RU2320810C2 - Method to erect paving of gabion mats in flood season - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydraulic building, particularly to erect shore-protective structures in river bed to be eroded in flood seasons.

SUBSTANCE: method involves producing mesh shells; filling the shells with stones; laying the shells filled with stones on bank slope in flood season directly on slope areas to be eroded. Anchors with fastening reinforcing wires are arranged in ridge opposite to area to be eroded before gabion mat laying on slope. First of all paired mesh mat shells are suspended to two anchors spaced apart a distance equal to mat thickness. The mesh mat shells are suspended with the use of fastening reinforcing wires and are lowered in water so that inlet parts thereof are over water line. Then the shells are filled with stones and the inlet parts are sealed with metal wire. After that fastening reinforcing wires are uniformly loosened to lower mats to surface to be eroded. Finally the mats are secured to anchors. Next mat rows are assembled in the same way so that each next row is laid on previous one to reach water line by uppermost row.

EFFECT: increased efficiency and reliability of shore protection.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering and can be used as shore protection structures in eroded riverbeds during floods.

The closest technical solution is the method of erecting a gabion mount [1], including laying along the banks of the channel on the base of a prismatic shape filled with stone gabions.

The disadvantages of this technical solution are:

- the difficulty of erecting this mount during floods;

- the inability to erect manually without the use of construction equipment;

- low efficiency and high labor intensity.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency and reliability of coastal protection during floods in conditions of increasing erosion of the channel.

This goal is achieved in that the shore protection is a prefabricated design of gabion mattresses, laid manually during the flood directly on the eroded section of the shore, and the mattresses are attached to the anchors located in the crest opposite the eroded area. Before laying the mattresses, mesh shells are first made, which are suspended in pairs from the anchors located at a distance of the width of the mattresses from each other using reinforcing wires of fasteners and lowered into the water so that their inlet is slightly higher than the water edge, then they are filled with stone material and the inlet is tightened part with a metal wire, after which the reinforcing wires of the fasteners are evenly released until the mattresses under the influence of gravity reach the bottom of the eroded area. Immediately after that, they are firmly attached to the anchors. Using the same technology, they mount the second, third and other rows of mattresses, laying each of them on the previous one, until the very top row lies along the water line.

Figure 1 shows a cross section of a shore protection structure with a mount of gabion mattresses; figure 2 is the same in plan; figure 3 - mesh shell gabion mattress with reinforcing wire fasteners.

The proposed fastening of the eroded section of the coast consists of gabion mattresses 1, laid on the eroded slope and attached to the anchors 2 using reinforcing wires 3 fasteners. The mattresses 1 consist of a mesh shell 4 made in the form of bags with an inlet part 5, which is tightened and secured with a metal wire 6 after filling them with stone.

The method of erection of fasteners from gabion mattresses is carried out and works as follows.

To carry out the construction according to this method, mesh shells 4 of mattresses 1 are made in advance with long reinforcing wires 3 and 4 attached to the edges of the inlet part 5 (FIG. 3). On the crest of the protective structure along the entire length of the eroded zone, anchors 2 are hammered (or arranged) at a distance of approximately the width of the bags. As anchors, used reinforced concrete elements and metal bars buried in pits with a stone and boulder top load can be used. Then, in turn, and in pairs, mesh shells 4, starting from the upper boundary of the washed area, are lowered into the water. When their lower part has entered the water, and the inlet 5 is slightly higher than the water edge, the safety reinforcing wires 3 are attached to the anchors 2, and immediately a large aggregate is manually loaded into the sheaths 4. After filling them, the input part 5 is tightened with a metal wire 6 and closed. Then the fixing wires 3 are evenly released until the gabion mattresses 1 under the action of gravity reach the bottom of the eroded area. As soon as they reach the bottom, they are firmly attached to the anchors 2, with the reinforcing wires taut 3. At the same time, the second row of mesh shells 4 is suspended in pairs, and using the same technology they are filled and laid on top of the first row of mattresses 1 so that they lie tightly together to the friend and were firmly attached to the anchors 2. In the same way, the third and subsequent rows of mattresses 1 are made so that the very top row lies along the line of maximum water edge. Thus, with cards of two gabion mattresses 1, they are laid from bottom to top until the entire eroded section of the coast is completely closed. Moreover, each mattress 1 has its own individual wires 3 fasteners. In the event of a mesh break 4 of one mattress 1, the rest remain untouched; in place of the destroyed mattress you can make a new one. With strong hydrodynamic effects of the flood flow during the installation of mattresses 1, large gaps may form between their vertical rows. Then, if possible, these gaps should be filled with large boulders or additionally made mattresses 1 and put them on top of the gaps formed and attached to the anchors 2.

