RU2569828C1 - Method to erect coastal support from fascines of biopositive design - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: method includes laying of light and heavy fascines in layers along a bank slope 2. Heavy fascines 1 are laid in longitudinal and transverse strips to form square or rectangular cells of different size from 1 to 2.5 m. Heavy fascines 1 are connected to each other by means of metal stainless nets and wires. Inside the cells into the base they lay and attach a polymer net 4 to heavy fascines 1, on top of which in one layer they lay light fascines 3 in dense layers, tightened on top with a gabion net 5. Additionally in the base of the slope 2 at a certain distance from each other there are gabion mats 6 of prismatic form laid and attached to heavy fascines 1 of slope fixation. On top of gabion mats 6 they arrange a reinforced latticed frame 8 of segment shape and attach to rectangular rings 9, wrapped around gabion mats 6 at the distance from each other. The reinforced frame 8 with the help of ropes or reinforcement wires 10 are in some places fixed to anchors 11, which are arranged in the slope 2 above the fixture and at the distance from each other. The invention is designed for engineering and environmental protection of coastal areas of rivers in their piedmont and flat areas, where average speeds of flood flows do not exceed 2.5-3.0 m/s. This method may be most efficiently used in flat and hard-to-access areas of small rivers.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of operation and reduced material intensity of a slope fixture.

2 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering and can be used as environmental protection, shore protection structures in eroded rivers and canals in coastal zones.

A known method of attaching coastal slopes of heavy fascia [1], consisting of coarse coarse aggregate aggregate and brushwood made of cylindrical shape with a diameter of 0.6-1.0 m, and tied with soft wire in several places. The main disadvantages of this technical solution are:

- unreliability and short service life;

- the complexity and complexity of manufacturing and installation;

- the impossibility of their use at high flow rates (more than 1.5-2 m / s);

- weak overgrowth and biopositivity of the structure.

A relatively close technical solution is the method of erecting an oblique fastening from the fascines of a biopositive design, which includes layered rows of light and heavy fascias reinforced from above and below by a metal mesh attached to anchors [2]. The main disadvantages of this technical solution are the low efficiency with possible washings of the channel and the high material consumption of the structure.

The purpose of the invention is to increase work efficiency and reduce the material consumption of the sloping mount. This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of erecting a coastal fastening of a biopositive structure, including laying along the coastal slope, layer-by-layer rows of light and heavy fascia stacked on the slope, heavy fascia is laid in longitudinal and transverse stripes with the formation of square or rectangular cells of different sizes from 1 to 2, 5 m, moreover, heavy fascines are connected with each other with the help of stainless metal nets and wires, and inside the cells they are laid and attached to the heavy fascins with a polymer net, light xy in which one layer is laid dense rows lungs fascines, covered from above of a gabion mesh, which is attached to the slope and heavy fascines. Prismatic-shaped gabion mattresses are placed at the base of the slope at a certain distance from each other and attached to the heavy fascia of the sloping mount, a segment-shaped reinforcing lattice frame is arranged on top of the gabion mattresses and attached to rectangular rings wrapped around the gabion mattresses at a distance from each other. At the same time, the reinforcing cage with the help of cables or reinforcing wires is sometimes attached to the anchors, which are arranged in a slope above the fastening and at a distance from each other. In FIG. 1 shows a cross section of a shore protection structure with coastal fastening of a biopositive structure; in FIG. 2 - the same in plan; in FIG. 3 - reinforcing lattice frame; in FIG. 4 - heavy fascin, in FIG. 5 - light fascin from reeds; in FIG. 6 - gabion mattress.

The coastal fastening of the biopositive structure consists of heavy fashions 1, laid longitudinal and transverse stripes with the formation of square or rectangular cells on a planned slope 2, light fashions 3, laid inside the cells on a polymer net 4, covered on top with a gabion net 5. At the base of the coastal slope on a certain gabion mattresses 6, consisting of light fascines 3 and polymer corrugated pipes 7, laid in layers inside the gabion mesh box of a prismatic shape, are stacked from each other. On top of the gabion mattresses 6, a reinforcing lattice frame 8 of a segment shape is arranged and attached to rectangular rings 9, wrapped around the gabion mattresses 6. At the same time, the reinforcing frame 8 is attached to anchors 11 in places that are arranged in the slope above the mount using ropes or reinforcing wires 10. On top of the reinforcing cage 8 and gabion mattresses 6 a mound of local soil is arranged.

A method of erecting a sloping fastening of a biopositive structure from fascia is carried out and works as follows.

