RU2165401C1 - Complex organomineral fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fertilizers. SUBSTANCE: fertilizer designed to assist growth of plants on open and protected ground contains, as organic constituent, chemically disinfected fecal component (25-30%) and mixture of brown coal with wastes and organic additives (17- 30%) and, as mineral constituent, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium sources (45-50%) plus phosphorite production waste or gold production rejects (the balance). Application of fertilizer provides all organic and mineral nutrients needed for plants and also enables accumulation of humus with real aftereffect of fertilizer for the period of 3-5 years. Fertilizer is apt to be composed with any specified proportion of nutritive trace minerals. EFFECT: improved soil structure formation and ensured required moisture-air conditions. 7 cl, 6 ex

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the cultivation of plants in open and protected ground.

 The problem of providing plants of various origin with a full range of nutrients during the growing season is associated with the integrated use of organic and mineral fertilizers.

 Organic fertilizers contain small doses of nutrients and therefore require high doses of soil. In addition, most of them require disinfection from pathogenic microorganisms before application. However, organic fertilizers have an aftereffect for 2-3 years, contribute to the preservation of the humus layer, provide improved soil structure and improve the moisture-air regime.

 An organic fertilizer is known that contains bird or animal droppings processed by microbiological fermentation (RU, 2141932, C 05 F 11 / 08.1999).

 The disadvantage of this fertilizer is the need to introduce a growth stimulator of microorganisms into it and significant doses of its introduction into the soil.

 It is known organic fertilizer prepared from waste products of vital activity of living organisms (RU, 2132320, C 05 F 9 / 00.1999).

 The main disadvantage of this fertilizer is its imbalance, which necessitates the treatment of the product with an alkaline agent to achieve the desired pH.

 Organic fertilizer made from straw of cereal and leguminous crops is known at a ratio of 2: 1 (RU, 2130003, C 05 F 11/00, 1999).

 Its disadvantage is the fixed time of application to the soil - not earlier than a month before sowing.

 In addition to the above, all of the known organic fertilizers listed above contain small doses of nutrients and therefore require high doses of their application to the soil, and, in addition, most of them require disinfection from pathogenic microorganisms before application.

 Mineral fertilizers can provide high concentrations of nutrients with relatively low doses, but often with prolonged use cause salinization and acidification of the soil, have a low utilization of nutrients - in open ground it does not exceed 30-45% depending on the nutrient, which causes environmental pollution .

 Mineral fertilizer obtained by nitric acid processing of phosphate ores is known (EP, 0039241, A2, 11/04/1981).

 The disadvantage of fertilizer is the low utilization of nutrients, which causes environmental pollution.

 Organomineral fertilizers are known which have the advantages of both mineral and organic fertilizers. The organic part contributes to the accumulation (or preservation, compensation of losses) of humus, improves the soil structure, ensures the development of soil microorganisms, and the mineral component makes up for losses in nutrients and also contributes to soil structuring.

 Known granular complex fertilizer obtained by mixing and granulating loam, expanded clay, kaolinite, phosphogypsum, aerosil with the addition of peat and natural zeolite as nitrogen and phosphorus sorbents in an amount of 3.0-3.5 wt. % (Auth. St. USSR N 1302646, class C 05 G 5/00, 1985).

 The disadvantages of the fertilizer thus obtained are the complex component composition, the significant complexity of the process, the low content of peat and zeolite as sorbents.

The most famous were mixtures containing peat (sometimes together with organic waste), enriched with nutrients. However, the widespread use of such mixtures is hindered by a number of factors:
peat should be neutral or slightly acidic, have a certain structure and relatively low humidity (less than 50%), because at higher humidity, soluble salts are easily washed out of the mixture during its preparation;
acidic peat varieties require the addition of lime, which in turn reduces the supply of phosphorus;
Peat itself contains a very small number of nutrients and trace elements, so all components (including trace elements up to 20 items) must be added to the mixture during cooking.

 Known nutrient mixture containing fecal component, brown coal, complex fertilizers and ash (RU, 2040888 C 05 G, 1994).

 A disadvantage of the known nutrient mixture is the following. To increase the duration of action, the mixture is placed in a semipermeable shell. Without a shell, the duration of the mixture is much shorter. In addition, a fecal component with a moisture content of up to 86 wt.% (Optimally up to 50 wt.%) Is used to prepare the mixture, which reduces the effect of humus accumulation.

 The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed one is a complex organomineral fertilizer containing organic and mineral components (RU, 2144014, C 05 F 11/00 10.01.2000).

 The disadvantages of the closest analogue are the fixed content of macronutrients, i.e., the limited use of fertilizer, because most crops require different contents and proportions of nutrients. In addition, the known fertilizer is not a product of long-term action and does not have the property of structure formation.

