CN102992831B - Laying hen excrement composting method capable of reducing compost raw material ammonia production amount - Google Patents
Laying hen excrement composting method capable of reducing compost raw material ammonia production amount Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laying hen excrement composting method capable of reducing compost raw material ammonia production amount. The method comprises the following steps of: taking straw; cutting the straw into sections of 2-3 meters; mixing the laying hen excrement with rice bran and the straw sections according to a mass ratio of 28: 9: 1 to ensure that the initial water content of the compost raw material is 55-65 percent; composting for 30 days to finish a composting process to obtain fertilizers; and turning over the compost on 3rd, 7th, 11th, 15th, 19th and 25th days from the beginning of compositing. By the laying hen excrement composting method, the straw is added into the laying hen excrement-rice bran compost, so that the ammonia volatilization peak value is lowered, the volatilization time of the ammonia is shortened, and the ammonia production amount is reduced; the straw is added to promote the decomposition and utilization of soluble carbon, boost the temperature rise of the compost, improve the temperature of the compost, and relatively shortens the ripening time of the compost. The method is easy to operate, wide in sources of the raw materials, low in cost and high in practical value; the nitrogen loss is 8 percent; and the nitrogen loss of the conventional laying hen composting method is up to 23-65 percent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of livestock excrement composting method, be specifically related to a kind of layer manure compost method that can reduce composting material ammonia growing amount.
Background technology
Chicken manure water ratio is high, nitrogen content is high, has not both had a strong impact on the development of laying hen field through the words of effectively processing or fully utilizing, and again plant's periphery ecotope and public health is constituted a threat to, and also causes the waste of resource.
At present, Chinese commodity, for approximately 1,500,000,000 of laying hen livestock on hands, is 0.100kg(Chen Wei etc. according to average every livestock on hand chicken daily output excrement amount, 2009), only calculating with laying hen quantity, China laying hen present stage, growing amount chicken manure year reaches 4,380 ten thousand tons.Visible, effectively processing layer manure has become the current vital task of laying hen industry.Aerobic compost is the most frequently used effective measure (Wang Yan etc., 2006) that realize the innoxious and resource utilization of feces of livestock and poultry.
The carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) of layer manure is lower, be only that 7.60 ~ 9.10(Li Ji enters etc., 2004), pure layer manure compost, C/N is low, moisture is too high, heap body porosity is low, can not meet aerobic microbiological demand, and nitrogen is serious with the form loss of ammonia, so must add carbon source auxiliary material (in peace, 2009) in compost.
In the prior art, auxiliary material and layer manure proportioning mainly consider to regulate windrow initial aqueous rate, and on material C/N and Reactor structure etc. affect compost process factor consider less.Owing to lacking scientific guidance aspect ratio of adjuvant, there is long, the problem such as finished product water ratio is high, nitrogen loss is serious of compost time in China's layer manure compost.
He Qi etc. (2005) utilize chicken manure and wheat stalk to carry out the test of natural ventilation static compost, and low C/N reaches 58.7% and 60.2% than group (12.4,17.4) nitrogen loss, and the loss of high C/N group (31.2,35.2) also has 23.3% and 37.7%.
Wang Shunli etc. (2008) research chicken manure slot type is dynamically piled fertilizer nutrient and is changed, and finds that in composting process, nitrogen accumulating losses rate reaches 30% and 40%.
Wei Zong waits by force (2011) under natural condition, chicken manure to be carried out to aerobic compost in the open, and research shows, during compost, only accounts for 3-6 ‰ by the nitrogen of runoff loss, and accounts for 35-65% with ammonia volatilization loss.
Sims etc. (1988), to studying without the poultry manure Natural compost of any guarantor's nitrogen measure, find that ammonia nitrogen rate of loss is up to 46%, and ammonia nitrogen volatilization produces a large amount of bad smells, has a strong impact on dung yard staff's health.
Mahimairaja etc. (1994) study conversion and the loss of ammonia nitrogen in poultry manure compost, show that in various poultry manures, organonitrogen content is all very high, in the time that the rate of loss of ammonia nitrogen exceedes 40%, the phase of becoming thoroughly decomposed extends one times of time, and ammonia volatilization can be corroded composting arrangement, reduces service life of equipment.
