RU2258549C1 - Method and device for extinguishing fire inside reservoir - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire-fighting, particularly to extinguish fires in opened and sealed containers with highly inflammable and combustible liquids with the use of gas-dispersed (gas-aerosol, gas-powder, gas-dust, gas-liquid) mixture.

SUBSTANCE: method for extinguishing fires inside reservoirs involves delivering fire-extinguishing mixture to liquid fire site from device floating in the reservoir, wherein above mixture is formed in the device by supplying gaseous and/or liquefied retarder and/or gaseous and/or liquefied homogenous fire inhibitor under pressure of not less than 1 MPa into vessel containing powder or liquid heterogeneous fire inhibitor and provided with bursting membrane or valve, which discharges gas-dispersed mixture through outlet pipeline and annular nozzle sprayer when pressure exceeds 1 MPa. The mixture is discharged as compact jets having 5-15° divergence angle in plane parallel to liquid plane with flow rate of not less than 10 kg/s and with outflow velocity at nozzle exit section of not less than 70 m/s. Jets are sprayed through 360° to prevent crossing thereof inside reservoir in radial direction so that vacuum is created in formed fire-extinguishing mixture discontinuity which results in sucking combustion products from upper fire area to vacuum area. This creates continuous all-around fire-extinguishing zone. Ratio between fire-extinguishing areas defined by gas-dispersed jets and combustion products is from 1:1 to 10:10. Mass ratio between gas and dispersed phases of fire-extinguishing mixture is from 0.2:1 to 15:1. Liquefied retarder is carbon dioxide and/or nitrogen and/or argon or mixture thereof. Gaseous and/or liquefied homogenous fire inhibitor is halohydrocarbon. Heterogeneous fire inhibitor is fire-extinguishing powder composition based on alkali metal and/or alkaline-earth metal and/or ammonium carbonates and/or chlorides and/or phosphates or is fine-fog generating orthophosphoric acid solution. Fire-extinguishing device is adapted to extinguish fires in reservoirs with floating roof or with pontoon and is installed in reservoir roof or pontoon center. Vessel with fire-extinguishing mixture and delivery system may be arranged outside the reservoir and in this case fire-extinguishing mixture is fed through spraying assembly floating in reservoir center and connected with above vessel by flexible pipeline. Device includes vessel with sealed lid and gas source providing injection of fire-extinguishing gas contained in the vessel, shutoff-and-triggering means and outlet pipeline with spraying nozzle arranged in upper reservoir part above liquid level. Gas source(s) is(are) is(are) communicated with vessel

interior filled with dispersed fire-extinguishing powder through siphon pipe or siphon pipe system secured to lid. The lid has outlet pipeline with cross-sectional area equal to 5-20 summary cross-sectional areas of siphon pipes. Installed at lower end of outlet pipeline is membrane or discharge valve opened when vessel overpressure reaches 1 MPa. Upper pipeline end is connected with annular spraying nozzle having at least one row of orifices located in horizontal plane and arranged along a circle. Device has positive buoyancy in liquid with density of not less than 700 kg/m³ to provide distance from reservoir liquid surface to spraying nozzle location in standby state of 0.01-0.05 of reservoir diameter. The device also has self-acting independent shutoff-and-triggering means.

EFFECT: increased fire-extinguishing safety and efficiency, decreased material consumption.

6 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to fire fighting equipment and is intended to extinguish fires using gas dispersed (gas-aerosol, gas-powder, gas-dust, gas-liquid, etc.) mixtures in open and closed tanks with flammable (LV) and combustible liquids (GF).

There is a method of extinguishing burning liquids, which consists in supplying solid carbon dioxide in a fragmented form to the fire with a granule diameter of 3-4 cm. The granules are fed in compact portions under a layer of burning liquid (USSR Author's Certificate No. 1687266 of 10.30.91). The disadvantages of the method of extinguishing burning liquids with solid carbon dioxide include its difficult supply to the burning tank through the unloading process pipelines, high consumption for extinguishing the fire (at least 0.7 kg / m ³ ) and its storage in isothermal tanks.

There is also known a method of gas-powder extinguishing from a powder fire extinguisher designed for local fire extinguishing, which contains a cannon with fire-extinguishing powder, a gas-generating chamber with an explosive charge and a squib, automatic control and monitoring system. This fire extinguisher is described in the recommendations of VNIIPO Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation of the USSR, 1978, p. 12, 16, 30, Fig. 5 and 4 (2). The disadvantages of this method include the following.

