CN102030587B - Method and fixative for controlling nitrogen loss in composting process - Google Patents
Method and fixative for controlling nitrogen loss in composting process Download PDFInfo
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- CN102030587B CN102030587B CN2010105198326A CN201010519832A CN102030587B CN 102030587 B CN102030587 B CN 102030587B CN 2010105198326 A CN2010105198326 A CN 2010105198326A CN 201010519832 A CN201010519832 A CN 201010519832A CN 102030587 B CN102030587 B CN 102030587B
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- phosphoric acid
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- calcium hydroxide
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a fixative for controlling nitrogen loss in the composting process. The fixative for fixing nitrogen is a mixture of calcium hydroxide and phosphoric acid water solution. The proportioning of calcium hydroxide and phosphoric acid satisfies the following condition: the mixture is clear without precipitation. In the method, the fixative is put to composting materials to control the nitrogen loss. The method is simple to operate and practical; and the method and the fixative are used to effectively control the nitrogen loss in the composting process, and have favorable economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to control in composting process method and the fixing agent of nitrogen loss.
Background technology
The rapid emergence of intensive livestock and poultry breeding industry makes feces of livestock and poultry pollute sharply development, becomes the outstanding problem of environmental pollution.During High-Temperature Composting is the important innoxious and resource utilization approach of high-quality fertilizer that feces of livestock and poultry is converted into.The present situation of ubiquity nitrogen loss in During High-Temperature Composting, contaminate environment not only, and reduced nutrient content in fertilizer, carry out nitrogen loss and be controlled to for key issue, the temperature rise period of During High-Temperature Composting and hot stage are the main period of nitrogen loss, and loss access is mainly NH
3Volatilization.In general livestock excrement composting process, the nitrogen loss luffing can reach 10%-50%.C/N is than lower, and nitrogen loss is larger.
At present, nitrogen loss is controlled mainly by following several method: 1, add physical absorbent and control nitrogen loss, this method is divided two classes, a kind of is to adopt ammonia is formed special adsorption unit absorption Exhaust Gas by adsorbing material, need desorption process complicated after reaching capacity, cost is higher; Another kind is to add in compost as stalk, straw etc., reaches the purpose that reduces nitrogen loss by the C/N that improves compost material.2, add chemical additive and control nitrogen loss, this method is divided two classes, the one, by the oxidation of oxygenant, ammonium nitrogen is converted into nitric nitrogen to be fixed, this class chemical substance has potassium permanganate, hypochlorite etc., reduce the ammonia volatilization by changing nitrogen form, but its resultant is more difficult by crop utilization with respect to ammonia nitrogen; The 2nd, by the neutralization reaction of neutralizing agent, this class chemical substance has calcium superphosphate, ferrous sulfate, dilute sulphuric acid etc., directly the ammonia that the produces form with ammonium salt is fixed up, and its resultant is applied to the nutrient source that can be used as crop in soil by conversion.3, add the mixing fixing agent and reduce nitrogen loss.At present, magnesium hydroxide-phosphoric acid fixing agent is one of mixing fixing agent that uses in the aerobic composting process, but because the price of magnesium hydroxide is higher, the large scale investment Composting Process can increase cost, and feasibility remains to be discussed.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of fixing agent of fixed nitrogen.
The fixing agent of fixed nitrogen provided by the present invention is that calcium hydroxide and phosphate aqueous solution are mixed, and the mixture that obtains is fixing agent; The proportioning of described calcium hydroxide and phosphoric acid satisfies following condition: makes not produce precipitation in mixture, and the mixture clarification.
The mol ratio of described calcium hydroxide and phosphoric acid is 1: 2.8-1: 3, be specially 1: 2.8 or 1: 3.
The mass percent concentration of described phosphate aqueous solution is 85%.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of control nitrogen loss in composting process method.
Control the method for nitrogen loss in composting process provided by the present invention, comprise the steps: to throw in described fixing agent in compost material, then carry out compost.
Described fixing agent is to throw according to following ratio: described fixing agent and NH
3Mass ratio be: 0.22: 1-0.26: 1, be specially 0.22: 1,0.24: 1 or 0.26: 1; Described NH
3The quality of middle nitrogen equates with the quality of nitrogen in described compost material.
Another purpose of the present invention is to provide the application in fixed nitrogen in composting process of described fixing agent.
The method of controlling nitrogen loss in composting process provided by the present invention is simple to operate, easy row, and the method and fixing agent used can effectively be controlled nitrogen loss in composting process, have simultaneously good economic benefit.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the throw out quality change figure under different fixing agent injected volumes.
Fig. 2 is simulation composting test device schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 changes for the full nitrogen in the simulation composting test.