In order to adapt to the development trend of mass-producing breeding layer chicken field ight soil processing; realize harmless treatment and the recycling of chicken manure; the loss that reduces nitrogen in layer manure composting treatment process is particularly important; and ammonia volatilization is an important channel of nitrogen loss, therefore the ammonia volatilization reducing in layer manure composting process has a very important role.
Summary of the invention
For overcome in existing layer manure compost method, exist because generating the problem of environmental pollution (generation stench) that causes of ammonia, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of simple to operate, economical and practical and can be in being specifically designed to of breeding layer chicken enterprise widespread use be reduced composting process the layer manure compost method that runs off of ammonia growing amount and nitrogen.
Object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The layer manure compost method that can reduce composting material ammonia growing amount, comprises the following steps:
Get straw, be cut into 2-3cm long; Laying hen excrement is mixed for 28:9:1 in mass ratio with rice bran, straw, and the initial aqueous rate of composting material is 55 ~ 65%, and compost completes composting process after 30 days, obtain fertilizer; After starting, compost within the 3rd, 7,11,15,19,25 days, wants turning.
In China's layer manure compost actual production take auxiliary materials such as rice bran, sawdust, straw as main.The voidage of rice bran is too small, is unfavorable for oxygen supply, has affected the activity of aerobic microbiological; Though and sawdust has suitable specific surface area and voidage, can wherein contain a large amount of difficult degradation Mierocrystalline celluloses, be difficult to be utilized by microorganism; Straw is easy to degraded, but its nutrient content is low, and usage quantity is large.Therefore utilize rice bran and the straw common auxiliary material as egg Chicken Manure Compost, not only can regulate the voidage of composting material, improve the content of oxygen in heap body, can also meet the needs of microorganism to carbon source, reduce the volatilization of ammonia.
In the aerobic composting process of chicken manure, because the C/N ratio of chicken manure is low, easily decomposed organic matter content is high, so in the initial period of compost treatment, because the fast decoupled of easy decomposed organic matter consumes a large amount of O
2, although breather is equipped with, after the rotten 3～4d of heap, along with the material such as rising and some organic acids of compost internal temperature decomposes gradually, cause pH to rise, thereby produce a large amount of ammonias.The tests such as (1999) such as Zhang Fusuo etc. (1995) and Xu Hong show, the oxygen that a turning provides is approach exhaustion in 30min, think it is static ventilate or turning oxygen supply is all difficult to meet the needs of microorganism to oxygen.Therefore, in composting process, the initial material proportion of compost can be by the impact of the Reactor structure such as porosity and porousness on heap body, and then affects the factor such as oxygen supply, heat maintenance of ventilating in composting process, affects the volatilization of ammonia.Unit weight can reflect the porosity of windrow and the complexity that air/oxygen is passed windrow indirectly, is the key factor that affects compost ventilation oxygen supply.The factor impact heap body unit weights such as material water ratio, particle diameter, piling height.The particle diameter of material is less, water ratio and piling height higher, unit weight is higher, heap body air permeability is just poorer.Directly affect the exchange of porosity and the oxygen of compost material therefore add the length of straw, and then can affect the volatilization of ammonia, so need select suitable straw to add length when compost.
Laying hen excrement through compost treatment becomes thoroughly decomposed completely, is destitute of smell.Organism in excrement has changed into organic matter, carbonic acid gas and water, and the harmful organism in ight soil is also killed.Because laying hen excrement contains abundant nutritive element, the data of issuing according to Food and Argriculture OrganizationFAO (FAO), laying hen argol is containing crude protein 25%, calcium 5%, phosphorus 2.1%, also contain 18 seed amino acids and a large amount of trace element and VITAMIN, therefore the chicken manure product after compost is good farmland fertilizer, can either improve the nutritive property of soil, can meet again the nutritional need of crop, thereby layer manure " is turned waste into wealth ", reach effective utilization of material.
