RU2398930C1 - Method for erection of slope support from fascines of biopositive design - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: method for erection of slop support of biopositive design includes layering light and heavy fascines onto foundation along coasts of riverbed. In the beginning light fascines are laid in solid rows in foundation along slope line, and metal wires are tightened above to form coarse net. Heavy fascines are arranged in tight rows above net and light fascines normally to their rows along line of slope inclination. The second coarse metal net is tightened above layer of heavy fascines and is fixed to metal wires in foundation. Light and heavy fascines are prepared in advance. Light fascines are made of dry ripe cane with diametre of 0.15 - 0.2 m and length of 1.7 - 2.5 m. Heavy fascines are made with diametre of 0.3-0.7 m and length of 2-2.5 m from soil filler and flexible shell. Filler is made of bags filled with fertile soil and added seeds of permanent grasses and bushes with developed root system. Shell of heavy fascines are made of tight layers of dry cane and flexible gabion net tightened around cane layers. Coarse nets in foundation and on top are bound to each other and fixed to anchors, which are arranged in slope above support and at the distance from each other.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of structure operation, its biopositive effect and prolonged service life.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering and can be used as environmental protection, shore protection structures in eroded riverbeds and canals.

A known method of erecting a gabion mount [1], including laying along the banks of the channel on the base of a stone-filled gabion prismatic shape. Before laying gabions on the base, the porous space between the stones is filled with fertile soil with sowing seeds of hygrophilous plants with a developed root system. Then they are kept in an aqueous or humid environment until the root system completely germinates and is reinforced, while the gabion itself is made with an inclined prismatic frame containing a hinge in the center that connects the stretch marks with hinges at the vertices of the gabion. Gabions are laid in layers with a shift of transverse seams in the cross section of the channel, and between the layers seams of fertile soil are made. The main disadvantages of this technical solution are:

- the complexity of the design and construction method;

- the need for a large amount of stone material;

- the plant soil between the gabions and their stones, as well as at the base, will erode under the hydrodynamic effects of the flood stream, additional costs for drainage and antifiltration measures will be required.

A relatively close technical solution is the method of fastening coastal slopes of heavy fascia [2], consisting of coarse-grained soil aggregate and twigs, made of a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 0.6-1.0 m and tied with soft wire in several places. The main disadvantages of this technical solution are:

- unreliability and short service life;

- the complexity and complexity of manufacturing and installation:

- the impossibility of their use at high flow rates (more than 1.5-2 m / s);

- weak overgrowth and biopositivity of the structure.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency and biopositivity of the structure, as well as the service life of the fastener.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of erecting a sloping fastening of a biopositive structure, including laying along the banks of the channel on the base of the fascia. The sloping fastening is made of layers of light and heavy fascia stacked in layers, and first, light fascines are laid in solid rows along the slope in the base, on top of which metal wires are pulled to form a coarse mesh, and on top of the grid and light fascines are normal to their rows along the slope slope in heavy rows, heavy fascines, after which a second coarse metal mesh is pulled on top of the heavy fascin layer and attached to the metal wires at the base. Light and heavy fashions are harvested in advance, light fashions are made from dry ripened reeds 0.15-0.2 m in diameter and 1.7-2.5 m long, and heavy fashions are made 0.3-0.7 m in diameter and 2 -2.5 m from a soil aggregate and a flexible shell, while the aggregate is made of bags filled with fertile soil with the addition of seeds of perennial grasses and shrubs with a developed root system, and the shell of heavy fascines is made of dense layers of dry reeds and a flexible gabion net, covered around the layers of reeds, with coarse mesh at the base and n between a top link and is attached to the anchors, which are arrange in slope above attachment and at a distance from each other.

Figure 1 shows a cross section of a coastal protection structure with a sloping fastening of a biopositive structure of layered stacked fascines; figure 2 is the same, in plan, figure 3 is a light fascine from reeds, figure 4 is a heavy fascine.

The sloping fastening of the biopositive structure consists of light fascia 1, flexibly connected to each other, metal wires 2 stretched on top of the light fascia 1 with the formation of a coarse mesh, heavy fascia 3, laid on top of the light fascia 1 and consisting of a filler and a flexible sheath; the aggregate is made entirely of interconnected bags 4 filled with fertile plant soil with the addition of seeds of perennial grasses and shrubs; and the shell is made of dry reeds 5 and a flexible gabion net 6. Mounting loops 7 are provided at the places for dressing heavy fascia 3, and a second coarse wire mesh 8 made of metal wire is stretched on top of them, coarse wire mesh (upper and lower) are connected and attached to anchors 9, sloping above the mount.

A method of erecting a sloping fastening of a biopositive structure from fascia is carried out and works as follows.

