RU2319806C2 - Method for bio-positive shore revetment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: shore-protective structures to be erected in erodable river and canal beds, particularly revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like.

SUBSTANCE: method involves laying flexible mats on base along river or canal bed length, wherein the mats are bags filled with vegetable soil and light-weight fascines laid one onto another and placed in mesh shell. The first bag layer consists of bags tightly connected with each other and laid on mesh stretched over base. The second layer including light-weight fascine rows is placed on said bags and is covered with upper mesh layer tensioned over it and connected with lower mesh layer and fastening reinforcement wires of the base. Mats arranged over and under shoreline have bags filled with vegetable soil mixed with seeds of water-resistant plants having extended root systems. Concrete anchors are arranged on slope before mat laying so that mats are spaced apart a distance equal to mat lengths along revetment center and top line.

EFFECT: increased operational reliability and possibility to recover green plantations along river and canal banks.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering and can be used as environmental shore protection structures in eroded riverbeds and canals.

A relatively close technical solution is the method of erecting a gabion mount [1], including laying along the banks of the channel on the base of a prismatic shape filled with stone gabions. Before laying gabions on the base, the porous space between the stones is filled with fertile soil with sowing seeds of hygrophilous plants with a developed root system, and then they are kept in an aqueous or humid environment until the root system germinates and is reinforced, while the gabion itself is made with an inclined prismatic frame containing in the center is a hinge that connects the stretch marks with the hinges at the tops of the gabion. Gabions are laid in layers with a shift of transverse seams in the cross section of the channel, and between the layers seams of fertile soil are made. The disadvantages of this technical solution are:

- the complexity of the design and construction method;

- the need for a large amount of stone material;

- the plant soil between the gabions and their stones, as well as in the base, will be eroded by the wave action of the flood molasses, additional costs for drainage and antifiltration measures will be required.

The purpose of the invention is to increase work efficiency and reduce the complexity of construction.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of erecting a biopositive fastener, consisting of flexible mattresses made of bags with soil and light fascines, layer-by-layer located in a mesh shell, the first layer of bags with soil tightly bandaged and connected to each other is laid on the base in dense rows, the second layer is on top of bags of light fascin rows, and on top of the fascin layer is covered the upper layer of the mesh with its attachment to the lower layer of the mesh and to the reinforcing anchor wires of the base. Before laying the mattresses in the slope, an anchor made of concrete is arranged with their location at a distance of the size of the mattresses along the line of the middle and top of the mount, and the anchors are connected together by reinforcing wires to reinforce the mattresses. Moreover, for mattresses located above and along the low water edge, the bags are filled with fertile soil with the addition of seeds of hygrophilous plants with a developed root system. Light fascines are made from reeds or freshly cut brushwood.

Figure 1 shows a cross section of a shore protection structure with biopositive fastening; figure 2. - the same in plan; figure 3 is a light fascin of reeds.

Biopositive fastening of the slope consists of flexible mattresses 1, located on the sand and gravel preparation 2 slopes, concrete anchors 3, arranged in the slope at a distance of the length of the mattresses 1 along the top line and the middle of the fastening and interconnected by fixing reinforcing wires 4. The mattresses 1 are made of metal mesh shell 5, inside which bags 6 with fertile plant soil and light fascia 7 are packed in dense rows in two layers, bottom layer of bags 6, and top fascines 7. The mesh shell of 5 mattresses 1 is tightly wrapped around the lnitelya and secured to the backsheet and fastening the reinforcing mesh dragged 4, firmly connected with concrete anchors 3. On top of the primary fastening mattresses one on the slope of the fixing auxiliary arranged dernovki 8.

The method of erection of biopositive fastening is carried out and works as follows.