 The technical result of the invention is to improve the quality of fertilizer by improving its technological and operational characteristics, increasing the long-term action and the acquisition of structure formation properties.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in a complex organic fertilizer containing organic and mineral components, according to the invention, the chemically disinfected fecal component and a mixture of brown coal and waste with organic additives are contained as an organic component, and sources of nitrogen and phosphorus are contained as a mineral component and potassium and waste production of phosphate rock or ash dumps in the following ratio of ingredients, wt.%:
chemically disinfected fecal component - 25-30
a mixture of brown coal and waste with organic additives - 17-30
sources of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium - 45-50
waste phosphate rock or ash dumps - the rest
The optimal conditions for achieving a technical result are as follows:
the fertilizer contains a chemically disinfected fecal component selected from the group: bird droppings, cattle manure, pig manure treated with ammonia;
chemically disinfected fecal component contains 2.5-5.0 wt.% ammonia, previously introduced in the form of a 20-25% solution or gas;
the fertilizer contains brown coal, previously crushed to a fineness of not more than 100-120 microns;
waste with organic additives selected from the group: sawdust, straw, green mixtures, peat extraction waste, pre-crushed to a particle size of not more than 90-150 microns in the following ratio of ingredients, wt.%:
chemically disinfected fecal component - 25-30
waste with organic additives - 10-2
brown coal - 15-20
sources of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium - 45-50
waste phosphate rock or ash dumps - the rest
Sources of nitrogen are selected from the group: urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, substandard waste from the production of nitrogen fertilizer with a fixed nitrogen content; sources of phosphorus - from the group: phosphorite flour, ground phosphorite rock, superphosphate; sources of potassium - from the group: potassium sulfate, potassium carbonate and mixtures thereof in various ratios, potassium chloride, Kalimagnesia;
fertilizer as waste phosphorite mining contains glauconite;
The claimed proposal meets the conditions of patentability "Novelty", "Inventive step" and "Industrial applicability", because the combination of characteristics: the content of complex organic and mineral fertilizers organic and mineral components, and according to the invention as an organic component it contains a chemically disinfected fecal component and a mixture of brown coal and waste with organic additives, and as a mineral component - sources of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and waste phosphate ritov or ash dumps with the following ratio of ingredients, wt.%:
chemically disinfected fecal component - 25-30
a mixture of brown coal and waste with organic additives - 17-30
sources of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium - 45-50
waste phosphate rock or ash dumps - the rest
is new and provides an unobvious result - improving the quality of fertilizers by improving its technological and operational characteristics.

 The invention is illustrated by the following examples.

 Example 1

In a special container, freshly collected bird droppings with a moisture content of 75% in an amount of 2500 kg are loaded, then an ammonia solution with a concentration of 24.7% in such an amount that the ammonia concentration in the litter is 3 wt.% Is introduced there. The mixture is kept for at least 72 hours. After that, 250 kg of the mixture is loaded into the mixer (paddle, screw or other) and 150 kg of crushed (100-120 μm) brown coal are subsequently fed into the mixer, 100 kg of sawdust, 20 kg of potassium chloride, 30 kg of carbamide, 200 kg are ground to the same fineness kg of phosphorite flour (phosphorus content in terms of P ₂ O ₅ = 16.5) and 250 kg of mine dumps ground to 100-150 microns. The mixture is kneaded to a homogeneous mass (the kneading time depends on the type of mixer), granulated by known methods and used to grow flowering plants, herbs, etc. green crops.

Thus, the fertilizer mixture has the following composition, wt.%:
bird droppings - 25
brown coal - 15
sawdust - 10
potassium chloride - 2
phosphorite flour - 20
carbamide - 3
mine dumps - the rest
In the final product, the ratio N: P ₂ O ₅ : K ₂ O = 1: 2.4: 0.8; The pH of the mixture is 6.4-6.6.

 Example 2

Fertilizer (mixture) is prepared analogously to example 1. The mixture contains, wt.%:
bird droppings - 25
brown coal - 15
sawdust - 10
potassium carbonate - 2
phosphorite flour - 20
carbamide - 3
mine dumps - the rest
The ratio of the main nutrients is similar to example 1, pH = 7.8-7.9. Thus, the replacement of potassium chloride with carbonate allows you to change the pH value, which makes it possible to use the mixture on acidic soils, while in addition to providing nutrients and organic substances, the claimed fertilizer acts as a chemical ameliorant.

 Example 3

The mixture composition, wt.%:
litter of bird droppings (litter: straw = 1: 1,2) - 30
brown coal - 20
phosphorite flour - 25
potassium sulfate - 12
carbamide - 10
glauconite rocks - the rest
The mixture is prepared as follows. Ammonia gas in such a quantity that its concentration in the litter was 5 wt.% Is passed through a ton of 65% litter litter containing 455 kg of litter and 545 kg of straw. % The mixture is held for at least 80 hours, and then 300 kg of the mixture are placed in a mixer, to which 200 kg of ground brown coal, 250 kg of phosphate rock (P ₂ O ₅ = 18.5%), 120 kg of potassium sulfate, 100 kg of urea are successively added. 30 kg of glauconite rocks. The mixture is kneaded to a homogeneous mass, granulated and get an organomineral composition with a ratio of N: P ₂ O ₅ : K ₂ O = 1: 1: 1.4; the pH of the mixture is 6.8 to 6.9. Such a mixture is suitable for use on almost any type of soil for vegetable plants, root crops, most fruit trees and shrubs, etc.

