CN112675462A - Pulse type fire extinguishing device and electrical equipment - Google Patents
Pulse type fire extinguishing device and electrical equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN112675462A CN112675462A CN202110075477.6A CN202110075477A CN112675462A CN 112675462 A CN112675462 A CN 112675462A CN 202110075477 A CN202110075477 A CN 202110075477A CN 112675462 A CN112675462 A CN 112675462A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a pulse type fire extinguishing device and electrical equipment. The pulse type fire extinguishing device comprises a fire extinguishing container; a fire extinguishing agent placed within the fire extinguishing container, the fire extinguishing agent configured to spray a fire extinguishing substance from the fire extinguishing container to an outside; wherein the initial spraying speed range of the fire extinguishing substances is between 1 m/s and 300 m/s. The pulse type fire extinguishing device and the electrical equipment provided by the invention release more fire extinguishing substances in unit time, so that the oxygen concentration around the ignition point is rapidly reduced, and the combustion can be blocked on a chemical layer. In addition, the rapidly sprayed fire extinguishing substance can also drive free combustible substances which are burning so as to block burning on a physical layer, so that the pulse type fire extinguishing device can rapidly extinguish fire and has good fire extinguishing effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fire fighting, in particular to a pulse type fire extinguishing device and electrical equipment.
Background
The fire extinguishing methods commonly used in the market at present mainly comprise a pipe network type aerosol fire extinguishing method, a fire detecting pipe type perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing method, a pipe network type dry powder fire extinguishing method and a pipe network type water system fire extinguishing method.
The pipe network type dry powder fire extinguishing method and the pipe network type water system fire extinguishing method are based on the dry powder fire extinguishing method and the water fire extinguishing method, a pipe network system is added, spraying dead angles are reduced as much as possible, and the maximum effect can be exerted in the environment.
However, the fire extinguishing methods have the defects of generally slow spraying speed and low fire extinguishing efficiency although the spraying is stable.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on this, it is necessary to provide a pulse type fire extinguishing apparatus and electrical equipment with high fire extinguishing speed and high fire extinguishing efficiency, aiming at the problems of the existing fire extinguishing mode, generally slow fire extinguishing speed and low fire extinguishing speed.
A pulsed fire suppression device, comprising:
a fire extinguishing container;
a fire extinguishing agent placed within the fire extinguishing container, the fire extinguishing agent configured to spray a fire extinguishing substance from the fire extinguishing container to an outside;
wherein the initial spraying speed range of the fire extinguishing substances is between 1 m/s and 300 m/s.
In one embodiment, the fire extinguishing agent comprises an aerosol configured to spray the fire extinguishing substance from the fire extinguishing container to the outside after ignition.
In one embodiment, the aerosol is in the form of one or any combination of powder, granule, tablet or block.
In one embodiment, the ratio of the thickness to the length of the fire extinguishing container ranges from 1:3 to 1:20, and the ratio of the thickness to the width of the fire extinguishing container ranges from 1:3 to 1: 20.
In one embodiment, the fire extinguishing agent comprises a liquid fire extinguishing agent configured to be atomized upon heating and to spray the fire extinguishing substance from the fire extinguishing container to the outside.
In one embodiment, the fire extinguishing agent is configured to generate the fire extinguishing substance filling the fire extinguishing container within a preset time after ignition so that the pressure in the fire extinguishing container reaches a first preset pressure value;
wherein the first preset pressure value ranges from 1 MPa to 20 MPa.
In one embodiment, the fire extinguishing container is configured to allow the fire extinguishing substance to be sprayed to the outside when the pressure inside the fire extinguishing container reaches the first preset pressure value.
In one embodiment, the fire extinguishing container is provided with a nozzle, and a pressure relief structure is arranged at the nozzle and is configured to open the nozzle when the pressure in the fire extinguishing container reaches the first preset pressure value so as to allow the fire extinguishing substance to be sprayed to the outside.
In one embodiment, the fire extinguishing container is provided with a nozzle hole, and the fire extinguishing agent is configured to directly spray the fire extinguishing substance to the outside at a second preset pressure value from the nozzle hole after ignition;
wherein the second preset pressure value ranges from 0.2 MPa to 20 MPa.
An electrical equipment comprises the pulse type fire extinguishing device.
When the initial spraying speed of the fire extinguishing substance ranges from 1 m/s to 300 m/s, the pulse type fire extinguishing device and the electrical equipment release more fire extinguishing substance in unit time and generate more inert gas, so that the oxygen concentration around the ignition point is reduced rapidly, and the combustion can be blocked on a chemical layer. In addition, the rapidly sprayed fire extinguishing substance can also drive free combustible substances which are burning so as to block burning on a physical layer, so that the pulse type fire extinguishing device can rapidly extinguish fire and has good fire extinguishing effect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a pulse type fire extinguishing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only.