According to the proposed method, bags 6 with fertile soil are prepared in advance with sowing seeds of hygrophilous plants with a developed root system. The material for the bags uses a geogrid (geotextile). At the same time, bags 6 with vegetable soil are watered with water to quickly overgrow the plant. Along with them, light bowls 7 made from reeds or freshly cut brushwood are harvested in advance, the length of the towers is 2.5-3 m, the diameter is 0.1-0.2 m. After this, a slope is planned, anchor 3 is planned to be constructed, holes 0 deep are developed, 5-0.7 m, formwork is arranged with the installation of anchors, concrete is poured (M-150). After the concrete has set strength, the slope is leveled and sand and gravel preparation 2 is arranged, reinforcing fixing wires 4 are stretched and attached to concrete anchors 3. Then the gabion mesh of the sheath 5 is laid out according to the size of mattresses 1, starting from the lower row of the base of the slope, the nets are laid in dense rows in dense rows bags 6 with soil, tied on top and tied together with a rope, on top of bags 6 in continuous rows a layer of light fascines 7 is laid, and on top of the fascin row an upper layer of mesh shell is pulled ki 5 with its attachment to the lower mesh layer and to the reinforcing wires 4. The same technology built 1 mattresses middle and upper rows of fastening. The upper boundary of the fastening of mesh and flexible mattresses should pass no lower than the edge of the maximum water level of the estimated security. Above the main mount on the slope to the ridge, an auxiliary mount is provided from turf 8. To accelerate the installation of gabion mattresses 1 and to ensure stretching of reinforcing wires 4 and gabion mesh 5, it is recommended to hammer wooden stakes 9 along the bottom of the mount at a distance of the size of mattresses 1.

During operation, the hydrodynamic loads of the flood stream will be dispersed and partially extinguished due to the flexibility and soft wave-like shape of the proposed mount. A part of the stream of the coastal water stream passes through the anchorage into the body of the dam and back from the dam to the river without dangerous filtration deformations in the dam body and under the anchorage due to sand and gravel preparation 2 and the permeability of the anchorage. Flexible mattresses 1 work both as a protective fastener and as drains. When the channel is eroded below the bottom of the mount, the bottom row of mattresses 1 will fall into the formed erosion pit and the reinforcement wires 4 of the mount will be tensioned. In the case of the maximum possible channel erosion, the bottom row of mattresses 1 can take a vertical position, and the fastening will not slide down, only the fixing wires 4 will be pulled harder. And in an upright position, mattresses 1 will retain their shape due to the fact that the bags last 6 seconds soil and light fascia 7 (forming aggregate) are closely interconnected with reinforcing wires 4 and mesh sheath 5. In addition, light fascia 7 in water creates additional lifting force, which reduces the load on the wire 4. At the same time in the fertile soil in a moist environment is rapidly overgrown plant seeds and development of their root system. At the same time, silt and fin with seeds of plants of local flora will accumulate along the water edge in the upper fascin layer 7, which will also grow well. As a result, not only grass, but also shrubs and trees will grow through such a fastening. Each year, as the root system of grasses and shrubs in the body of the fastening and slope of the dam grows and develops, the strength and stability of the structure will increase. As a result, the mount will become even stronger and merge with the natural landscape of the coastal zone. At the same time, favorable conditions are created for the reproduction of fish in river sections along the coastal anchorage, where dense thickets of plants create stagnant zones of water. As is known, fish fry feed on insect larvae found in green plants along the water edge.

Thus, a dam (or coastal slope) with a protective coating, constructed by the proposed method of erecting a biopositive fastening, turns into an environmental protection structure that does not interfere with the circulation of substances and energy, helps the development of nature and is included in the river’s ecosystem, is perceived by nature as a related element .

The proposed method of erecting a biopositive mount is intended to protect the coastal water protection zones of rivers in its lowland and foothill areas, where the average flow velocities do not exceed 1.5 m / s. It simultaneously provides flood protection and restoration of coastal green areas. This method can be most effectively used in inaccessible sections of rivers where heavy construction equipment cannot be used.

The source of information

1. Patent No. 2200790 of the Russian Federation, MKI E02B 3/12, E02D 17/20. The method of construction of a gabion mount / Lamerdonov Z.G., Kurbanov S.O., Dyshekov A.Kh. / M., 2003

Claims (3)

1. A method of erecting a biopositive fastening, including laying along the banks of the channel on the base of flexible mattresses, characterized in that the mattresses perform environmental protection designs from bags with vegetable soil and light fascin, laid in layers in a mesh shell, the first layer of bags tightly bandaged and connected between by themselves, they are placed on a mesh stretched along the base, on top of the bags - the second layer of rows of light fascines, on top of which they are covered with the upper layer of the mesh, which is connected to the lower layer of the mesh and the mounting fittings shaded base wires. 2. The method of erecting a biopositive fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that before laying the mattresses in the slope they arrange concrete anchors and place them at a distance of the size of the mattresses along the midline and top of the fastener, the anchors being connected together by reinforcing wires for fastening and anchoring the mattresses . 3. The method of erecting a biopositive fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that for mattresses located along and above the water edge, the bags are filled with fertile soil with the seeds of hygrophilous plants with a developed root system, and a geogrid is used as the material for the bags.

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