CN102079668B - Efficient organic fertilizer and preparation method - Google Patents
Efficient organic fertilizer and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102079668B CN102079668B CN2009102201979A CN200910220197A CN102079668B CN 102079668 B CN102079668 B CN 102079668B CN 2009102201979 A CN2009102201979 A CN 2009102201979A CN 200910220197 A CN200910220197 A CN 200910220197A CN 102079668 B CN102079668 B CN 102079668B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention relates to an organic fertilizer, and in particular relates to an efficient organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The fertilizer comprises the following concrete components in parts by weight on dry basis: 10-25 parts of livestock manure, 60-70 parts of cornstalk, 1-3 parts of urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl)triophosphoric triamide (NBPT), 10-20 parts of turf, 0-3 parts of trace elements and 0-1 part of magnesite. The principle of the invention is as follows: the ratio of carbon to nitrogen in the organic material is controlled, the urease activity is controlled, the ammonia ions are stabilized, the utilization ratio of nitrogen is improved and the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorous to potassium is kept relatively stable in the soil, thus achieving the application effect of balanced fertilization. The fertilizer has the following advantages: the utilization ratio of fertilizer nutrients can be remarkably improved; various nutrients essential to growth of plants can be satisfied and supplied; and the soil is improved, the ecological environment is protected, the growth of plants is conditioned and the yields and quality of the crops are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to organic fertilizer, specifically a kind of efficient organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
At present, the pollution of solid waste such as mud, municipal wastes, stalk, fowl and animal excrement etc. has become the outstanding problem of environmental pollution, and especially along with the developing rapidly of intensive culture industry, fowl and animal excrement pollutes sharply development.If can not effectively process, can have a strong impact on ecotope even be detrimental to health.During High-Temperature Composting is with the innoxious effective way that is converted into the high-quality fertilizer with resource utilization of solid waste.During High-Temperature Composting is decomposed organic waste, has short, the innoxious characteristics such as more thorough for the treatment of time.Composting production is because being rich in soil ulmin and mineral nutrient as good soil conditioner and organic fertilizer.But ubiquity nitrogen loss phenomenon in the During High-Temperature Composting process is sometimes up to 77%, most of with ammonia (NH
3) form volatilization and enter in the atmosphere, not only contaminate environment, threaten human health, and reduced the nutrient content in the fertilizer.Development trend and the environmental requirement processed in order to adapt to changing rejected material to useful resource, mass-producing and batch production, the guarantor's nitrogen technology in the composting has become the focus of domestic and international research.By industrial approach, produce the efficient organic fertilizer take high utilization rate, high environmental safety as feature, significant for the development that promotes China's fertilizer industry and pollution-less agriculture.
The chemical improvement agent such as acid or acid-salt is highly effective reducing the compost nitrogen loss, promoting nitrogen to store with the form of ammonium nitrogen (ammonia and ammonium) more.And based on the consideration of Financial cost and environmental safety aspect, lower-cost solubility salt is again preferred chemical improvement agent.Adding urease inhibitor normal-butyl thiophosphoryl triamine (N-(n-buty1) tiophosphorictriamide, NBPT) in organic materials composting process is a kind of effective measure that original position is protected nitrogen.Urease inhibitor is the general name that can suppress a class material of soil urease liveness, adding urease inhibitor in urea is that the new technology that finds out over nearly 10 years uses the soil urease inhibitor can effectively slow down the enzymolysis process of urea decomposition ammonification, prolong the diffusion time of fertilising point place urea, reduce thus NH in the soil
4 +And NH
3Concentration, fertilizer provision from soil and crop are needed synchronously fertile.Therefore, using the soil urease inhibitor all beneficial to saving urea fertilizer amount of application, raising crop yield, environmental contamination reduction etc., is a kind of continuable agriculture production technology.Normal-butyl thiophosphoryl triamine (N one (n-buty1) tiophosphoric triamide, NBPT) be present one of the most effective soil urease inhibitor, simultaneously, NBPT can be directly used in improvement soil, Promoting plant growth improves crop yield 10～20% after using.Yet the research that comprehensive utilization fertilizer and urease inhibitor improve the organic fertilizer nutrient there is not yet report.