Embodiment
The experimental technique that uses in following embodiment is ordinary method if no special instructions.
In following embodiment, material used, reagent etc., if no special instructions, all can obtain from commercial channels.
Embodiment 1, fixing agent are prepared than testing with dosage
1, the compound method of fixing agent
Calcium hydroxide (analytical pure) is mixed with phosphate aqueous solution (mass percent) difference 1: 2 in molar ratio, 1: 2.5,1: 2.8 and 1: 3 four kinds of ratio of 85%, method is: slowly add phosphoric acid in calcium hydroxide, the observing response phenomenon, take the ratio that do not generate precipitation as optimum proportion, thereby the optimum mixture ratio of tentatively determining calcium hydroxide-phosphoric acid fixing agent is 1: 2.8 and 1: 3 (experimental phenomena sees Table 1).
Table 1 fixing agent optimum mixture ratio experimental phenomena
The ratio of mixture phenomenon
Generate white precipitate at 1: 2
Do not generate white precipitate at 1: 2.5, but solution is cloudy state
Solution was almost clarified in 1: 2.8, but the bottom has a small amount of solute insoluble, all dissolvings after placement for some time
Solution clarification in 1: 3
2, the dosage of fixing agent test
Ammoniacal liquor at 100g massfraction 25% (contains NH
325g), add respectively the calcium hydroxide of different mass-phosphoric acid mixing fixing agent 2,4,6,8,10g (in fixing agent, the mol ratio of calcium hydroxide and phosphoric acid is 1: 3), stir with glass stick, question response is complete, filters, dries, weighing throw out quality determines that this fixing agent can absorb fix N H
3Maximum, thereby the best injected volume of having determined fixing agent is 6g (fixing agent)/25g (NH
3), i.e. 0.24g (fixing agent)/g (NH
3) (table 2 and Fig. 1).Because fixing agent injected volume in this test design differs larger, so above-mentioned best injected volume should be at 0.24g (fixing agent)/g (NH
3) left and right, in order further to probe into best injected volume, in the simulation composting test, establish respectively 0.22g (fixing agent)/g (NH
3), 0.24g (fixing agent)/g (NH
3), 0.26g (fixing agent)/g (NH
3) three kinds of injected volumes.
The best injected volume testing data of table 2 fixing agent
Add the test of fixing agent fixed nitrogen in embodiment 2, simulation compost
1, add the fixed nitrogen test of fixing agent in the simulation compost
Take respectively pig manure 206.68g, turfgrass 43.32g, compost material is 250g altogether, total organic carbon and the total nitrogen content of each compost material are as shown in table 3, the C/N value of compost material is about 20/1, nitrogen loss in compost material is calculated according to 50% of total nitrogen, needing the quality of the nitrogen fixed is 1.09g, is converted into NH
3Quality be 1.33g.Injected volume according to the definite fixing agent of embodiment 1: be respectively 0.22g (fixing agent)/g (NH
3) (corresponding to processing CA1 and CA4 in table 4), 0.24g (fixing agent)/g (NH
3) (corresponding to processing CA2 and CA5 in table 4), 0.26g (fixing agent)/g (NH
3) (corresponding to processing CA3 and CA6 in table 4) three kinds of injected volumes, being fixed the input of agent, concrete injected volume sees Table 4.Establish simultaneously that not add fixing agent be blank (CK), and establish interpolation magnesium hydroxide-phosphoric acid fixing agent (+Mg) compare.
The basic proterties of table 3 test materials (pig manure and grass)
the wide-necked bottle of sealing will be put into after 250g compost material and fixing agent mixing, and material moisture is adjusted to 60% left and right, the rubber gag that thermometer is housed is put in water-bath to wide-necked bottle, connect respectively inlet mouth and air outlet sebific duct, conduit access atmosphere in wide-necked bottle, as inlet mouth, another root access absorption unit, absorption liquid is 2% boric acid solution (testing apparatus as shown in Figure 2), test period is 10 days, (30 ℃ of simulation compost temperature raising periods, 1d), (60 ℃ of pliotherm periods, 7d) and (20～40 ℃ of cooldown periods, 2d), respectively 0, 3, 6, 8, the 10d sampling, sample is used for measuring the content of the full nitrogen of compost.
Table 4 simulation composting test Treatment Design
*The ratio of mixture of magnesium hydroxide-phosphoric acid fixing agent and injected volume are with reference to " the effect research of guarantor's nitrogen and the Economic and Efficiency Analysis thereof in the simulation compost of magnesium hydroxide and phosphoric acid mixed additive "
2, full nitrogen determination in compost
After the compost material sample that step 1 is obtained is thoroughly air-dry, pulverizes and crosses the 0.149mm sieve with the plant pulverizer, full nitrogen employing Kjeldahl nitrogen determination.