1. The increased specific gravity of the device to the weight of its extinguishing charge.

2. High pressure (100 MPa) and high temperature (1500-2000 ° C) in the gas generating chamber.

3. High pressure (10 MPa) in the body of the fire extinguisher.

4. The complexity of using this method of extinguishing due to the high speed of expiration (up to 250 m / s) of the fire extinguishing composition and its increased danger to staff.

There is a method of extinguishing a fire according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2129031 of 08/18/92, which consists in supplying a solid fuel aerosol-forming substance in the form of foam granules or foam cups with a specific gravity of 800 kg / m ³ coated with a waterproofing composition to the burning surface, and the ignition temperature of the composition is 120-140 ° C. According to the invention, the composition is fed manually (bags filled with foam granules are thrown onto the burning surface of the oil tank) or fed through a hose from a car. This method, in our opinion, is practically unrealizable due to the very high risk of supplying a solid fuel or pyrotechnic composition with the above parameters to the surface of a burning tank, especially with a burning surface of 375 m ² . The diameter of the RVS-3000 tank is 21.8 m, and the combustion area is 375 m ² . The flame height in a fire is 1-2 diameters. So, if the flame height is equal to the diameter, i.e. 21.8 m, the flame volume will be 8000 m ³ . According to the description, 24 kg of foam granules with a diameter of 8-10 mm and a density of 600 kg / m ³ will cover only 1% of the burning surface area, and the created aerosol concentration (assuming a composition utilization factor equal to one) will be 24000 g: 8000 m ³ = 3 g / m ³ , while the authors give C _carcass = 63 g / m ³ . If we take into account, as the authors write, that the volume of released gases is 1600 times greater than the volume of foam cups, then the volume of combustion products will be 64 m ³ , which will be 0.8% of the flame volume. Such extinguishing agents with a fire extinguishing concentration of 3 g / m ³ or 0.8% by volume, or 24 kg: 375 m ² = 0.064 kg / m ² have not been found to date, therefore this extinguishing method is not physically feasible.

There is also a method of extinguishing fires in tanks according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2096053, A 62 C 2/00 of 08/05/94, the essence of which is to burn a solid fuel composition (TTK) and supply the gas-aerosol mixture to the burning surface from the bottom up in a cooled state, moreover cooling is carried out in 2 stages. At the first stage, the combustion products of the solid fuel composition are cooled in a pipeline where water or an aqueous solution of salts enters. At the second stage, the remaining (not dissolved, not settled and not condensed in the pipeline) part of the gas-aerosol mixture (GAS) is bubbled through a layer of combustible or flammable liquid to the combustion surface. The specific consumption relative to the burning surface was 0.2 kg / m ² with a combustion area of 1 m ² , a flammable liquor volume of 0.75 m ³ and a flammable liquor column height of 0.75 m. This method was chosen for the prototype.

The main disadvantage of this prototype method is increased flammability (the use of pyrophoric TTK at high fire hazard facilities), thermal pyrolysis of oil and oil products by combustion products, as well as the relatively high consumption of fire extinguishing composition when sparging a gas fire extinguishing in full-scale RCS (vertical steel tanks). For example, the most commonly used in the Russian Federation RVS-5000 with a volume of 5000 m ³ have a mirror diameter of 22.8 m and a column height of the stored liquid 11.92 m. The surface of the mirror is 408 m ² . Hence, for a uniform distribution of the HAS over the RVS-5000 mirror under natural conditions, to the measures additionally described in the patent, it is necessary to use a pipe reamer for sparging the HAS, and the diameter d _{0 of} the bubbler holes is determined by the formula:

where σ _W is the surface tension coefficient of the combustible liquid;

ρ _g - density of gaseous products of combustion;

H is the height of the liquid column above the bubbler;

P _a - atmospheric pressure;

g is the acceleration of gravity;

and the distance L, m, between the centers of the bubbler holes is found from the ratio:

(see J.E. Geguzin). Bubbles - M .: 1985).

According to experimental data (IV Belov, EV Prokolov. Speed and shape of air bubbles in water // ПМТФ, №3, 1968), the bubble ascent velocity averages u _bel ≈0.23 m / s with d _bel ≥ 2 mm. Calculations show that the optimal diameter of the bubbler holes is d ₀ = 3 mm, and the distance between the holes L = 9 mm (see RF patent No. 2126702, A 62 C 3/06). Thus, for the fire extinguishing effect in RVS-5000, a bubbler with 50,000 holes is required.

