RU2393294C1 - Method for erection of batter drainage of biopositive design - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: method for erection of batter drainage of biopositive design includes multi-layer filter. Filter is made of flexibly joined biopositive mats made of meshy shells and draining filler, which is made of layerwise folded rows of light fascines inside shells, and lower rows of fascines are laid normally in direction of filtration flow, and upper rows are laid along its direction, the mats themselves are pierced with metal wire in some areas.

EFFECT: improved efficiency and biopositive property of design, reliability of design, reduced material intensity.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering and land reclamation construction and can be effectively used as a drainage device for low-pressure earthen dams and dams.

The closest technical solution is the overburden drainage, arranged on the lower slopes of earthen dams and dams, consisting of sand-gravel filters (return filters) and a stone sketch on top of them [1]. The main disadvantages of this technical solution are:

- the need for a large amount of stone and gravel material;

- high complexity of manufacturing inverse filters;

- low biopositivity and design efficiency.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency and biopositivity of the structure, reducing construction costs.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of erecting an overflow drainage of a biopositive design, including a multilayer filter, the filter is made of flexibly interconnected biopositive mattresses made of mesh shells and a drainage aggregate, which is arranged from layered folded rows of light fascines inside the shells, while the lower rows of fascines are laid normally to the direction of the filtration flow, and the upper rows in its direction, the mattresses themselves are stitched in places with metal wire. In this case, flexible mattresses in the places of their connection from above are attached with reinforcing wire to concrete anchors, which are arranged in the lower slope above the level of the filtration flow and at a distance from each other, and from the bottom at the bottom of the lower slope, flexible mattresses are loaded on top with heavier mattresses the shells of which are laid on the bottom several rows of bags from local and plant soil, and on top - dense rows of light fascines from reeds.

Figure 1 shows a cross section of an earthen structure with overhead drainage on the lower slope; figure 2 is the same in plan; figure 3 is a light fascin of reeds.

The bi-positive drainage drainage system consists of flexible mattresses 1 made of mesh shells 2 and a draining aggregate, which is composed of rows of light fascines. Moreover, the lower rows of fascia 3 are laid normally to the direction of the filtration stream 4, and the upper rows of fascia 5 in its direction; in places, the mattresses 1 are sewn with metal wire 6. The flexible mattresses 1 are attached on top with reinforcing wire 7 to the anchors 8. The lower mattresses 1 are loaded with heavier mattresses 9 on the bottom of the bottom slope, in the mesh shells of which several rows of 10 bags of local and plant soil, and on top - dense rows of light fascin 11.

The bi-positive drainage drainage is constructed and operates as follows.

First, dry reeds are harvested in the required volume for the manufacture of light fascines 3, 5 and 11 in sufficient quantities, as well as bags from the geogrid, the dimensions of which can vary over a wide range (from 0.3 × 0.5 m to 0.7 × 1, 5 m). They plan a downhill slope to the base, and at the base develop a trench for heavy mattresses 9. In the downhill slope above the level of the filtration flow 4, at the distance of the length of the mattresses 1, pits are developed between them and concrete anchors 8 are laid with reinforcing wires 7. After gaining sufficient strength with cast concrete in anchors 8 in size of flexible mattresses 1 along the slope lay mesh shells (gabion nets) 2 mattresses 1 with the attachment of pieces of metal wires 6. Then, in turn, flexible mattresses 1 are made, for this on the grid 2 over the entire area normal to the direction of the filtration stream 4 light fashions 3 are laid in dense rows, on top of which also the upper rows of light fashions 5 are laid in dense rows (perpendicular to the lower rows) in the direction of the filtration flow 4. Then the upper layer of the mesh shell is pulled 2 with attachment to the lower layer of the net, the flexible mattress obtained in this case 1 is sewn in places with metal wire 6. Then, exactly the same technology is used to make all the other mattresses 1 of the overflow drainage along lower slope of the earthen structures. All flexible mattresses 1 within the boundaries of their connection to each other are attached using reinforcing wire 7 to concrete anchors 8. Then, in the trench located at the base of the bottom slope and on top of the lower part of the mattresses 1, the net shell of heavy mattresses 9 is stretched. stack several rows of bags 10 with local and vegetable soil, on top of which dense rows of light fascines 11 are laid. After that, the mesh shell around them is tightly pulled and the manufacture of heavy mattresses 9 is completed with simultaneous closure By warming to the retina 2 flexible mattresses 1. Bags 10 are pre-filled with local and plant soil (up to 30%) with the addition of seeds of hygrophilous and branched plants with a developed root system. Bags 10 can be completely filled with fertile vegetative soil if it is in place in sufficient quantities. It is also recommended that in places on top of flexible mattresses in places to lay plant soil with sowing seeds of plants adapted to local conditions.