The present invention has following advantage and effect with respect to prior art:
(1) the present invention adds straw and can reduce ammonia volatilization peak value in laying hen excrement-rice bran compost, shortens the ammonia volatilization time, reduces ammonia growing amount.
(2) the inventive method, in rice bran and layer manure compost, is added straw to promote decomposition and the utilization of water-soluble carbon, promotes compost to heat up, also improves heap temperature, has relatively shortened the compost maturity time.
(3) material straw that compost method of the present invention adopts has the features such as wide material sources, with low cost, consumption is few, and is good soil improvement agent.Therefore, in large-scale production, more feasible by adding straw minimizing egg Composting of Chicken Manure ammonia volatilization loss, be worth being easy to area in straw source and promote.
(4) method of the present invention is simple to operate, raw material sources are extensive, with low cost, practical value is high, and nitrogen loss is 8%, and the nitrogen loss rate of existing Chicken Manure Compost method is up to 23 ~ 65%.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the ammonia volatilization intensity map of embodiment and comparative example material in composting process.
Fig. 2 is the change curve of embodiment and comparative example water-soluble carbon content of material in composting process.
Fig. 3 is the change curve of embodiment and comparative example content of oxygen in composting process.
Fig. 4 is the change curve of embodiment and comparative example unit weight of material in composting process.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.
The main component of the composting material adopting in following examples and comparative example 2 is in table 1:
The main component of table 1 composting material
Embodiment
The layer manure compost method that can reduce composting material ammonia growing amount, comprises the following steps:
(1) straw is cut into 2-3cm length, for subsequent use;
(2) 224kg laying hen excrement (layer manure that adopts one product agriculturals company limited laying hen field, Heyuan Dongyuan County to produce) and 72kg rice bran (purchased from the riverhead one rice source mill of Jin Shi village, town of following the mandate of heaven), 8kg straw are mixed, three's mass ratio is 28:9:1, initial C/N ratio is 13.89, the initial aqueous rate of composting material is 60%, compost completes composting process after 30 days, obtain fertilizer; Within the 3rd, 7,11,15,19,25 days, want turning oxygen supply at composting process.
The long 1.0m in compost pond adopting, wide 1.0m, high 1.7m, front side is outwardly open, and compost is stamped ceiling outside pond, while starting compost, adds a cover plastics film for each group, and composting was removed after 1 week.
Compost material being sampled in the 0th, 3,7,11,15,19,25,30 days of composting process, choose 5,30cm place collected specimens under heap surface layer according to right-angled intersection method, after fully mixing, getting 200g sample 4.5mol/L sulfuric acid fixes, be kept at 4 ℃ of refrigerators, for the content of the full nitrogen of working sample, organonitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, nitric nitrogen, organic matter, water-soluble carbon, measurement result is in table 2.
The measurement result unit of table 2 compost material index of correlation: g/kg
Separately get 1 part, about 100g sample, for measuring water ratio, pH value, measurement result is in table 3.
The pH value of table 3 compost material and measurement of water-content coefficient value
In composting process, the mensuration of ammonia adopts nessler reagent colorimetry, before compost the 1st, 3,5,7,11,15,19,25,30d turning, gathers with air sampler.Absorption liquid is 0.005mol/L sulfuric acid, and volume is 50mL, and air sampler flow velocity is 2L/min, and the gas production time is 10min.In composting process, the volatilization intensity of ammonia is shown in Fig. 1.
In composting process, the mensuration of oxygen employing DR95C type high precision oxygen analyser is measured, and 8:30 and 15:30 in afternoon oxygen mensuration (Zhang Xiangyang etc., 2008) in 100mL injector for medical purpose extraction heap body, piled the variation of body oxygen content and saw Fig. 3 every morning.
Before compost the 1st, 3,5,7,11,15,19,25,30d turning, measure the unit weight of heap body with core cutter method, Fig. 4 is shown in the variation of heap body unit weight.
