineral supplements - 10 12.6 2,4 1,2 3.4 0.25 0.40 0.50 10 3. Vegetable 1. The fermenter. compost - 80 (1: 1.5: 2) 2. Mineral supplements - 20 12.0 1.9 2.7 3.8 0.30 0.45 0.60 eleven 4. Berry 1. Fermenters. compost - 87 (1: 2: 3) 2. Mineral supplements - 13 12.5 1.4 2,8 4.1 0.35 0.40 0.45 12

Claims (3)

1. A method of obtaining a complex granular organic fertilizer enriched with mineral components, including mixing peat, manure, bird droppings and mineral additives, characterized in that the fermented compost composition, wt.%: Bird droppings with sawdust 20-25; horse peat with manure 30-35; lowland peat 30-40, which is enriched with additives of the necessary mineral components in the ratio: organic fermented compost 80-90%; mineral additives are 10-20%, and the mixture is granulated and dried at 85-95 ° C. 2. The method of claim 1, characterized in that a saturated solution of trace elements is used as a binder during granulation of the mixture, and granulation is carried out at a temperature above 50 ° C and a humidity of 50-60%. 3. The method of claim 1, characterized in that the salts of Cu, Mn, B, Zn, boric acid or other borates, ammophos, urea, sulfates or potassium chlorides are used as mineral additives.