To increase the reliability of the gabion mattresses 1, it is necessary to fill with different-grained stone material with the addition of gravel up to 20%. In this case, gabion mattresses work both as protective fasteners and as drains. Due to the flexibility of the design, they fit snugly against the eroded zones of the coast. During operation, the hydrodynamic loads of the flood stream will be dispersed and partially extinguished due to the flexibility and wave-like shape of the proposed mount. Part of the stream of the coastal stream passes through the fastening into the body of the dam and back from the dam to the river, without the occurrence of dangerous filtration deformations of the underlying soil. When deepening the bottom of the eroded area below the bottom of the fastening, the lower row of mattresses 1 will stretch in depth, take a vertical position, and there will be a strong tension of the reinforcing wires 3 of the fastener. And in this case, the sliding of the fastener will not occur, it will work reliably, the anchor fasteners will hold it firmly. The resulting erosion pits at the base of the mount will periodically sag or erode without the occurrence of dangerous deformations in the design of the mattress cover.

Through this fastening, there will be a rapid overgrowth of vegetation on the coastal slopes. In a humid environment and the conditions of natural stones (clinging to them, plants feel confident and grow well. Not only grass grows here, but also shrubs that reinforce stone material, thereby mattresses 1 are strengthened even more). If necessary, to ensure accelerated overgrowing to strengthen the shore, it is necessary to partially use small bags with vegetable (fertile) soil with the addition of seeds of hygrophilous crops with a developed root system as a placeholder for mattresses 1 strictly protected green coastal zones of rivers for a rather short period of time.The mount itself will become even stronger and merge with the natural landscape of the coastal zone, while favorable conditions will also be created for fish breeding in river sections along the coastal mount, where dense thickets of plants create stagnant water zones .

As a result, a structure with a protective coating built by the proposed construction method will turn into a nature protection structure, which is included in the river’s ecosystem and is perceived by nature as a related element of coastal zones. The proposed method of erection of fasteners is designed to restore eroded sections of coastal water protection zones during floods, in foothill sections of rivers, where the average flow velocity does not exceed 3-4 m / s. This method can be most effectively used in hard-to-reach sections of rivers where heavy construction equipment cannot and is difficult to use.

The source of information.

1. Altunin S.T. Regulation of channels. - M .: Selkhozizdat, 1956, p. 62-64 (prototype).

Claims (1)

A method of erecting a fastener from gabion mattresses, including the manufacture of mesh shells and filling them with stone and laying on a slope along the banks during floods in the aquatic environment directly on eroded sections of the shore, and before laying gabion mattresses in the crest opposite the eroded section, an anchor with fixing reinforcing wires is arranged, characterized in that at first the mesh shells of the mattresses are suspended in pairs from the anchors located at a distance of the width of the mattresses from each other using reinforcing wires fasteners and lower them into water so that their inlet part is slightly higher than the water edge, then fill them with stone material and tighten the inlet part with a metal wire, after which the reinforcing wires of the fasteners are evenly released until the mattresses reach the bottom of the eroded bottom by gravity section, and immediately they are firmly attached to the anchors, then, using the same technology, they mount the second, third and other rows of mattresses, laying each of them on the previous one, until the top row lies along the water line.

Images