Where the terms "comprising," "having," and "including" are used herein, another element may be added unless an explicit limitation is used, such as "only," "consisting of … …," etc. Unless mentioned to the contrary, terms in the singular may include the plural and are not to be construed as being one in number.
It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
It will also be understood that when interpreting elements, although not explicitly described, the elements are to be interpreted as including a range of errors which are within the acceptable range of deviation of the particular values as determined by those skilled in the art. For example, "about," "approximately," or "substantially" may mean within one or more standard deviations, without limitation.
Furthermore, the drawings are not 1: 1, and the relative dimensions of the various elements in the figures are drawn for illustration only and not necessarily to true scale.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a pulse type fire extinguishing apparatus in an embodiment of the invention. For the purpose of illustration, the drawings show only the structures associated with embodiments of the invention.
Referring to the drawings, a pulse type fire extinguishing apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a fire extinguishing container 10 and a fire extinguishing agent 20.
The fire extinguishing agent 20 is placed in the fire extinguishing container 10, and the fire extinguishing agent 20 is configured to spray the fire extinguishing substance from the fire extinguishing container 10 to the outside, wherein the initial speed of spraying the fire extinguishing substance ranges from 1 m/s to 300 m/s.
The existing fire extinguishing agent is slow in spraying speed, a small amount of fire extinguishing substances are released in unit time, free radicals which are captured by the small amount of fire extinguishing substances in unit time are limited, flames can be restrained to a certain degree but certain flames cannot be eradicated, and therefore when the existing fire extinguishing agent is confronted with the complicated flames, the fire intensity is increased after the existing fire extinguishing agent stops spraying.
When the initial velocity of the fire extinguishing substance is in the range of 1 m/s to 300 m/s, the fire extinguishing substance is released in a large amount per unit time, so that the oxygen concentration around the point of fire is rapidly lowered, and the combustion can be blocked on a chemical level. In addition, the rapidly sprayed fire extinguishing substance can also drive the free combustible substance which is burning so as to block burning on a physical layer, so that the pulse type fire extinguishing device 100 can rapidly extinguish fire and has good fire extinguishing effect.
In a preferred embodiment, the initial velocity of the fire suppressant material is in the range of 60 m/s, and in other embodiments the initial velocity of the fire suppressant material is in the range of 120 m/s.
In some embodiments, the fire extinguishing agent 20 comprises an aerosol configured to spray a fire extinguishing substance from the fire extinguishing container 10 to the outside after ignition. The aerosol can release inert gas and metal ions after ignition, so that the inert gas and the metal ions are sprayed at a high speed, and the fire extinguishing effect is improved.
In some embodiments, the fire extinguishing agent 20 is in the form of one or any combination of powder, granules, tablets, or blocks. It should be understood that when the fire extinguishing agent 20 is in the form of powder, granule, tablet or block, the specific surface area per unit mass of the fire extinguishing agent 20 is increased or the density per unit volume is decreased, so that once the fire extinguishing agent 20 is ignited, the combustion will rapidly diffuse, releasing a large amount of fire extinguishing substance instantaneously in a deflagration manner, increasing the discharge rate and achieving a better fire extinguishing effect.
The existing pipe network type aerosol fire extinguishing method uses the shape of a grain after the aerosol is compacted, and controls the burning speed of the grain by burning one surface of the grain, thereby achieving the effect of stable spraying. The combustion process is layer-by-layer combustion, and because the combustion area of the grain is limited, the aerosol grain is fully combusted, partial inert gas and metal particles are released, the chain combustion reaction is blocked by the metal particles to extinguish fire, and the inert gas can achieve the auxiliary fire extinguishing effect.
When the fire extinguishing agent 20 is in the form of powder, particles, tablets or blocks, once the fire extinguishing agent 20 is ignited, the combustion will quickly diffuse, and a large amount of inert gas is instantaneously released in a deflagration manner, so as to achieve a better fire extinguishing effect.
It should be understood that the larger the specific surface area, the smaller the particles of fire suppressant 20, the faster the fire suppressant 20 will be emitted during combustion, but if the particles of fire suppressant 20 are too small, the smaller particles will be easily suspended in the air during manufacture, creating a hazard for manufacture and manufacture. Meanwhile, fine agents are easy to absorb moisture and agglomerate, so that the requirements on production workshops and equipment are increased, convenience and rapidness in the actual production process are considered, the fire extinguishing agents 20 are preferably pressed into pieces, on one hand, the safety problem is solved, the agents are easy to damp, and on the other hand, the manufacturing difficulty is greatly reduced.