Comparative example 1
A kind of layer manure compost method, comprises the following steps:
By 225kg laying hen excrement (layer manure that adopts one product agriculturals company limited laying hen field, Heyuan Dongyuan County to produce) and 76kg rice bran (purchased from the riverhead one rice source mill of Jin Shi village, town of following the mandate of heaven) mix, initially C/N is 12.02, the initial aqueous rate of composting material is 60%, compost completes composting process after 30 days, obtain fertilizer; Within the 3rd, 7,11,15,19,25 days, want turning oxygen supply at composting process.
The long 1.0m in compost pond adopting, wide 1.0m, high 1.7m, front side is outwardly open, and compost is stamped ceiling outside pond, while starting compost, adds a cover plastics film for each group, and composting was removed after 1 week.
Compost material being sampled in the 0th, 3,7,11,15,19,25,30 days of composting process, choose 5,30cm place collected specimens under heap surface layer according to right-angled intersection method, after fully mixing, getting 200g sample 4.5mol/L sulfuric acid fixes, be kept at 4 ℃ of refrigerators, for the content of the full nitrogen of working sample, organonitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, nitric nitrogen, organic matter, water-soluble carbon, measurement result is in table 4.
Table 4 comparative example 1 compost material testing index content unit: g/kg
Separately get 1 part, about 100g sample, for measuring water ratio, pH value, measurement result is in table 5.
PH value and the water ratio of table 5 comparative example 1 compost material
In composting process, the mensuration of ammonia adopts nessler reagent colorimetry, before compost the 1st, 3,5,7,11,15,19,25,30d turning, gathers with air sampler.Absorption liquid is 0.005mol/L sulfuric acid, and volume is 50mL, and air sampler flow velocity is 2L/min, and the gas production time is 10min.In composting process, the volatilization intensity of ammonia is shown in Fig. 1.
In composting process, the mensuration of oxygen employing DR95C type high precision oxygen analyser is measured, and 8:30 and 15:30 in afternoon oxygen mensuration (Zhang Xiangyang etc., 2008) in 100mL injector for medical purpose extraction heap body, piled the change curve of body oxygen content and saw Fig. 3 every morning.
Before compost the 1st, 3,5,7,11,15,19,25,30d turning, measure the unit weight of heap body with core cutter method, Fig. 4 is shown in the variation of heap body unit weight.
Comparative example 2
Can reduce a layer manure compost method for composting material ammonia growing amount, its operation and all same embodiment of raw material consumption, difference is that straw consumption is 4kg; Laying hen excrement, rice bran, straw three's quality is 56:18:1, and the length of straw is cut into 2-3cm.Also same embodiment of the compost pond adopting and the method for sampling, in composting process, the measurement result of material index of correlation is in table 6, the pH value of material and measurement of water-content coefficient value are in table 7, composting process ammonia volatilization intensity is shown in Fig. 1, in composting process, the measurement result of the water-soluble carbon content of compost is shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3 is shown in the variation of oxygen content, and Fig. 4 is shown in the variation of heap body unit weight.
The measurement result unit of table 6 compost material index of correlation: g/kg
The pH value of table 7 compost material and measurement of water-content coefficient value
As shown in table 2,4,6, Analysis of variance shows, while end to compost, its ammonium nitrogen content of the compost of embodiment and comparative example 2 is significantly lower than comparative example 1(P < 0.05), the ammonia volatile quantity maximum of comparative example 1; Embodiment, comparative example 2 and comparative example 1 nitrate nitrogen content do not have significant difference (P > 0.05).This presentation of results interpolation straw can effectively reduce the volatilization of ammonia in compost.
While end to compost, when organonitrogen content is than beginning compost in the compost of embodiment, rise 31.1%, when organonitrogen content is respectively than beginning compost in the compost of comparative example 2 and comparative example 1, decline 23.0% and 23.8%, illustrated that the compost method of embodiment can significantly reduce the loss of material organonitrogen.
While end to compost, its organic content difference of the compost of embodiment, comparative example 2 and comparative example 1 is remarkable (P>0.05) not, but the organic content of embodiment and comparative example 2 is low compared with comparative example 1, illustrate that adding straw can promote the decomposition of microorganism to material organic matter, shortens the compost maturity time.