Summary of the invention
For the higher problem of nutrient loss in the existing Composting Process, the invention provides and a kind ofly can improve the organic fertilizer nutrient content, can improve soil again and improve efficient organic fertilizer of quality of agricultural product and preparation method thereof.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of efficient organic fertilizer, by the interpolation of becoming thoroughly decomposed fowl and animal excrement, maize straw and the trace element of urease inhibitor NBPT form, by butt ratio of weight and number example, its concrete composition is: 10～25 parts of fowl and animal excrements, 60～70 parts of maize straws, 1～3 part of urease inhibitor, 10～20 parts of the peats composed of rotten mosses, 0～3 part of trace element, 0～1 part in magnesia.
Described trace element is Zn, B, Mn, Fe, Mo one or a combination set of.
The preparation method of described efficient organic fertilizer is:
In proportion with fowl and animal excrement, maize straw, the peat composed of rotten mosses, trace element, magnesia, the corruption of NBPT hybrid reactor, mixing granulation, the raw material after the pulverizing
Mix by following butt ratio of weight and number example: 10～25 parts of fowl and animal excrements, 60～70 parts of maize straws, 1～3 part of urease inhibitor NBPT, 0～3 part of trace element, 0～1 part in magnesia contains 10～20 parts of the peats composed of rotten mosses of humic acids 30～70wt%;
Wherein, the rotten process of protecting the nitrogen compost of hybrid reactor is:
Moisture 20-35wt% corn stalk powder is broken to≤40 orders, with 0～3 part of 60～70 parts of maize straws, the moisture 20-30wt%10～20 part peat composed of rotten mosses, trace element, 0～1 part in magnesia and 10～25 parts of even combination treatment of moisture 60-85wt% fowl and animal excrement, pile triangular strip buttress form and pile corruption in the open in a wooden case, open-air temperature is controlled at 15-35 ℃;
Regulate the mixture water ratio between 55-65wt%, carbon-nitrogen ratio is 30: 1-25: between 1, add complex microbial inoculum " 301 " microbial inoculum, it is 3/10,000/10000ths of fowl and animal excrement, maize straw and three kinds of material butts of peat composed of rotten mosses weight, adopt open-air aerobic fermentation, above-mentioned mixtures of materials is turned over to throw process, for it creates best reaction environment, material is fully contacted with oxygen, thereby make the fertilizer of producing reach best fertilizer efficiency;
The urease inhibitor that adds 1～3 part when first time turning is protected the nitrogen deodorizing;
Fermentation period is 25-40 days, and first two weeks turns over weekly to be thrown 2-4 time, turns over weekly later on and throws 1-3 time, turns over approximately altogether and throws 10-15 time; Also can change according to the stacking temperature and turn over the throwing number of times, when the stacking temperature is lower than 60 ℃ or when being higher than 65 ℃, should suitable increase turn over the throwing number of times.
The water ratio of final material mixture is about 25-30%; Adopt sieve apparatus that the large granular materials of the diameter that does not become thoroughly decomposed fully greater than 20 millimeters sieved out, the throwing processing is turned in the heap corruption of carrying out again; The diameter that becomes thoroughly decomposed fully≤20 mm granules are added in the stirrer; (about 6min) stirs; the granulation of input granulating disc; between granularity 3～4mm, and then send into oven dry in the roller dryer, cooling; cooling, screening, packing; obtain containing the black efficient organic fertilizer of a large amount nitrogen, drying requires fertilizer water content 〉=5wt%-≤20wt%, drying temperature 60-120 ℃.