Loss of fire extinguishing aerosol in pipelines and coolers up to 50%, respectively (V.V. Agafonov, NP Kopylov. Aerosol fire extinguishing installations. M: 1999. 302 p.). As a result, under natural conditions, the actual flow rate is 0.8 kg / m ² , while the time for the supply of gas to the surface of the burning liquid, taking into account the operating time of the extinguishing aerosol generator (GOA), will be at least 2 minutes.

A device for extinguishing oil in reservoirs is known, comprising a gas-powder injector and / or a gas-liquid injector (foam generator) that pumps into the system of annular and radial pipelines through an OTV start-up device. Pipelines are located in oil horizontally at the bottom of the tank and are connected to a system of vertical pipes, in the upper part of which protrudes above the surface of the oil, nozzle nozzles are located that provide a fire extinguishing agent (OT) in case of fire over the burning surface of the liquid fuel (US Patent No. 5573068, MKI A 62 From 3/06 of November 12, 1996). This device is selected for the prototype.

The disadvantages of the prototype device include the following.

, т.е. в нашем случае количество кольцевых трубопроводов будет

, т.е. три кольцевых трубопровода, причем наибольший по радиусу отстоит от внутренней стенки РВС не менее чем на 1 м, т.е. максимальный диаметр кольца составит ≈21 м, средний ≈14 м, а внутренний диаметр ≈7 м. Все три кольца соединены как минимум шестью пересекающимися радиальными трубами, т.е. еще 6 труб по 21 м. На пересечениях кольцевых и радиальных труб установлены вертикальные сливные трубы высотой ≈11 м. Это еще 13 труб длиной по 11 м. Таким образом, общая длина трубопроводов составит:1. High metal consumption of the device. Take for example the RVS-5000 tank, which has an oil “mirror” diameter of 22.8 m and a column height of 11.92 m. According to the description of the prototype patent, the number of ring pipelines is defined as

, i.e. in our case, the number of ring pipelines will be

, i.e. three annular pipelines, the largest in radius being at least 1 m from the inner wall of the internal combustion engine, i.e. the maximum diameter of the ring is ≈21 m, the average is ≈14 m, and the inner diameter is ≈7 m. All three rings are connected by at least six intersecting radial pipes, i.e. 6 more pipes of 21 m each. At the intersections of the annular and radial pipes, vertical drain pipes ≈11 m high are installed. These are 13 more pipes with a length of 11 m. Thus, the total length of the pipelines will be:

L = πД ₁ + πД ₂ + πД ₃ + Д ₁ + 13 · 11 m = 66 m + 44 m + 22 m + 126 m + 143 m = 401 m

The internal diameter of the pipeline for foam extinguishing is 200 mm, for powder 50 mm. The weight of the foam steel pipe with a wall thickness of 5 mm will be 9.6 tons, for a powder extinguishing system with a wall thickness of 3 mm, the weight of the pipeline alone will be 1.5 tons.

2. Nozzle nozzles are rigidly fixed above the highest liquid level at a height of 0.15-0.3 m. The height of the GC column can be 11.5 m in RVS-5000, i.e. as GF or LVH in the tank are consumed, the extinguishing conditions will be different, because It is much more difficult to deliver a jet to a burning surface from a height of 11.5 m, both because of the loss of the kinetic energy of the jet and due to overcoming the oncoming flow of the evaporating GF and / or products of combustion of this liquid.

3. In case of fires in the RCS with a fixed or floating roof, volumetric combustion of vapors located in the RCS almost always occurs and, as a rule, the dismantling of the rigid roof and automatic fire extinguishing systems installed in the upper part of the RCS (see Sharovarnikov I.F., Molchanov V .P. Et al. Extinguishing fires of oil and oil products. - M.: Kalan, 2002, p. - 437).

4. Significant disadvantages of the prototype device should also include the high specific consumption of OTV, when it is fed into the fire zone from above (see A.N. Baratov, E.M. Ivanov. Fire fighting at chemical and petrochemical enterprises. - M: Chemistry , 1979-368 p., As well as the previous source: A.F. Sharovarnikov, V.P. Molchanov and others. Extinguishing fires of oil and oil products. - M .: Kalan, 2002, S. - 437). The consumption of extinguishing agent based on sodium bicarbonate and powder based on ammonium phosphates is, according to the above sources, from 1.5 to 4.5 kg / m ² , and for foam from 1.4 to 2.6 kg / m ² .

The aim of the present invention is to increase the safety and efficiency of extinguishing fires in tanks, reducing the metal consumption of the device design while reducing the specific consumption of OTV.