In some embodiments, the ratio of the thickness to the length of the fire suppression container 10 ranges from 1:3 to 1:20, and the ratio of the thickness to the width of the fire suppression container 10 ranges from 1:3 to 1: 20. Thus, the fire extinguishing container 10 can have a flat shape, and the burning area of the fire extinguishing agent 20 is larger, so that after the fire extinguishing agent 20 is ignited, burning will be rapidly diffused, and the fire extinguishing spraying speed is increased.
In some embodiments, the fire extinguishing agent 20 comprises a liquid fire extinguishing agent configured to heat atomize and spray the fire extinguishing substance from the fire extinguishing container 10 to the outside. The liquid fire extinguishing agent is atomized after being heated, thereby quickly spraying fire extinguishing substances and improving the fire extinguishing effect.
Further, the liquid fire extinguishing agent includes perfluorohexanone.
In some embodiments, the fire extinguishing agent 20 is configured to generate a fire extinguishing substance that fills the fire extinguishing container 10 within a predetermined time after ignition such that the pressure of the fire extinguishing container 10 reaches a first predetermined pressure value, wherein the first predetermined pressure value ranges between 1 mpa and 20 mpa. The fire extinguishing agent 20 is filled in the fire extinguishing container 10 to make the pressure of the fire extinguishing container 10 reach the first preset pressure value, so that when the fire extinguishing agent 20 sprays fire extinguishing substances outwards, the spraying speed can be increased, and the fire extinguishing substances are uniformly sprayed.
Further, the fire extinguishing container 10 is configured to allow the fire extinguishing substance to be sprayed outward when the pressure thereof reaches a first preset pressure value. On one hand, the spraying speed of the fire extinguishing substance can be improved by adopting a pressure-building mode, and on the other hand, the first preset pressure value is set to be between 1 MPa and 20 MPa, so that the situation that the fire extinguishing container 10 explodes due to overlarge pressure, peripheral objects are damaged, and even safety accidents occur can be avoided.
In some embodiments, the fire suppression container 10 is provided with a spout, and a pressure relief structure is provided at the spout, the pressure relief structure being configured to open the spout when the pressure inside the fire suppression container 10 reaches a first preset pressure value to allow the fire extinguishing substance to be sprayed to the outside. The mode of opening the nozzle when the pressure relief structure is arranged to respond to the first preset pressure value in the fire extinguishing container 10 is simple and reliable.
In other embodiments, the fire extinguishing container 10 is provided with a spout opening, and the fire extinguishing agent 20 is configured to spray the fire extinguishing substance directly from the spout opening to the outside at a second preset pressure value after ignition. The structure of the mode is simple. Specifically, the second predetermined pressure value is in a range of 0.2 mpa to 20 mpa, so that the spraying rate of the fire extinguishing agent 20 can be increased when the fire extinguishing material is sprayed outward.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also provides electric equipment comprising the pulse type fire extinguishing device 100. Specifically, the electrical equipment may be an electrical equipment that requires a fire extinguishing device, such as a battery cabinet or an electrical control cabinet, and is not limited herein.
In order to verify the effect of the pulse type fire extinguishing method, an experimental model which is difficult to extinguish is selected, the fire extinguishing mode of the existing fire extinguishing device is compared with the pulse type fire extinguishing device 100, so that the effect of the pulse type fire extinguishing device 100 is verified, screening shows that the lithium battery fire has the characteristic of high fire extinguishing difficulty compared with the common fire, the phenomena of solid fire, liquid fire and steam flame exist in the lithium battery fire, the lithium battery has high energy, the lithium battery is easy to re-ignite after fire extinguishing, the experiment is easy to simulate, and repeated experiments and observation are convenient.
A large number of experiments in earlier stage verify that when the lithium battery is overcharged, the safety window of the lithium battery is large, after the pressure release valve of the lithium battery is opened, electrolyte and decomposed combustible gas rarely overflow, but the lithium battery is overcharged for 5-10 minutes continuously, a large amount of electrolyte steam and combustible gas overflow, when an ignition source exists inside or outside, the electrolyte steam and the combustible gas are ignited at a high rate, and once ignition occurs, the combustion inside and outside the battery box is very violent.
The experimental model is specifically as follows:
adopt IP protection level IP 40's lithium cell box, the volume is about 0.03 cubic meter, and 9 automobile-used lithium iron phosphate batteries are placed to inside, through overcharging the lithium cell, until the battery take place to burn if the battery only releases combustible gas and the incombustible, then ignite the lithium cell box inside and outside simultaneously with ignition, after the fire extinguishing agent release finishes, if put out a fire successfully, then stew 10 minutes, wait to observe before the heat dissipates and whether there is the post combustion phenomenon in the battery box.
