CN1293024C - Method for controlling nitrogen loss in procedure of making artificial manure, and dedicated fixing agent - Google Patents
Method for controlling nitrogen loss in procedure of making artificial manure, and dedicated fixing agent Download PDFInfo
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- CN1293024C CN1293024C CNB2004100311261A CN200410031126A CN1293024C CN 1293024 C CN1293024 C CN 1293024C CN B2004100311261 A CNB2004100311261 A CN B2004100311261A CN 200410031126 A CN200410031126 A CN 200410031126A CN 1293024 C CN1293024 C CN 1293024C
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- Prior art keywords
- fixing agent
- composting
- nitrogen loss
- ammonia
- spray
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a method for controlling nitrogen loss in a composting process and a fixing agent exclusively used for the method. The fixing agent is basically composed of the following substances of 2.5 to 2.8 weight parts of magnesium hydroxide or magnesium oxide, 8 to 22 weight parts of phosphoric acid, and 75 to 90 parts of water. The method for controlling the nitrogen loss is that the fixing agent controlling the nitrogen loss is mixed or / and sprayed in the composting process. The organic-inorganic mixed fertilizer composed of composed organic fertilizer and MgNH4 PO4 inorganic fertilizer is finally obtained according to the original-position controlling method of the present invention and is helpful for crop absorption.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method and the dedicated fixed agent thereof of control nitrogen loss in a kind of organic solid castoff composting process, particularly relate to the in-situ control method and the dedicated fixed agent thereof of control nitrogen loss in a kind of organic solid castoff composting process.
Background technology
The rapid emergence of intensification livestock and poultry breeding industry makes feces of livestock and poultry pollute sharply development, becomes the outstanding problem of environmental pollution.During High-Temperature Composting is the important innoxious and resource utilization approach that feces of livestock and poultry is converted into the high-quality fertilizer.The present situation of ubiquity nitrogen loss in During High-Temperature Composting, contaminate environment not only, and reduced nutrient content in the fertilizer, carry out nitrogen loss and be controlled to for key issue, the temperature rise period of During High-Temperature Composting and hot stage are the main period of nitrogen loss, and the loss approach mainly is NH
3Volatilization.In the general livestock excrement composting process, the nitrogen loss luffing can reach 10%-50%.C/N is lower than more, and nitrogen loss is big more.
At present, main to nitrogen loss control: as 1, add the loss that inoculating microbe reduces nitrogen, but this method need to be cultivated special microbial population, and need to control suitable temperature, ambient conditionss such as carbon-nitrogen ratio in the interpolation process by following several method.2, add physical absorbent control nitrogen loss, this method is divided two classes, and a kind of is to adopt ammonia is formed special adsorption unit absorption discharge gas by adsorbing material, needs the desorption process complexity after reaching capacity, and cost is higher; Another kind is to add in the compost as stalk, straw etc., reaches the purpose that reduces nitrogen loss by the C/N that improves compost material.3, add chemical additive control nitrogen loss, this method is divided two classes, the one, by the oxidation of oxygenant, ammonium nitrogen is converted into nitric nitrogen to be fixed, this class chemical substance has potassium permanganate, hypochlorite etc., reduce the ammonia volatilization by changing nitrogen form, but its resultant is more difficult by crop utilization with respect to ammonia nitrogen; The 2nd, by the neutralization reaction of neutralizing agent, this class chemical substance has calcium superphosphate, ferrous sulfate, dilute sulphuric acid etc., directly the ammonia that the produces form with ammonium salt is fixed up, and its resultant is applied to the nutrient source that can be used as crop in the soil by conversion.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide in-situ control method and the dedicated fixed agent thereof that effectively to control nitrogen loss in a kind of organic solid castoff composting process.
The fixing agent of control nitrogen loss is become by the mixed raw material of following portions by weight ratio: magnesium hydroxide or magnesium oxide 2.5-2.8, phosphoric acid 8-22, water 75-90 in a kind of composting process provided by the present invention.
Described fixing agent prepares as follows: magnesium hydroxide or magnesium oxide are mixed with water, slowly pour phosphoric acid then under agitation condition, obtain a kind of granular milk sap of being with.This milk sap is to contain MgHPO
4, Mg (H
2PO
4)
2And Mg
3(PO
4)
2Mixture.
The in-situ control method of control nitrogen loss in the composting process provided by the present invention, be in composting process blending or/and the fixing agent of spray control nitrogen loss, described fixing agent is mixed by following substances in parts by weight basically and forms: magnesium hydroxide or magnesium oxide 2.5-2.8, phosphoric acid 8-22, water 75-90; The ratio of weight and number of described fixing agent and compost material is 2-15: 100.