The prepared weight of fertilizer umber ratio of above-mentioned employing agglomeration technique is: 60 parts～70 parts of maize straws, 10～25 parts of fowl and animal excrements, 1～3 part of NBPT, trace element (Zn, B, Mn, Fe, Mo) 0～3 part, 0～1 part in magnesia, 10～20 parts of the peats composed of rotten mosses.
The water content of described efficient organic fertilizer dry substance is best 〉=5wt%-≤10%, and the best 80-120 of drying temperature ℃; Described urease inhibitor NBPT (N-NBPT) grinds and sieves, particle diameter≤60 orders; Described trace element is Zn, B, Mn, Fe, Mo one or a combination set of.
Inventive principle
Active group in the peat composed of rotten mosses has stronger absorption sequestering power to nutrient, and the nutrient that is adsorbed chelating is slowly discharged, and reduces its dead loss and leaching loss in soil, increases its crop absorption ratio; Utilizing urease inhibitor NBPT and urea that nitrogen is protected in the heap corruption of the organic materialss such as fowl and animal excrement processes, reduced nitrogen loss, make fertilizer not only itself can provide plant growth required nutrient, promote plant growth, and improved the synergism to fertilizer; Urease inhibitor NBPT can suppress soil urease liveness simultaneously, thereby can effectively delay organic fertilizer is hydrolyzed to ammonium nitrogen for nitrogen behind the soil process, reduces ammonia loss by volatilization.
Compare with other common fertilizer, major advantage of the present invention is:
1. fertilizer is converted into soil ulmin, promote soil to form crumb structure, improve soil fertilizer, water conservation, heat-insulating property, improvement soil, culture fertility is conducive to increase the quantity of Soil Microorganism, is that good environment is created in the activity of Soil Microorganism, increase microorganism active, promote microorganism to the decomposition and inversion ability of organic fertilizer.
2. significantly improve the fertilizer nutrient utilization ratio.Can improve nitrogen use efficiency 10%～30%, improve phosphorus utilization 5%～10%, improve potassium utilization ratio about 5%, and can significantly improve middle micro-utilization ratio.
3. can satisfy and supply plant-growth required multiple nutrient, the conditioning plant-growth improves crop yield and quality.The present invention contains the required nitrogen of plant growth, phosphorus, potassium and multiple middle trace element, and contains protein, amino acid and the physiologically active substances such as various other small molecular organic acid and polysaccharide; NBPT self can accelerate crop metabolism simultaneously, the conditioning plant-growth.
4. improvement soil physical property, formation that can promotion health soil organisms chain reduces and prevents the derivative of disease and pest, for good ecological organic condition is set up in plant-growth.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment in detail the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1 (in ratio of weight and number, lower same)
5kg is crushed to≤40 purpose maize straws (moisture about 25%) and the 1kg peat composed of rotten mosses (moisture approximately 25%), the trace element (ZnSO of the magnesia of 60g, 180g
4: borax: MnSO
4: FeSO
4: (NH
4)
2MoO
41)=50: 5: 14: 30: the even combination treatment of dry thing and 5kg fowl and animal excrement (moisture about 75%) such as, add microbiobacterial agent " 301 " microbial inoculum (fertilizer butt weight 3/10,000/10000ths), in a trogue, pile triangular strip buttress form and pile corruption in the open.According to the measurement result of C, N content in the starting material, regulate the mixture water ratio about 60%, regulate carbon-nitrogen ratio and be about 30: 1, adopt open-air aerobic fermentation process.Fermentation period is 25 days, and first two weeks turns over weekly to be thrown 3 times, turns over weekly in rear two weeks and throws 2 times, turns over altogether and throws 10 times, and room temp is controlled at more than 15 ℃.The feces of livestock and poultry mixture is turned over throwing process, create good reaction environment for it, material is fully contacted with oxygen, thereby make the fertilizer of producing reach best fertilizer efficiency.When first time turning, add 150g urease inhibitor NBPT
(Be crushed to≤60 orders) protect the nitrogen deodorizing.It is about 26% that final feces of livestock and poultry mixture becomes the fertilizer water ratio.Adopt sieve apparatus that the particle that becomes thoroughly decomposed fully (diameter is less than 20 millimeters) fertilizer is sieved out; put into stirrer stir (about 6min); the granulation of input granulating disc; between granularity 3～4mm; and then send in the roller dryer oven dry a few hours, cooling, screening, packing obtain containing the black efficient organic fertilizer of a large amount nitrogen; drying requires water content≤20%, and drying temperature is lower than 120 ℃.