The problem is solved when implementing the proposed method and device for extinguishing GF and LVZH in tanks, namely by supplying a gas-dispersed extinguishing mixture to the reservoir in the liquid combustion zone, characterized in that the extinguishing mixture is supplied from the device floating in the center of the above-mentioned reservoir, and the extinguishing gas-dispersed mixture (GDS) form in the above device by supplying at least 1 MPa of a gaseous and / or liquefied phlegmatizer and / or liquefied and / or gaseous homogeneous inhibitor g rhenium into a container with a powdered or liquid heterogeneous combustion inhibitor, having a bursting disc or valve, opening when the above pressure is exceeded and ensuring the discharge of the GDS through the outlet pipe and the circular nozzle atomizer in compact jets with a divergence angle of 5-15 ° in the plane of the parallel liquid with a flow rate of at least 10 kg / s with a discharge velocity at the nozzle exit of at least 70 m / s, while the jets are fed with a sweep of 360 ° so that they do not cross radially inside the tank they blew up, creating a vacuum in the discontinuity of the extinguishing medium, which ensured suction of the combustion products from the upper fire zone into the rarefaction zone, thereby forming a continuous circular fire extinguishing zone with the ratio of the fire extinguishing areas formed by gas-dispersed jets and combustion products of the burning liquid ranging from 1: 1 to 10 : 1, and the mass ratio between the gas and dispersed phases of the extinguishing mixture is in the range from 0.2: 1 to 15: 1.

Carbon dioxide and / or nitrogen and / or argon or a mixture thereof are used as a gas and / or liquefied phlegmatizer, halogenated hydrocarbons are used as a gaseous and / or reduced homogeneous combustion inhibitor, and a carbonate and fire extinguishing powder composition is used as a heterogeneous combustion inhibitor and / or chlorides and / or phosphates of an alkali and / or alkaline earth metal and / or ammonium or a fog-forming solution of phosphoric acid.

When applying this method in tanks with a floating roof or pontoon, a fire extinguishing device is installed in the center of the pontoon or floating roof. This method can also be implemented to extinguish fires in tanks with a fixed roof when placing a container with a fire extinguishing mixture and a system for supplying it outside the tank, by supplying a fire extinguishing mixture to the fire zone through a flexible pipe to a circular nozzle nozzle floating in the center of the tank with a flammable liquid or liquid solvent.

A device for extinguishing a fire in a tank with flammable liquids and liquid solvent, containing a container with a sealed lid and a gas source providing injection of a gas-dispersed substance located in the aforementioned tank, a start-up device and an outlet pipe with a nozzle spray located in the upper part of the tank above the liquid surface, characterized in that the source (s) of gas is connected (s) with the cavity of the container with a dispersed extinguishing agent through a siphon tube or a system of siphon tubes fixed (s) in a lid having an outlet a piping with a cross-sectional area of 5-20 total cross-sections of siphon tubes, with a membrane or exhaust valve installed on the lower end of the outlet pipe, opening when the pressure in the tank reaches at least 1 MPa, and the upper end of the pipe is connected to a circular nozzle having less than one tier of nozzle openings located in a horizontal plane with a 360 ° sweep. The device is made with positive buoyancy for a liquid with a density of at least 700 kg / m ³ , ensuring that the device is afloat with the nozzle atomizer in standby mode above the surface of the liquid in the tank at heights within 0.01-0.05 of the diameter of the tank. A start-up device that opens a source with gas can be performed with manual start (for example, push-button with a radio pulse), automatic and autonomous, triggered by detectors installed in the tank.

The invention is illustrated by the drawing, which shows a floating device for extinguishing a fire in a tank and the main structural components of this device.

A device that implements a fire extinguishing method includes a container with a sealed lid 10, a gas source (gas bottle 12 and a gaseous and / or liquefied phlegmatizer and / or inhibitor 9), a start-up device 8 and an exhaust pipe 6 with a membrane or exhaust valve 13 at the lower end of the pipeline and a circular nozzle atomizer 5 at the upper end of the pipeline 6, and the gas source (cylinder 12 with a gas and / or liquefied inhibitor and / or phlegmatizer 9) is connected by a siphon tube 7 or a system of siphon tubes with a cavity of 10 with a diameter fire extinguishing agent 11.

The cross-sectional area of the outlet pipe 6 is 5-20 total cross-sections of the siphon tubes 7. The membrane or exhaust valve 13 at the lower end of the outlet pipe 6 is opened when the pressure in the tank with OTV 10 of more than 1 MPa is reached. The circular nozzle nozzle 5 has at least one tier of nozzle openings located in a horizontal plane with a 360 ° sweep.