Above-mentioned in composting process the fixing agent of blending and spray control nitrogen loss two kinds of methods of application are arranged, a kind of situation is that blending and spray are disposable employed, the 50-75% of required fixing agent when mixing, compost material is added, stir, the rest part compost begins disposable the spray on the compost material surface; Another situation is that blending and spray are used one by one, and selected blending fixing agent is added when compost material mixes, stirs, along with the carrying out of composting divided selected spray fixing agent when piling body and keep the skin wet and spray for 1-3 time; The amount of described blending fixing agent and the ratio of weight and number of compost material are 4.4-5: 100, and the amount of described spray fixing agent and the ratio of weight and number of compost material are 7.8-10.2: 100.
Be unfavorable for that fixing agent absorbs ammonia nitrogen because the more pH of organic acid that compost initial stage heap body produces is low, it is high for well therefore to be mixed to join in the fixing agent in the compost material magnesium hydroxide ratio.Entering the pliotherm period will be the peak period of nitrogen with the loss of ammonia nitrogen form, not only self fixed effect is better to arrive before the pliotherm period fixing agent that the heap body is carried out adding when moisture is regulated the phosphoric acid large percentage, can contact generation emulsus particle increase crystallized ability simultaneously with early stage magnesium hydroxide.The operation of producing along with compost after the pliotherm period continues suitable spray fixing agent in the heap body, and the proportioning of concrete fixing agent and straying quatity can decide according to the amount of ammonia nitrogen loss, and each fixing agent addition is the 2-10% of compost material weight.
According to in-situ control method of the present invention, that finally obtain is the fertilizer and the MgNH of composting
4PO
4The compound organic and inorganic fertilizer that inorganic fertilizer is formed.
The present invention is used for organic solid castoff composting process with fixing agent, with the NH of solid windrow fermenting process generation
4 +Generate a kind of MgNH
4PO
4Mineral manure, the ammonia nitrogen fixed rate reaches more than 85%.This MgNH
4PO
4Mineral manure mixes the generation compound organic and inorganic fertilizer naturally with composting production in the composting process; simultaneously because inorganic phosphorus is joined in the organic fertilizer; the organic acid that produces in the composting process comprises that humic acid etc. can protect inorganic phosphorus not by soil fixing effectively; thereby can significantly improve its utilization ratio, help the growth of crop.
The present invention's row simple to operate, easy has not only reduced the stink that causes because of the ammonia nitrogen volatilization, and has increased the fertilizer efficiency of composting production, finally generates a kind of MgNH of containing
4PO
4Compound organic and inorganic fertilizer, be beneficial to crop and absorb.
Embodiment
In following examples, unless otherwise indicated, all umbers and per-cent are all by weight.
Embodiment 1, different fixing agent prescriptions discharge the influence of ammonia to the heap body
The test material is the chicken manure that become thoroughly decomposed and the crushed material of wheat straw compost, adds food grade bicarbonate of ammonia in the test as the ammonia source, and its decomposition temperature is about 55 ℃, and test was heated two hours for 65 ℃ with water-bath, with 2% boric acid as the ammonia absorption liquid.Test-results is as shown in table 1, and from the simulation composting test data of table 1 as can be seen, different fixing agent prescriptions fixedly has different effects to what the heap body discharged ammonia in composting process.
The fixed effect of the fixing agent prescription that table 1 is different
The fixing agent ratio | Dosage (fixing agent/material) % | Ammonia nitrogen specific absorption (%) | ||
Magnesium hydroxide (%) | Phosphoric acid (%) | Water (%) | ||
2.6 | 17.7 | 79.7 | 4.4 | 97.0 |
8.8 | 98.0 | |||
13.2 | 98.1 | |||
17.8 | 97.4 | |||
22.0 | 98.1 | |||
2.7 | 13.5 | 83.8 | 3.4 | 84.6 |
6.9 | 86.1 | |||
10.3 | 88.3 | |||
13.7 | 91.3 | |||
17.2 | 93.2 | |||
2.7 | 9.2 | 88.1 | 2.5 | 73.1 |
5.0 | 79.8 | |||
7.4 | 81.0 | |||
10.0 | 80.5 | |||
12.4 | 83.3 |
Embodiment 2, utilize fixing agent of the present invention to carry out compost
Adopt pig manure and stalk as the composting material, pig manure C/N=11.58 wherein, stalk C/N=70.31, the weight ratio of pig manure and stalk is 2.95: 1, and mixture C/N=19.79 regulates moisture to 65%, material gross weight (do not contain and regulate moisture) 22.5kg, composting adopts the airtight composting device of forced ventilation, is contrast with the unguyed same material of deciding agent, measures the tail gas ammonia-nitrogen content.Add the fixing agent of material gross weight 5.0% during the composting mixing of materials, fixing agent consists of: magnesium hydroxide 2.7%, phosphatase 79 .2%, water 88.1%.The 3rd day fixing agent to heap surface spray material gross weight 4.4% of composting, fixing agent consists of: magnesium hydroxide 2.6%, phosphatase 11 7.7%, water 79.7%.The 17th day fixing agent to heap surface spray material gross weight 3.4% of composting, fixing agent consists of: magnesium hydroxide 2.7%, phosphatase 11 3.5%, water 83.8%.Composting was carried out 31 days.Control group heap body discharged ammonia 13.33 grams in 0-3 days, discharged ammonia 71.66 grams in 4-17 days, discharged ammonia 33.86 grams in 18-31 days, and it is 118.85 grams that ammonia discharges total amount.The experimental group heap body that adds fixing agent discharged ammonia 2.5 grams in 0-3 days, discharged ammonia 2.37 grams in 4-17 days, discharged ammonia 3.65 grams in 18-31 days, and it is 8.52 grams that ammonia discharges total amount.The ammonia nitrogen fixed rate is near 92.8%.The content of unguyed control group (dry weight) phosphorus of deciding agent is raised to 0.6147% from 0.4095%, and the content that adds experimental group (dry weight) phosphorus of fixing agent is 2.2013%.