In compost, the changing conditions of full nitrogen is seen Fig. 3.As can be seen from Figure 3, along with the carrying out of composting process, the total nitrogen content of control treatment is obvious downtrending, when compost finishes, total nitrogen content has reduced 21.66% than initial value, and this is mainly due under the envrionment conditions of high temperature, high pH, and nitrogen causes with a large amount of losses of the form of ammonia.On the contrary, add each processing of fixing agent, its total nitrogen content sharply rises, when finishing, compost reaches maximum, wherein especially with CA1, CA4 ,+ascendant trend of Mg is the most obvious, the whole content of full nitrogen is 3.45%, 3.46%, 3.47%, has increased by 58.99%, 59.45%, 59.90% than initial value respectively, exceeds 102.94%, 103.53%, 104.12% than control value.
3, Economic and Efficiency Analysis
In actual production, obtain good benefit, just not only to select good fixing agent, also to consider to drop into the economic benefit that produces after fixing agent.For this reason, analyzed to add and mixed the nutrient that increases after fixing agent and the benefit of generation, the price of fixing agent and fertilizer is as the criterion with the market value of present technical grade product, and the ratio and the injected volume that mix fixing agent see Table 5, and performance analysis sees Table 6.
Ratio of mixture and the injected volume of table 5 calcium hydroxide-phosphoric acid and magnesium hydroxide-phosphoric acid fixing agent
The performance analysis of table 6 calcium hydroxide-phosphoric acid and magnesium hydroxide-phosphoric acid fixing agent
*
*Cost and when producing value calculation price press magnesium hydroxide (4500 yuan/t), calcium hydroxide (1200 yuan/t), phosphoric acid (8000 yuan/t), urea (1700 yuan/t), calcium superphosphate (800 yuan/t) (pricing information is from http://www.007swz.cn/);
*In table, nutrient generation value is that nitrogen is converted to the urea gained, with P
2O
5Be converted to the calcium superphosphate gained;
* *Net price value=increase nutrient produces value-fixing agent cost.
As known from Table 6, in the simulation composting test, add the compost of calcium hydroxide-phosphoric acid fixing agent and magnesium hydroxide-phosphoric acid fixing agent, its nutrient produces and is worth all greater than the fixing agent input cost, can produce positive economic benefit, has feasibility in actual production.
Associative list 6 is analyzed as can be known, although in this test, two kinds of economic benefits of mixing fixing agent are all very remarkable, benefit varies in size.The fixing agent input cost of CA4 is lower than+Mg, though the value that its nutrient produces a little less than+Mg, but its net price value is 27.402 yuan of t
-1Compost is higher than 25.426 yuan of t of+Mg economic benefit
-1Compost, net added value ratio+Mg of CA4 approximately exceeds 7.2%, and the visible economic benefit of CA4 in compost is more obvious.
Claims (7)
1. the fixing agent of a fixed nitrogen, be that calcium hydroxide and phosphate aqueous solution are mixed, and the mixture that obtains is fixing agent; The mol ratio of described calcium hydroxide and phosphoric acid is 1:2.8-1:3.
2. fixing agent according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the mol ratio of described calcium hydroxide and phosphoric acid is 1:2.8 or 1:3.
3. fixing agent according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the mass percent concentration of described phosphate aqueous solution is 85%.
4. control the method for nitrogen loss in a composting process, comprise the steps: to throw in arbitrary described fixing agent in claim 1-3 in compost material, then carry out compost.
5. method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described fixing agent is to throw according to following ratio: described fixing agent and NH
3Mass ratio be: 0.22:1-0.26:1, described NH
3The quality of middle nitrogen equates with the quality of nitrogen in described compost material.
6. method according to claim 5 is characterized in that: described fixing agent is to throw according to following ratio: described fixing agent and NH
3Mass ratio be: 0.22:1,0.24:1 or 0.26:1.
7. arbitrary described fixing agent application in fixed nitrogen in composting process in claim 1-3.
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| CN102557768B (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2014-03-26 | 河南工业大学 | Circularly-deodorizing granulated conditioner and application thereof in sludge compost |
| CN105311951B (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2017-10-20 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of paddy soil and matured compost mixed type methane biofilter material |
| CN107285824A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2017-10-24 | 香港浸会大学 | The compost method of nitrogen loss in a kind of reduction organic waste |
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| CN101628830B (en) * | 2009-08-24 | 2013-04-10 | 广东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Method for reducing nitrogen loss during composting process |
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