The device can be made with positive buoyancy due to the pontoon 14, which provides the location of the circular nozzle spray 5 above the surface of the "mirror" GZH or LVZH 2 at a height within 0.01-0.05 of the diameter of the tank 3.

The implementation of the method is as follows. In the event of a fire in the tank with a fixed roof 3, containing flammable liquids and flammable liquids 1 from an independent detector installed, for example, inside the tank 3, a signal is sent to the start-up device 8, which opens a gas cylinder 12 containing a gas and / or liquefied phlegmatizer and / or a combustion inhibitor 9, after which the latter through a siphon tube 7 enters a container with a sealed lid 10 containing a dispersed OTV or a fog-forming solution of phosphoric acid 11 (a powdery or liquid heterogeneous combustion inhibitor).

When a pressure of 1 MPa is reached in the tank 10, a stable gas-dispersed mixture 4 is formed, which opens the membrane or valve 13 and is sprayed 360 ° with compact jets through a circular nozzle 5 through 360 ° circular nozzle 5 with a divergence angle of 5-15 ° in the plane parallel to the mirror "2 with a flow rate of GDS of at least 10 kg / s and a discharge velocity of at least 70 m / s, while the jets are sweep 360 ° so that they do not intersect in the radial direction inside the tank 3, creating a fire extinguishing discontinuity Wednesday ra rarefaction providing suction in this region dilution of the combustion products from the top of the fire zone, thus forming a continuous circumferential extinguishing zone comprising alternating zones formed HDS and zones of combustion products (CO _2, H ₂ O, C), wherein the area ratio of these zones is in the range from 1: 1 to 10: 1, and the mass ratio of the gas 9 and dispersed (liquid) 11 phases of the fire extinguishing mixture is in the range from 0.2: 1 to 15: 1.

Evaluation of the extinguishing efficiency of LVF and GF was carried out according to the method of evaluating the extinguishing efficiency recommended in the book: I.F. Bezrodny, A. N. Ginetic, V. A. Merkulov et al. "Extinguishing oil and oil products", M. 1996 ( pg. 194-195). For a more stringent test conditions as the fire using the fire 233V four 3.05 m diameter in the placement on the area of 40 m ² when tested according to the recommendations extinguishing units (NPB 67-98). The amount of gasoline poured onto the water cushion of each hearth was 233 liters.

As the GDS generators used models of modules of gas-powder extinguishing, made in accordance with this application for the invention.

The test results are shown in the table.

Table
The characteristics of the gas dispersed module (GDM) and the parameters of the area fire extinguishing. No.
p.p. Name of characteristics and
parameters Values of the characteristics of the pulp and paper machine and the parameters of the area quenching for options No. Extinguishing parameters according to the prototype method
No. 2096053 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 Mass of gas, kg 1,5 1.92 5.75 7.7 10.5 10.8 10.83 - 2 The mass of the dispersed phase ^2.3 , kg 10 9.6 5.75 3.8 1,0 0.72 0.67 - 3 m _gas / m _phase 0.15 0.2 1 2.02 10.5 fifteen 16 - 4 Working pressure in a powder cylinder, MPa 0.9 1,07 1,2 1,6 2.2 2,8 2.93 - 5 GDS outflow rate, m / s 52.3 71.7 110,4 150 214 220 224 - 6 GDS release time, s 5 4.6 4 2.7 2.0 1,5 1.3 - 7 GDS consumption, kg / s 9.2 10 11.5 17 23 30.7 35,4 -

 Table continuation No. p. Name of characteristics and
parameters Values of the characteristics of the pulp and paper machine and the parameters of the area quenching for options No. Extinguishing parameters according to the prototype method
No. 2096053 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Specific consumption of metal on 1 m ^{2 of the} protected area, kg / m ² 0.47 0.54 0.92 1,1 1,2 1,5 1,5 3.8-24.5 nine Fire extinguishing concentration, kg / m ² - 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 - 0.8 10 Extinguishing time, s Does not put out 5 4 3 2 1,5 Does not put out ≥120 eleven Fire and explosion safety of the method (+ safe - dangerous) + + + + + + + - 12 The gas component of the GDS Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide thirteen The dispersed phase of the GDS Sodium Carbonate Powder Potassium Chloride Powder Ammonium Phosphate Powder 50% orthophosphoric acid solution Ammonium Phosphate and Potassium Phosphate Powder Ammonium Phosphate and Potassium Phosphate Powder Potassium Carbonate Powder