According to the proposed method, light towers 1 from dry reeds and heavy towers 3 from soil aggregate and flexible mesh shell 6 are pre-harvested. After the slope is planned, anchors 9 are planned to be installed just above the upper fastening line, holes 0.5-0.5 m deep are developed , formwork is arranged with the installation of anchors, concrete is poured (M-100). After the concrete has set strength, the slope is equalized and divided into laying cards for the fastening fastening 10 m long along the slope. Next, in light rows along the slope along the entire length of the card, light fascia 1 is laid to the upper attachment line, metal wires 2 (0 3-4 mm) are stretched on top of the rows of light fascia with the formation of a coarse mesh and attached to anchors 9. Then, on top of the coarse mesh and light fascines perpendicular to them are mounted in dense rows of heavy fascia 3, on top of which stretch the second coarse mesh 8 of galvanized metal wires passing through the mounting loop 7 and attached to the lower layer of the mesh 2 and anchors 9. Then, the same technology is mounted following mounting area of the map.

After the installation of heavy fascines is completed, it is advisable to water them, especially the location of the bags with vegetable soil, so that the seeds of plants grow faster and their root system develops.

During operation, the hydrodynamic loads of the flood stream will be dispersed and partially extinguished due to the flexibility and soft wave-like shape of the proposed mount. At the same time, part of the stream of the coastal stream passes through the fascines into the slope body and back from the slope to the river without the occurrence of dangerous filtration deformations under the mount and in the slope soils. The location of light fashions 1 normal (perpendicular) to the direction of the reverse filtration flow prevents possible filtering deformation of the underlying soil (mechanical suffusion, contact erosion, etc.). The dry bulrush, from which light fascines are made, is a good draining material. The wave-like arrangement of heavy fascines 3 along the slope slope and at a large angle (close to 90 °) to the direction of the river flow provides partial damping of the excess flow energy, as well as a uniform distribution of the flow hydrodynamic loads along the mount. The fascine mount works both as a protective mount and as a drain. When the channel is eroded below the bottom of the anchorage, the lower part of the fascine anchorage will fall under the action of its own gravity into the formed erosion funnel and the metal wires 2 and 8 will be tensioned. In the case of the maximum erosion of the channel, it will assume a vertical hanging position, and the attachment will not slide down , only the connecting wires 2 and 8 and the fixing wires of the anchors 9 will be tighter. And in the upright position, this mount retains its shape due to the design of the fascines and ichiya fixing metal wires 2 and 8. At the same time light and heavy fascines in the water create extra lift, which reduces the load on the wire 2 and 8. At the same time in the fertile soil in a moist environment is rapidly overgrown plant seeds and development of their root system. As a result, both grass and shrubs will grow through the fastening. Every year, as the root system of grasses and shrubs in the body of the mounts and the slope (shore or dam) grows and develops, the stability and strength of the structures will increase. As a result, the mount will become even stronger and merge with the natural landscape of the coastal zone. At the same time, favorable conditions are created for the migration and reproduction of fish in river sections along the coastal anchorage, where dense thickets of plants create stagnant zones of water. As is known, fish fry feed on insect larvae found in green plants along the water edge.

The use of dry reeds in light and heavy fascines provides not only water permeability and design flexibility, but also helps to preserve moisture in the body of the fasteners for a long time. This creates good conditions for the germination of plants from the fertile soil in the bags 4. Over time, the entire attachment of fascinus will completely overgrow with grass and shrubs, and in a few years the entire fascinous attachment will turn into a continuous turf, sprouted by the branches of plants up and down and in roots.

Thus, the flexible slope fixture, built with the proposed method, turns into a biopositive fixture, which does not interfere with the circulation of substances and energy, helps the development of nature and is included in the river’s ecosystem, it is perceived by nature as akin to it.

The method of erecting a flexible bias-positive slope mount is intended for engineering and environmental protection of coastal zones of rivers in their foothill and lowland areas, where the average speed of flood flows does not exceed 3.0 m / s. This method can be most effectively used on plain and inaccessible sections of rivers.

The source of information.

1. Patent No. 2200790 of the Russian Federation, MKI E02B 3/12, E02D 17/20. The method of erection of a gabion mount. / Lamerdonov Z.G., Kurbanov S.O., Dyshekov A.Kh. M.: 2003.

2. Altunin S.T. Regulation of channels. - M .: "Selkhozizdat", 1962, 352 p.

Claims (2)

1. A method of erecting a sloping fastener from the fascines of a biopositive structure, including laying along the banks of the channel on the base of the chutes, characterized in that the slant fastening is made of layers of light and heavy fashions laid in layers, and first, light fashions are laid in continuous rows along the slope in the base, which stretch metal wires with the formation of a coarse mesh, and on top of the mesh and light fascias normally heavy fascines are placed in dense rows along the slope line on top of a layer of heavy fascines pull a second coarse metal mesh and attach it to a metal wire in the ground. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the light and heavy fascia harvested in advance, the light fascia from dry ripened reeds, with a diameter of 0.15-0.2 m and a length of 1.7-2.5 m, and heavy fascia made with a diameter of 0.3-0.7 m and a length of 2-2.5 m from soil aggregate and flexible shells, the aggregate is made from bags filled with fertile soil with the addition of seeds of perennial grasses and shrubs with a developed root system, and the shell is heavy fascin - from dense layers of dry reeds and a flexible gabion net wrapped around the layers of reeds, and coarse mesh at the base and at the top are connected to each other and attached to the anchors, which are arranged in a slope above the mount and at a distance from each other.

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