The prepared weight of fertilizer umber ratio of above-mentioned employing agglomeration technique is: 61 parts of maize straws, 12.2 parts of the peats composed of rotten mosses, 20.4 parts of fowl and animal excrements, 2.44 parts of NBPT, trace element (Zn, B, Mn, Fe, Mo) 2.93 parts, 0.98 part in magnesia.
Embodiment 2
5.35kg is crushed to≤40 purpose maize straws (moisture about 30%) and the 0.94kg peat composed of rotten mosses (moisture approximately 20%), the magnesia of 30g, the trace element (ZnSO of 150g
4: borax: MnSO
4: FeSO
4: (NH
4)
2MoO
41)=50: 5: 14: 30: the even combination treatment of dry thing and 3.6kg fowl and animal excrement (moisture about 65%) such as, add 180g urease inhibitor NBPT (being crushed to≤60 orders) and protect the nitrogen deodorizing, add microbiobacterial agent " 301 " microbial inoculum (fertilizer butt weight 3/10,000/10000ths), in a trogue, pile triangular strip buttress form and pile corruption in the open.According to the measurement result of C, N content in the starting material, regulate the mixture water ratio about 60%, regulate carbon-nitrogen ratio and be about 25: 1, adopt open-air aerobic fermentation process.Fermentation period is 28 days, and first two weeks turns over weekly to be thrown 3 times, turns over weekly in rear two weeks and throws 2～3 times, turns over altogether and throws 10～12 times, and room temp is controlled at more than 15 ℃.The feces of livestock and poultry mixture is turned over throwing process, create good reaction environment for it, material is fully contacted with oxygen, thereby make the fertilizer of producing reach best fertilizer efficiency.It is about 22% that final feces of livestock and poultry mixture becomes the fertilizer water ratio.Adopt sieve apparatus that the particle that becomes thoroughly decomposed fully (diameter is less than 20 millimeters) fertilizer is sieved out; put into stirrer stir (about 5min); the granulation of input granulating disc; between granularity 3～4mm; and then send in the roller dryer oven dry a few hours, cooling, screening, packing obtain containing the black efficient organic fertilizer of a large amount nitrogen; drying requires water content≤20%, and drying temperature is lower than 100 ℃.
The prepared weight of fertilizer umber ratio of above-mentioned employing agglomeration technique is: 61.2 parts of maize straws, 20.6 parts of fowl and animal excrements, 2.9 parts of NBPT, trace element (Zn, B, Mn, Fe, Mo) 2.45 parts, 0.45 part in magnesia, 12.3 parts of the peats composed of rotten mosses.
The principle of the invention is carbon-nitrogen ratio in the regulation and control organic materials, regulation and control urease activity, stable ammonia ion, improves nitrogen utilization efficiency, keeps the proportioning of nitrogen phosphorus potassium three elements relatively stable in soil, thereby realizes the effect of balance fertilizing.Fertilizer of the present invention can significantly improve the fertilizer nutrient utilization ratio, can satisfy and supply plant-growth required multiple nutrient, and improvement soil is preserved the ecological environment, and the conditioning plant-growth improves crop yield and quality.
Claims (7)
1. fertilizer, it is characterized in that: by the interpolation of becoming thoroughly decomposed fowl and animal excrement, the maize straw of urease inhibitor NBPT, the peat composed of rotten mosses, magnesia and trace element form, by butt ratio of weight and number example, its concrete composition is: 10～25 parts of fowl and animal excrements, 60～70 parts of maize straws, 1～3 part of urease inhibitor, 10～20 parts of the peats composed of rotten mosses, 0～3 part of trace element, 0～1 part in magnesia.