Table continuation No. p. Name of characteristics and parameters Values of the characteristics of the pulp and paper machine and the parameters of the area quenching for options No. Extinguishing parameters according to the prototype method
No. 2096053 8 nine 10 eleven 12 thirteen 14 14 Mass of gas, kg 1.5 1.92 5.75 7.7 10.5 10.8 10.83 fifteen The mass of the dispersed phase ^2.3 , kg 10 9.6 5.75 3.8 1.0 0.72 0.67 16 m _gas / m _phase 0.15 0.2 1 2.02 10.5 fifteen 16 17 Working pressure in a powder cylinder, MPa 0.9 1,07 1,2 1,6 2.2 2,8 2.93 eighteen GDS outflow rate, m / s 52.3 71.7 110,4 150 214 220 224 19 GDS release time, s 5 4.6 4 2.7 2.0 1,5 1.3 twenty GDS consumption, kg / s 9.2 10 11.5 17 23 30.7 35,4 21 Specific consumption of metal on 1 m ^{2 of the} protected area, kg / m ² 0.47 0.54 0.92 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.5 22 Fire extinguishing concentration, kg / m ² - 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 - 23 Extinguishing Time does not put out 5 4 3 2 1.5 does not put out

Table continuation No. p. Name of characteristics and parameters Values of the characteristics of the pulp and paper machine and the parameters of the area quenching for options No. Extinguishing parameters according to the prototype method
No. 2096053 8 nine 10 eleven 12 thirteen 14 24 Fire and explosion safety of the method (+ safe, - dangerous) + + + + + + + 25 The gas component of the GDS nitrogen nitrogen-50% argon-50% nitrogen nitrogen nitrogen - 50% argon -50% nitrogen - 52% argon - 40% carbon dioxide - 8% nitrogen 26 The dispersed phase of the GDS sodium carbonate powder potassium chloride powder ammonium phosphate powder 50% orthophosphoric acid solution potassium phosphate powder powder based on ammonium phosphate and potassium phosphate potassium carbonate powder

Continuation of the table. No. p. Name of characteristics and parameters The values of the characteristics of the paper machine and the parameters of the area quenching for the X ° versions Extinguishing parameters according to the method of the prototype No. 2096053 fifteen 16 17 eighteen 19 twenty 21 27 Mass of gas, kg 1.5 1.92 5.75 7.7 10.5 10.8 10.83 28 The mass of the dispersed phase ^2.3 , kg 10 9.6 5.75 3.8 1.0 0.72 0.67 29th m _gas / m _phase 0.15 0.2 1 2.02 10.5 fifteen 16 thirty Working pressure in a powder cylinder, MPa 0.9 1,07 1,2 1,6 2.2 2.8 2.93 31 GDS outflow rate, m / s 52.3 71.7 110,4 150 214 220 224 32 GDS release time, s 5 4.6 4 2.7 2.0 1.5 1.3 33 GDS consumption, kg / s 9.2 10 11.5 17 23 30.7 35.4 34 Specific consumption of metal on 1 m ^{2 of the} protected area, kg / m ² 0.47 0.54 0.92 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.5 35 Fire extinguishing concentration, kg / m ² - 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 - 36 Extinguishing Time does not put out 5 4 3 2 1.5 does not put out

 Continuation of the table. No. p. Name of characteristics and parameters Values of the characteristics of the pulp and paper machine and the parameters of the area quenching for options No. Extinguishing parameters according to the prototype method
No. 2096053 fifteen 16 17 eighteen 19 twenty 21 37 Fire and explosion safety of the method (+ safe - dangerous) + + + + + + + 38 The gas component of the GDS argon argon nitrogen - 52% argon - 40% carbon dioxide - 8% argon Freon 114B2 (tetrafluoro dibromo-ethane) Freon 114B2 (tetrafluoro dibromo-ethane) argon 39 The dispersed phase of the GDS potassium chloride powder sodium carbonate powder ammonium phosphate powder 50% phosphoric acid solution potassium phosphate powder ammonium phosphate powder ammonium phosphate powder