According to the proposed method, light fashions 3 from dry reeds and heavy fashions 1 from soil aggregate and flexible mesh shell are pre-harvested. After slope 2, it is planned to install anchors 9 just above the upper attachment line, develop pits with a depth of 0.5-0.7 m, formwork with the installation of anchors, arrange concrete, pour concrete (M-100). After the concrete has set strength, slope 2 is leveled and divided into laying cards of heavy fashions 1 with mutually perpendicular stripes to form square or rectangular cells of different sizes from 1 to 2.5 m, and heavy fashions 1 are connected together using stainless metal wires and nets. Then, inside each cell, in the base, a polymer net 4 is stretched and attached to heavy fascia 1 along the entire width, on top of which light fascia 3 are laid in dense rows in one layer, wrapped on top of a gabion net 5, which is attached to slope 2 and heavy fascia 1. At the base gabion mattresses 6 of a prismatic shape are laid at a certain distance from each other and attached to the heavy fascia 1 of the sloping mount, a reinforcing lattice frame of 8 segment shape is arranged on top of the gabion mattresses and attached to rectangular rings 9, wrapped around gabion mattresses 6 at a distance from each other. In this case, the reinforcing cage 8 using ropes or reinforcing wires 10 in some places is attached to the anchors 11, which are arranged in a slope above the fastening and at a distance from each other. After the installation of heavy fascines 1 is completed, it is advisable to water them, especially the location of the bags with vegetable soil, so that the seeds of the plants grow faster and their root system develops.

During operation, the hydrodynamic loads of the flood stream will be dispersed and partially extinguished due to the flexibility and soft cellular shape of the proposed mount. At the same time, part of the stream of the coastal stream passes through the fascines into the slope body and back from the slope to the river without the occurrence of dangerous filtration deformations under the mount and in the slope soils. The location of light fashions 1 normal (perpendicular) to the direction of the reverse filtration flow prevents possible filtering deformation of the underlying soil (mechanical suffusion, contact erosion, etc.). Dry reeds, from which light fascines are made, are good drainage materials. The cellular and strip-like arrangement of heavy fashions 1 on the slope provides partial damping of the excess energy of the river flow, as well as a uniform distribution of the hydrodynamic loads of the stream along the mount. The fascine mount works both as a protective mount and as a drain. When the channel is eroded below the bottom of the fastener, the lower part of the fastener from the gabion mattresses 6 and the reinforcing lattice frame 8 will fall under the action of its own gravity into the formed erosion funnel and the reinforcing wires or cables will be tensioned 10. In the case of the maximum possible erosion of the channel, the lower part of the fastener from gabion mattresses 6 and the reinforcing lattice frame 8 will lie along the line of the natural angle of friction, and at the same time the sliding of the fastener will not occur, only the fastening wires will be tightened locks (or cables) 10. And in the upright position, this mount retains its shape and stability on the slope. At the same time, gabion mattresses 6 from light fascia 3 and corrugated polymer pipes 7 in water create additional lifting force, which reduces the load on wires 10. Simultaneously, in the fertile soil and in a humid environment, the seeds of plants grow rapidly and their root system develops. As a result, both grass and shrubs will grow through the fastening. Every year, as the root system of grasses and shrubs in the body of the mount and slope (shore or dam) grows and develops, the stability and strength of the structure will increase. As a result, the mount will become even stronger and merge with the natural landscape of the coastal zone. At the same time, favorable conditions are created for the migration and reproduction of fish in river sections along the coastal anchorage, where dense thickets of plants create stagnant zones of water. As you know, fish fry feed on insect larvae found in green plants along the water edge.

The use of dry reeds in light and heavy fascia provides not only water permeability and flexibility of the structure, but also contributes to the preservation of moisture in the body of the mount for a long time, which creates good conditions for the germination of plants and from fertile soil in bags 4. Over time, the whole mount of fascin completely overgrown with grass and shrubs, and in a few years the entire fascia mount will turn into a continuous turf, sprouted by the branches of plants up and roots down and in breadth.

Thus, the flexible slope fixture, built with the proposed method, turns into a biopositive fixture, which does not interfere with the circulation of substances and energy, helps the development of nature and is included in the river’s ecosystem, it is perceived by nature as akin to it.

The method of erecting a coastal anchorage from fashions of a biopositive structure is intended for engineering and environmental protection of coastal zones of rivers in their foothill and lowland areas, where the average speed of flood flows does not exceed 2.5-3.0 m / s.

This method can be most effectively used on lowland and inaccessible sections of small rivers.

Information sources

1. Altunin S.T. Regulation of channels. - M .: "Selkhozizdat", 1962, 352 p.

2. Patent for the invention No. 2398930, E02B 3/12. A method of erecting a sloping fixture from the fascines of a biopositive design / Kurbanov S.O., M., 2010.

Claims (2)

1. A method of erecting a fastening of a coastal slope from heavy fascia and flexible mattresses, characterized in that on the slope, heavy fascia is laid in longitudinal and transverse stripes with the formation of square or rectangular cells of different sizes from 1 to 2.5 m, with heavy fascia being connected together with the help of stainless metal nets and wires, and inside the cells, a polymer net is laid and attached to heavy fascia in the base, on top of which light fascia is laid in one layer in dense rows, covered with gabion mesh, which is attached to the slope and heavy fascia. 2. The method of erecting the fastening of the coastal slope according to claim 1, characterized in that prismatic-shaped gabion mattresses are placed in the base of the slope at a certain distance from each other and attached to the heavy fascia of the sloping fastener; rectangular rings wrapped around gabion mattresses at a distance from each other, while the reinforcing frame on the side of the slope using ropes or reinforcing wires in some places attached to the anchor Am that slope above the mount and at a distance from each other.

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