Embodiment 3, utilize fixing agent of the present invention to carry out compost
Adopt cow dung and stalk as the composting material, cow dung C/N=24.52 wherein, stalk C/N=70.31,, the weight ratio of cow dung and stalk is 14.6: 1, mixture C/N=29.45, its moisture content is 76.64%, material gross weight 31.2kg, and composting adopts the airtight composting device of forced ventilation, with the unguyed same material of deciding agent is contrast, measures the tail gas ammonia-nitrogen content.The fixing agent that adds material gross weight 5.0% during the composting mixing of materials, the consisting of of fixing agent: magnesium hydroxide (by the mol ratio preparation of magnesium oxide and water) 2.7%, phosphatase 79 .2%, water 88.1% by 1: 1.The 3rd day fixing agent to heap surface spray material gross weight 8.8% of composting, fixing agent consists of: magnesium hydroxide 2.6%, phosphatase 11 7.7%, water 79.7%.Composting was carried out 31 days.Control group heap body discharged ammonia 14.74 grams in 0-3 days, discharged ammonia 35.49 grams in 4-17 days, discharged ammonia 24.02 grams in 18-31 days, and it is 74.25 grams that ammonia discharges total amount.The experimental group heap body that adds fixing agent discharged ammonia 2.64 grams in 0-3 days, discharged ammonia 1.30 grams in 4-17 days, discharged ammonia 3.53 grams in 18-31 days, and it is 7.47 grams that ammonia discharges total amount.The ammonia nitrogen fixed rate is near 89.9%.The content of unguyed control group (dry weight) phosphorus of deciding agent is raised to 0.6164% from 0.4117%, and the content that adds experimental group (dry weight) phosphorus of fixing agent is 7.0641%.
Embodiment 4, utilize fixing agent of the present invention to carry out compost
Adopt mud and stalk as the composting material, mud C/N=5.46 wherein, stalk C/N=70.31, the weight ratio of mud and stalk is 1: 1, mixture C/N=29.85, its moisture content is 65% material gross weight (do not contain and regulate moisture) 10.0kg, composting adopts the airtight composting device of forced ventilation, with the unguyed same material of deciding agent is contrast, measures the tail gas ammonia-nitrogen content.The fixing agent of preparation material gross weight 13.2%, fixing agent consists of: magnesium hydroxide 2.6%, phosphatase 11 7.7%, water 79.7%.The fixing agent that adds material gross weight 8% when the composting mixing of materials, with the material mixing, the fixing agent of rest materials gross weight 5.2% sprays the heap surface.Composting was carried out 31 days.Control group heap body discharged ammonia 6.0 grams in 0-3 days, discharged ammonia 15.40 grams in 4-17 days, discharged ammonia 12.78 grams in 18-31 days, and it is 34.18 grams that ammonia discharges total amount.The experimental group heap body that adds fixing agent discharged ammonia 0.2 gram in 0-3 days, discharged ammonia 1.25 grams in 4-17 days, discharged ammonia 2.78 grams in 18-31 days, and it is 4.23 grams that ammonia discharges total amount.The ammonia nitrogen fixed rate is near 87.6%.The content of unguyed control group (dry weight) phosphorus of deciding agent is raised to 0.3221% from 0.2153%, and the content that adds experimental group (dry weight) phosphorus of fixing agent is 2.4487%.