 Table continuation No. p. Name of characteristics and parameters Values of the characteristics of the pulp and paper machine and the parameters of the area quenching for options No. Extinguishing parameters according to the prototype method
No. 2096053 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 40 Mass of gas, kg 1.5 1.92 5.75 7.7 10.5 10.8 10.83 41 The mass of the dispersed phase ^2.3 , kg 10 9.6 5.75 3.8 1.0 0.72 0.67 42 m _gas / m _phase 0.15 0.2 1 2.02 10.5 fifteen 16 43 Working pressure in a powder cylinder, MPa 0.9 1,07 1,2 1,6 2.2 2,8 2.93 44 GDS outflow rate, m / s 52.3 71.7 110,4 150 214 220 224 45 GDS release time, s 5 4.6 4 2.7 2.0 1,5 1.3 46 GDS consumption, kg / s 9.2 10 11.5 17 23 30.7 35,4 47 Specific consumption of metal on 1 m ^{2 of the} protected area, kg / m ² 0.47 0.54 0.92 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.5 48 Fire extinguishing concentration, kg / m ² - 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 - 49 Extinguishing Time does not put out 5 4 3 2 1.5 does not put out

Table continuation No. p. Name of characteristics and parameters Values of the characteristics of the pulp and paper machine and the parameters of the area quenching for options No. Extinguishing parameters according to the prototype method
No. 2096053 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 fifty Fire and explosion safety of the method (+ safe, - dangerous) + + + + + + + 51 The gas component of the GDS nitrogen - 50% argon - 50% nitrogen nitrogen - 50% argon - 50% nitrogen - 50% argon - 50% nitrogen nitrogen-50% argon-50% nitrogen-50% argon -50% 52 The dispersed phase of the GDS sodium carbonate powder potassium chloride powder ammonium phosphate powder 50% orthophosphoric acid solution powder based on ammonium phosphate and potassium phosphate powder based on ammonium phosphate and potassium phosphate potassium carbonate powder

 Table continuation No. p. Name of characteristics and parameters Values of the characteristics of the pulp and paper machine and the parameters of the area quenching for options No. Extinguishing parameters according to the prototype method
No. 2096053 29th thirty 31 32 33 34 35 53 Mass of gas, kg 1.5 1.92 5.75 7.7 10.5 10.8 10.83 54 The mass of the dispersed phase ^2.3 , kg 10 9.6 5.75 3.8 1.0 0.72 0.67 55 m _gas / m _phase 0.15 0.2 1 2.02 10.5 fifteen 16 56 Working pressure in a powder cylinder, MPa 0.9 1,07 1,2 1,6 2.2 2,8 2.93 57 GDS outflow rate, m / s 52.3 71.7 110,4 150 214 220 224 58 GDS release time, s 5 4.6 4 2.7 2.0 1,5 1.3 59 GDS consumption, kg / s 9.2 10 11.5 17 23 30.7 35,4 60 Specific consumption of metal on 1 m ^{2 of the} protected area, kg / m ² 0.47 0.54 0.92 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.5 61 Fire extinguishing concentration, kg / m ² - 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 - 62 Extinguishing Time does not put out 5 4 3 2 1.5 does not put out

Table continuation No. p. Name of characteristics and parameters Values of the characteristics of the pulp and paper machine and the parameters of the area quenching for options No. Extinguishing parameters according to the prototype method
No. 2096053 29th thirty 31 32 33 34 35 63 Fire and explosion safety of the method (+ safe, - dangerous) + + + + + + + 64 The gas component of the GDS nitrogen - 52% argon - 40% carbon dioxide - 8% nitrogen - 52% argon - 40% carbon dioxide - 8% argon nitrogen - 52% argon - 40% carbon dioxide - 8% nitrogen - 52% argon - 40% carbon dioxide - 8% argon nitrogen - 52% argon - 40% carbon dioxide - 8% 65 The dispersed phase of the GDS sodium carbonate powder potassium chloride powder ammonium phosphate powder 50% orthophosphoric acid solution potassium phosphate powder powder based on ammonium phosphate and potassium phosphate potassium carbonate powder

Table continuation No. p.p. Name of characteristics and parameters Values of the characteristics of the pulp and paper machine and the parameters of the area quenching for options No. Extinguishing parameters according to the prototype method
No. 2096053 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 66 Mass of gas, kg 1.5 1.92 5.75 7.7 10.5 10.8 10.83 67 The mass of the dispersed phase ^2.3 , kg 10 9.6 5.75 3.8 1.0 0.72 0.67 68 m _gas / m _phase 0.15 0.2 1 2.02 10.5 fifteen 16 69 Working pressure in a powder cylinder, MPa 0.9 1,07 1,2 1,6 2.2 2,8 2.93 70 GDS outflow rate, m / s 52.3 71.7 110,4 150 214 220 224 71 GDS release time, s 5 4.6 4 2.7 2.0 1,5 1.3 72 GDS consumption, kg / s 9.2 10 11.5 17 23 30.7 35,4 73 Specific consumption of metal on 1 m ^{2 of the} protected area, kg / m ² 0.47 0.54 0.92 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.5 74 Fire extinguishing concentration, kg / m ² - 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 - 75 Extinguishing Time does not put out 5 4 3 2 1.5 does not put out