2. described fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described trace element is Zn, B, Mn, Fe, Mo one or a combination set of.
3. the preparation method of the described fertilizer of claim 1 is characterized in that: in proportion with fowl and animal excrement, maize straw, the peat composed of rotten mosses, trace element, magnesia, the corruption of normal-butyl thiophosphoryl triamine NBPT hybrid reactor, mixing granulation, the raw material after the pulverizing
Mix by following butt ratio of weight and number example: 10～25 parts of fowl and animal excrements, 60～70 parts of maize straws, urease inhibitor normal-butyl thiophosphoryl triamine NBPT1～3 parts, 0～3 part of trace element, 0～1 part in magnesia contains 10～20 parts of the peats composed of rotten mosses of humic acids 30～70wt%;
Wherein, the rotten process of protecting the nitrogen compost of hybrid reactor is:
Moisture 20-35wt% corn stalk powder is broken to≤40 orders, with 0～3 part of 60～70 parts of maize straws, the moisture 20-30wt%10～20 part peat composed of rotten mosses, trace element, 0～1 part in magnesia and 10～25 parts of even combination treatment of moisture 60-85wt% fowl and animal excrement, pile triangular strip buttress form and pile corruption in the open in a wooden case, open-air temperature is controlled at 15-35 ℃;
Regulate the mixture water ratio between 55-65wt%, carbon-nitrogen ratio is 30: 1-25: between 1, add complex microbial inoculum " 301 " microbial inoculum, it is 3/10,000/10000ths of fowl and animal excrement, maize straw and three kinds of material butts of peat composed of rotten mosses weight, adopt open-air aerobic fermentation, above-mentioned mixtures of materials is turned over to throw process, for it creates reaction environment, material is fully contacted with oxygen, thereby make the fertilizer of producing reach best fertilizer efficiency;
The urease inhibitor normal-butyl thiophosphoryl triamine NBPT that adds 1～3 part when first time turning protects the nitrogen deodorizing;
Fermentation period is 25-40 days, and first two weeks turns over weekly to be thrown 2-4 time, turns over weekly later on and throws 1-3 time, turns over altogether and throws 10-15 time;
The water ratio of final material mixture is 25-30%; Adopt sieve apparatus that the large granular materials of the diameter that does not become thoroughly decomposed fully greater than 20 millimeters sieved out, the throwing processing is turned in the heap corruption of carrying out again; The diameter that becomes thoroughly decomposed fully≤20 mm granules are added in the stirrer, stir, send into oven dry in the roller dryer, cooling, obtain containing the black efficient organic fertilizer of a large amount nitrogen, drying requires fertilizer water content 〉=5wt%-≤20wt%, drying temperature 60-120 ℃.
4. preparation method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: can change according to the stacking temperature and turn over the throwing number of times, when the stacking temperature is lower than 60 ℃ or when being higher than 65 ℃, should suitable increase turn over the throwing number of times.
5. preparation method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the water content 〉=5wt%-of described efficient organic fertilizer dry substance≤10wt%, drying temperature 80-120 ℃.
6. preparation method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described urease inhibitor NBPT (normal-butyl thiophosphoryl triamine) grinds and sieves, particle diameter≤60 orders.
7. preparation method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described trace element is Zn, B, Mn, Fe, Mo one or a combination set of.
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Effective date of registration: 20200110 Address after: Ju Liang Tun Zhen Meng Jia Tun Cun, Yi County, Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province Patentee after: Jinzhou jujiuyuan organic fertilizer Co., Ltd Address before: 110016 Shenyang, Liaoning Province Cultural Road, No. 72, Shenhe Patentee before: Shenyang Application Ecelogy Inst., Chinese Academy of Sciences |