As shown in Figure 1, the volatilization of embodiment compost ammonia mainly occurs in front 9d, and volatilization peak just appears in 7d, is 928.04 ± 9.16mg/m
3, can't check ammonia to 17d.
Comparative example 1 compost ammonia volatilization mainly occurs in front 5d; Reaching climax at 3d, is 1620.95 ± 33.33mg/m
3, just fail to detect ammonia to 25d.
Comparative example 2 compost ammonia volatilizations are the variation tendency of continuous decrease, mainly concentrate on the front 7d of composting; It is 1435.24 ± 12.60mg/m that volatilization peak value appears at 1d
3, can't check ammonia to 19d.
Variance analysis shows, embodiment compost ammonia volatilization peak value is significantly lower than comparative example 1(P<0.05).Visible, method of the present invention can reduce ammonia volatilization peak value, shortens the volatilization time, reduces nitrogen growing amount, improves environment.
As shown in Figure 2, comparative example 1, comparative example 2(rice bran-4kg straw) the water-soluble carbon content of group compost is all at the 11-15d fast-descending of compost, the range of decrease reach respectively 52% and 68%, the 19-25d there is the 2nd fast-descending, the range of decrease is respectively 36% and 30%; Embodiment (rice bran-8kg straw) group compost is at 3-7d and 11-15d fast-descending, and the range of decrease is respectively 64% and 33%.Variance analysis shows, embodiment group is significantly lower than comparative example 1, comparative example 2(P<0.05), illustrate that the compost method of embodiment can promote decomposition and the utilization of microorganism to water-soluble carbon, shorten the compost maturity time.
As shown in Figure 3, the initial unit weight of compost of comparative example 1, comparative example 2 and embodiment be 0.65 ± 0.03,0.61 ± 0.02,0.54 ± 0.02g/cm
3, variance analysis shows, comparative example 1 and embodiment group difference remarkable (P<0.05), not remarkable (P>0.05) of difference between comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, comparative example 2 and embodiment 1.Illustrate in laying hen excrement and rice bran compost, add straw and can reduce compost unit weight, improve Reactor structure, wherein the method effect of embodiment is remarkable.Initial unit weight is 0.61g/cm
3and 0.54g/cm
3the ammonia volatilization peak value of group compost can reduce respectively 11.46% and 42.75%.
As shown in Figure 4, in compost early stage and mid-term, in the heap body of comparative example 1, comparative example 2 and embodiment, oxygen concentration is lower, about 3% fluctuation up and down, this stage compost is in temperature raising period and pliotherm period, and the organic substance in microbiological deterioration material, consumes oxygen in heap body fast.Comparative example 2, embodiment and comparative example 1 are respectively after compost 19d and 22d, and oxygen concentration rises to more than 5%, and the former oxygen concentration is relatively high.The severe degree of the content influence microbial activities of the easily biodegradable organics matter in compost material, and microbial activities degree can be from it demand to oxygen concentration and consumption reflect, add as seen straw and promoted the decomposition of compost material.
Above-described embodiment is preferably embodiment of the present invention; but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; other any do not deviate from change, the modification done under spirit of the present invention and principle, substitutes, combination, simplify; all should be equivalent substitute mode, within being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. the layer manure compost method that can reduce composting material ammonia growing amount, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Get straw, be cut into 2-3cm long; Laying hen excrement is mixed for 28:9:1 in mass ratio with rice bran, straw, and initial C/N ratio is 13.89, and the initial aqueous rate of composting material is 55 ~ 65%, and compost completes composting process after 30 days, obtain fertilizer; After starting, compost within the 3rd, 7,11,15,19,25 days, wants turning.
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| CN107586155A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-01-16 | 湖北省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 | A kind of new and effective Chicken Manure Compost method |
| RU2702768C1 (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-10-11 | Владимир Васильевич Слюсаренко | Method for processing poultry manure into organo-mineral fertilizer |
| CN110845272B (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2022-08-16 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Lignite compost product and application thereof in reducing emission of ammonia and nitrous oxide in soil |
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| CN102617206A (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2012-08-01 | 新兴县恒丰肥业有限公司 | Setting method for organic fertilizer production workshops and production method for organic fertilizer |
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