The drainage drainage of earthen dams and dams works as follows. The filtration water flow under the influence of hydrostatic pressure in the upper pool (WB), moving through the body of the earthworks with a certain slope, goes to the lower slope, where the overflow drainage is located. In this case, filtered water is received by the lower rows of light fascia 3 located normally to the direction of the filtration stream 4. Next, the water passes into the upper rows of fascia 5 located along the direction line of the filtration flow, which quickly divert it to the downstream (NB). Due to the location of the lower rows of fashions 3 perpendicular to the direction of the filtration flow in dense rows, it prevents possible contact erosion of soils at the base of the drainage. And the upper rows of fashions 5 work as drainage devices because of their location in the direction of the flow of filtered water. Heavy gabion mattresses 9 at the base of the downhill slope and concrete anchors 8, arranged on top of the filtration stream 4, stably hold overflow drainage in the area of the outlet of the filtration stream and ensure the reliability of its operation. Over time, overhead drainage will overgrow with green plants, starting from the base of the lower slope, where heavy mattresses are located 9. The structure of light fascines from the reeds contributes to the effective overgrowing of green spaces and an increase in the biopositivity of the drainage structure. At the same time, green plants do not significantly affect the filtration quality of drainage. With strong overgrowing with herbs and shrubs, the water supply ability of the upper rows of fascines 5 may decrease. And in this case, a safe drainage of the filtered water will be ensured, since part of the water will leak to the top of the drainage and go to the upper part of the drainage due to the large slope. For this, the required thickness of the water intake part of the drainage (lower layers of the fascia 3) and the drainage part (upper layers of the fascia 5) must be at least 20 cm of each part. It is desirable to make the thickness of the drainage part 10 cm thicker than the intake part to ensure more efficient drainage of filtration water. The manufacture and installation of overhead drainage is carried out mainly by hand, partial use of technical means is possible when laying heavy bags in the base of the mattresses 9.

In the case of earthworks consisting of clay soils, small silty particles of soil may be transported by water particles to the water intake part, which will partially silt and become clogged with sediments (the lowest rows of fashions 3). In this case, filter back pressure (back pressure) may occur, which in turn can raise the flexible mattresses 1 of the drainage. Only a slight uplift can occur, which cannot lead to a serious violation of the drainage operation mode, since the reinforcing wires 7 and heavy mattresses 9 at the base will hold the flexible mattresses 1 in place. Partial lifting of the mattresses 1 will lead to washing of the lower silted layers of light fascin 3. After that, the normal drainage operation will be fully restored. The efficiency of the overflow drainage system will increase even more if a geogrid is placed in the clay base of the drainage, which will prevent siltation and clogging of the lower layers of the fashions 3. Dry reed is used as the main filtration material in the design of the drainage, a cheap local material that is widespread and is found in large volume on the flat sections of rivers (especially in the south of Russia).

Thus, overhead drainage constructed by the proposed method for low-pressure earthen dams (or dams) will ensure the efficient reception and safe removal of filtered water through the body of structures at normal and forced water levels in the WB. At the same time, overflow drainage is turning into a biopositive structure that does not impede the circulation of substances and energy, helps the development of nature and is included in the river’s ecosystem, and is perceived by nature as a related element. Bi-positive drainage drainage can work effectively without major repairs for 10-15 years. Due to the fact that the bulrush is a highly draining and sufficiently resistant material, it is able to stay in the aquatic environment for 20-25 years or more. With periodic wetting and drying, the reeds retain their shape for 10-15 years and do not decompose. If the filtration properties of flexible mattresses 1 deteriorate over time, they can be easily replaced with new ones manually without the use of construction equipment.

The invention is recommended to be used on the flat sections of rivers during the construction and reconstruction of low-pressure earthen dams and dams of landsliding areas where there is not enough stone and gravel material, also in hard-to-reach places where the use of heavy equipment is difficult.

The source of information

1. Waterworks. Designer reference. / Under the general editorship of Dr. tech. Science prof. V.P. Nedrigi. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1983, p. 171-173, p. 491.

Claims (2)

1. A method of erecting an overhead drain of a biopositive structure, comprising a multilayer filter, characterized in that the filter is made of flexibly interconnected biopositive mattresses made of mesh shells and a drainage aggregate, which is arranged from layered rows of light fascia inside the shells, while the lower rows Fascines are laid normally to the direction of the filtration flow, and the upper rows - in its direction, the mattresses themselves are sometimes stitched with metal wire. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the flexible mattresses at the points of their connection from above are attached with reinforcing wires to concrete anchors, which are arranged in the downhill slope above the level of the filtration flow and at a distance from each other, and below the bottom of the bottom slope flexible mattresses are loaded on top with heavier mattresses, in the net shells of which several rows of bags from local and plant soil are laid below and dense rows of light fascines from reeds are placed on top.

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