Embodiment 5: utilize fixing agent of the present invention to carry out compost
Adopt chicken manure and stalk as the composting material, chicken manure C/N=13.71 wherein, stalk C/N=70.31, the weight ratio of chicken manure and stalk is 2.32: 1, its moisture content 65% material gross weight (do not contain and regulate moisture) 11.95kg, composting adopts the airtight composting device of forced ventilation, is contrast with the unguyed same material of deciding agent, measures the tail gas ammonia-nitrogen content.Add the fixing agent of material gross weight 4.4% during the composting mixing of materials, fixing agent consists of: magnesium hydroxide 2.6%, phosphatase 11 7.7%, water 79.7%.After this at the fixing agent that respectively the heap body was sprayed material gross weight 3.4% on the the 10th, 17,24 day of composting, institute adds fixing agent and consists of: magnesium hydroxide 2.7%, phosphatase 11 3.5%, water 83.8%.Composting was carried out 31 days.Control group heap body discharged ammonia 12.19 grams in 0-3 days, discharged ammonia 35.55 grams in 4-17 days, discharged ammonia 12.13 grams in 18-31 days, and it is 59.87 grams that ammonia discharges total amount.The experimental group heap body that adds fixing agent discharged ammonia 0.26 gram in 0-3 days, discharged ammonia 1.47 grams in 4-17 days, discharged ammonia 1.55 grams in 18-31 days, and it is 3.28 grams that ammonia discharges total amount.The ammonia nitrogen fixed rate is near 94.5%.The content of unguyed control group (dry weight) phosphorus of deciding agent is raised to 0.9303% from 0.6194%, and the content that adds experimental group (dry weight) phosphorus of fixing agent is 2.5911%.
Claims (4)
1, the fixing agent of control nitrogen loss in a kind of composting process is become by the mixed raw material of following portions by weight ratio: magnesium hydroxide or magnesium oxide 2.5-2.8, phosphoric acid 8-22, water 75-90.
2, the in-situ control method of control nitrogen loss in a kind of composting process, be in composting process blending or/and the fixing agent of spray control nitrogen loss, described fixing agent is become by the mixed raw material of following portions by weight ratio: magnesium hydroxide or magnesium oxide 2.5-2.8, phosphoric acid 8-22, water 75-90; The ratio of weight and number of described fixing agent and compost material is 2-15: 100.
3, in-situ control method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described blending and the fixing agent that sprays the control nitrogen loss in composting process, be that 50-75% with required fixing agent adds when compost material mixes, stir, rest part is disposable to spray on the compost material surface.
4, in-situ control method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described blending and the fixing agent that sprays the control nitrogen loss in composting process, be that selected blending fixing agent is added when compost material mixes, stir, along with the carrying out of composting divided selected spray fixing agent when the heap body keeps the skin wet and spray for 1-3 time; The amount of described blending fixing agent and the ratio of weight and number of compost material are 4.4-5: 100, and the amount of described spray fixing agent and the ratio of weight and number of compost material are 7.8-10.2: 100.
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CN102030587B (en) * | 2010-10-19 | 2013-06-12 | 中国农业大学 | Method and fixative for controlling nitrogen loss in composting process |
CN102557768B (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2014-03-26 | 河南工业大学 | Circularly-deodorizing granulated conditioner and application thereof in sludge compost |
CN103224424B (en) * | 2013-04-12 | 2014-05-07 | 湖北三得利肥业有限公司 | Sustained and controlled release composite fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
CN107285824A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2017-10-24 | 香港浸会大学 | The compost method of nitrogen loss in a kind of reduction organic waste |
CN107382395A (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2017-11-24 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of superhigh temperature compost method for handling vegetable castoff |
CN110357375A (en) * | 2019-08-08 | 2019-10-22 | 广州市净水有限公司 | A kind of biologic deodorization method in sludge dewatering workshop |
CN111517834A (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2020-08-11 | 四川省畜牧科学研究院 | Preparation method of rabbit manure organic fertilizer |
CN113620755B (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2022-04-22 | 南京大学 | Composition for promoting ammonia nitrogen removal of soil in rare earth mining area and application method thereof |
CN114195577A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-18 | 福建省农业科学院农业生态研究所 | Method for safely composting and returning solanaceous straws to field |
CN114436715A (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2022-05-06 | 成都环美园林生态股份有限公司 | Landscape plant waste composting method |
CN117362125A (en) * | 2023-10-27 | 2024-01-09 | 中国地质调查局昆明自然资源综合调查中心 | Organic fertilizer special for mangoes in karst areas and preparation method |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1141903A (en) * | 1995-04-06 | 1997-02-05 | 日本重化学工业株式会社 | Organic matter fermentation promotor and production method thereof |
CN1039308C (en) * | 1992-06-16 | 1998-07-29 | 文登市土壤肥料工作站 | Compost decay accelerator |
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2004
- 2004-04-12 CN CNB2004100311261A patent/CN1293024C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1039308C (en) * | 1992-06-16 | 1998-07-29 | 文登市土壤肥料工作站 | Compost decay accelerator |
CN1141903A (en) * | 1995-04-06 | 1997-02-05 | 日本重化学工业株式会社 | Organic matter fermentation promotor and production method thereof |
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