 Example 4

The mixture composition, wt.%:
droppings of birds with humidity of 70-75% - 25
brown coal - 18
phosphorite flour - 27
sawdust - 4.5
carbamide - 9.5
a mixture of carbonate and potassium sulfate 1: 1 - 11
glauconite - the rest
A mixture with a ratio of N: P ₂ O ₅ : K ₂ O = 1: 1: 1; The pH of the mixture of 7.2 - 7.3 is prepared analogously to example 1. The resulting mixture is suitable for use under almost any crops on any type of soil.

 Example 5

The mixture is prepared analogously to example 1. The composition of the mixture, wt.%:
cattle manure with a humidity of 75% - 25
straw section - 8
phosphorite flour - 20
brown coal - 16
mixture of chloride and potassium sulfate - 7
carbamide - 9
phosphate rock waste - the rest
The ratio of batteries 1: 1.3: 1, pH 6.3 - 6.5. A mixture with possible granulation is used on soils with insufficient phosphorus content, it is recommended for crops that are poorly responsive to the presence of chlorine.

 Example 6

Ammonia gas is passed through freshly collected litterless pig manure with a humidity of 80% and a mass of 1500 kg to a concentration of 4.5 in the manure. The mixture is kept under periodic stirring for 96 hours, and then 250 kg is placed in a mixer, to which 50 kg of green grass cross-section (particle size no more than 5 mm), 200 kg of ground brown coal, 100 kg of a mixture of carbonate and potassium sulfate are added in a ratio of 2: 1, 100 kg of urea, 200 kg of phosphate rock and 100 kg of waste from a phosphate rock processing plant. The mixture is mixed until smooth, granulated and used to fertilize fields intended for growing winter wheat, potatoes or sugar beets. The ratio of the main elements of nutrition is 1: 1.3: 1.2, pH - 7.2 - 7.4. The composition of the mixture, wt.%:
pig manure - 25
5 green mixture of herbs
brown coal - 20
mixture of potassium salts - 10
carbamide - 10
phosphorite flour - 20
phosphate rock waste - the rest
The use of waste from enrichment plants, ash, mine dumps, etc., can enhance the structuring effect, increase the concentration of trace elements, supplement the mixture with a group of elements that are absent in mineral or organic fertilizers, but affect the development of plants (for example, silicon).

The above examples clearly illustrate that the invention allows to solve a number of problems:
use low liquid waste (organic and mineral);
to ensure the saving of natural raw materials in the production of fertilizers with a high coefficient of nutrient use (up to 75-90%);
receiving fertilizers with different ratios of nutrients, give the fertilizer the properties of chemical reclamants or composts;
provide aftereffect for at least 3-5 years;
ensure the accumulation of humus, the optimal pH value, based on the properties of the soil or the needs of plants, improve the structure of the soil.

 The invention allows to create a composition of the nutrient mixture with any given ratio of macronutrients, significantly improve the structure of the soil and provide the required moisture-air regime.

Claims (5)

1. A complex organic-mineral fertilizer containing organic and mineral components, characterized in that it contains a chemically disinfected fecal component and a mixture of brown coal and waste with organic additives as an organic component, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sources and waste as a mineral component the production of phosphorites or ash dumps in the following ratio of ingredients, wt.%:
Chemically disinfected fecal component - 25 - 30
A mixture of brown coal and waste with organic additives - 17 - 30
Sources of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium - 45 - 50
Phosphorite mining waste or ash dumps - Other
2. The fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a chemically disinfected fecal component selected from the group: bird droppings, cattle manure, pig manure treated with ammonia.  3. The fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that the chemically disinfected fecal component contains 2.5 - 5.0 wt.% Ammonia, previously introduced in the form of a 20 - 25% solution or gas.  4. Fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it contains brown coal, previously crushed to a fineness of not more than 100 - 120 microns. 5. Fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the waste with organic additives is selected from the group: sawdust, straw, green mixtures, peat extraction waste, pre-ground to a particle size of not more than 90 - 150 microns in the following ratio of ingredients, wt.%:
Chemically disinfected fecal component - 25 - 30
Organic waste - 10 - 2
Brown coal - 15 - 20
Sources of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium - 45 - 50
Phosphorite mining waste or ash dumps - Other
6. Fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the nitrogen sources are selected from the group: urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, substandard waste production of nitrogen fertilizer with a fixed nitrogen content, phosphorus sources from the group: phosphorite flour, ground phosphorite rock, superphosphate, potassium sources from the group: potassium sulfate, potassium carbonate and their mixtures in various ratios, potassium chloride, Kalimagnesia.  7. Fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it contains glauconites as waste phosphate mining.