 Table continuation No. p. Name of characteristics and parameters Values of the characteristics of the pulp and paper machine and the parameters of the area quenching for options No. Extinguishing parameters according to the prototype method
No. 2096053 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 76 Fire and explosion safety of the method (+ safe, - dangerous) + + + + 4+ + + 77 The gas component of the GDS Freon 114B2 Freon 114B2 Freon 114B2 Freon 114B2 argon Freon 114B2 Freon 114B2 78 The dispersed phase of the GDS sodium carbonate powder potassium chloride powder ammonium phosphate powder 50% orthophosphoric acid solution potassium phosphate powder powder based on ammonium phosphate and potassium phosphate potassium carbonate powder

As can be seen from the data in the table, the proposed extinguishing method and device for its implementation compares favorably with prototypes, namely, by extinguishing time by 24-80 times, by extinguishing concentration by 2.75 times, by specific metal consumption of the structure by 2.5-45 times. Moreover, the method and device have a new quality - fire and explosion safety.

Claims (6)

1. A method of extinguishing a fire in a tank by supplying a gas-dispersed fire extinguishing mixture to a liquid combustion zone, characterized in that the fire-extinguishing mixture is supplied from a device floating in the center of the aforementioned tank, wherein a gas-dispersed fire-extinguishing mixture is formed in the above device by supplying a gaseous and / or liquefied phlegmatizer and / or gaseous and / or liquefied homogeneous combustion inhibitor in a container with a powder or liquid heterogeneous combustion inhibitor having a discontinuous a membrane or valve providing, when the pressure exceeds 1 MPa, the release of the gas-dispersed mixture through the outlet pipe and the circular nozzle atomizer with compact jets with a divergence angle of 5-15 ° in a plane parallel to the liquid, with a flow rate of at least 10 kg / s with an outflow velocity at the nozzle exit at least 70 m / s, while supplying the jets with a 360 ° sweep so that they do not intersect in the radial direction inside the tank, creating a vacuum in the discontinuity of the extinguishing medium that provides suction into the zone heating of combustion products from the upper fire zone, thereby forming a continuous circular fire extinguishing zone with a ratio of fire extinguishing areas formed by gas dispersed jets and combustion products of a burning liquid in the range from 1: 1 to 10: 1, and the mass ratio between the gas and dispersed phases of the fire extinguishing mixture is ranging from 0.2: 1 to 15: 1. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that carbon dioxide and / or nitrogen and / or argon or a mixture thereof is used as a gas and / or liquefied phlegmatizer, and halogenated hydrocarbons are used as a gaseous and / or liquefied homogeneous combustion inhibitor. and as a heterogeneous combustion inhibitor, a fire extinguishing powder composition based on carbonates and / or chlorides and / or phosphates of an alkali and / or alkaline-earth metal and / or ammonium, or a fog-forming solution of phosphoric acid is used. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fire extinguishing device for tanks with a floating roof or pontoon is installed in the center of the roof or pontoon. 4. A device for extinguishing a fire in a tank with flammable and combustible liquids, containing a container with a sealed lid and a gas source providing injection of a dispersed extinguishing agent located in the aforementioned tank, a starting and locking device and an outlet pipe with a nozzle spray located in the upper part of the tank above the surface of the liquid, characterized in that the source or sources of gas is connected (s) with the cavity of the container with a dispersed extinguishing agent through a siphon tube or system siphon tubes, fixed (s) in a lid having an outlet pipe with a cross-sectional area of 5-20 total cross-sections of siphon tubes, with a membrane or exhaust valve installed at the lower end of the outlet pipe, opening when the pressure in the tank reaches at least 1 MPa, and the upper end of the pipeline is connected to a circular nozzle atomizer having at least one tier of nozzle openings located in a horizontal plane with a 360 ° sweep. 5. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that it is made with positive buoyancy for a liquid with a density of at least 700 kg / m ³ , providing the nozzle spray in standby mode, the height of placement above the surface of the liquid in the tank in the range of 0.01-0, 05 tank diameters. 6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the trigger-locking device is automatic and autonomous.