The experimental contents are as follows:
with the pulsed extinguishing device 100 according to the invention, to ensure the uniqueness of the variables, 20 g of extinguishing agent are used, the comparative data are shown in table 1, the discharge rate unit: m/s:
table 1:
and (4) conclusion: the fire extinguishing ability is high when the initial speed of spraying is not less than 1 m/s.
Further, on the basis of the above experimental model, the fire extinguishing space is increased in equal proportion, so that the lithium battery box becomes an energy storage battery station, and the experimental model is as follows specifically:
the volume of the energy storage battery station is about 12 m multiplied by 2.9 m multiplied by 2.4 m, 100 oil tanks and a plurality of shelters are placed inside the energy storage battery station, the fire extinguishing difficulty of the energy storage battery station can be further improved by the plurality of shelters, and after the fire extinguishing is finished, the fire extinguishing quantity of the oil tanks is used as an experimental result.
The experimental contents are as follows:
with the pulsed extinguishing device 100 of the present invention, to ensure the uniqueness of the variables, 200g of aerosol extinguishing agent was used in the following experiments. Comparative data are shown in table 2, jet speed units: meter/second, test unit: the method comprises the following steps:
table 2:
| speed of discharge | Test 1 | Test 2 | Test 3 | Test 4 | Test 5 |
| 2.14 | 19 | 21 | 17 | 22 | 18 |
| 2.17 | 20 | 23 | 24 | 19 | 19 |
| 2.20 | 24 | 25 | 20 | 19 | 23 |
| 2.23 | 21 | 22 | 24 | 22 | 24 |
| 2.26 | 33 | 33 | 34 | 32 | 33 |
| 2.29 | 34 | 32 | 36 | 35 | 30 |
| 2.32 | 37 | 40 | 39 | 38 | 40 |
And (4) conclusion: as the spraying speed of the fire extinguishing agent is increased continuously, the fire extinguishing capacity is increased nonlinearly, and when the spraying speed is not less than 2.26 m/s, the fire extinguishing capacity is increased sharply.
Comparison experiment one: column type aerosol fire extinguishing device
The fire extinguishing density of the column type aerosol fire extinguishing device is usually 100 g/cubic meter, and the volume of the lithium battery box body for experiments is 0.03 cubic meter, so that the minimum quantity of fire extinguishing agent of the column type aerosol fire extinguishing device used in the scene can be 3 g by calculation. Considering that the protection grade of a lithium battery box body is IP40, the opening rate of the lithium battery box is relatively large, so that the fire extinguishing agent is difficult to guarantee to suffocate and extinguish fire to flame in a protected space, the used agent amount is adjusted to be larger than 3 g, and for convenience of recording, observation and rule summarization, the initial agent amount is positioned by 5 g, so that the actual amount of aerosol for extinguishing the fire can be measured, and experiments are carried out. Comparative data are shown in table 3:
table 3:
and (4) conclusion: the column type fire extinguishing agent is usually pressed into a cylinder by a high-pressure hydraulic press, and is combusted layer by igniting a certain top surface, and the spraying speed is low.
Furthermore, according to experiments, due to the fact that a fire model is complex, the energy of the battery is high, and the dosage of the fire extinguishing agent is far larger than that calculated theoretically, when the dosage of the actually measured column type aerosol fire extinguishing device reaches 40 grams, flames under the test model can be extinguished, and after the fire extinguishing agent is released, the re-burning phenomenon can occur.
Comparative experiment two: fire extinguishing device adopting perfluorohexanone
In order to eliminate the factor of fire extinguishing failure caused by the fact that the aerosol fire extinguishing device is not suitable for the scene, the perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing device is selected for a comparison test, the existing perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing density is about 250 ml/cubic meter, the volume of the box body is 0.03 cubic meter, so that the dosage of the perfluorohexanone drug obtained through calculation is 7.5 ml, the particularity and the difficulty of a fire extinguishing model are also considered, the actual dosage of the experiment is larger than a theoretical value, and the initial dosage is positioned by 10 ml for convenience of recording, observation and rule summarization. Comparative data are shown in table 4, and the dosage unit of the fire extinguishing apparatus is: ml:
table 4:
……… ………
and (4) conclusion: perfluorohexanone doses far in excess of 20 times the theoretical dose are also difficult to extinguish.
A third comparative experiment: dry powder fire extinguishing device
The experiment proves that the dry powder is easy to block the pipeline under the environment, and the dry powder is easy to accumulate between corners and battery gaps, so that a better fire extinguishing effect cannot be achieved.
And a fourth comparative experiment: water-based fire extinguishing device
The experiment reachs through many times, and the electrolyte of lithium cell is easily along with rivers excessive formation trickling fire, and the lithium cell meets further short circuit after water and explodes, and is very dangerous, so fire control effect is poor.
The pulse type fire extinguishing device 100 and the electrical equipment provided by the embodiment of the invention have the following beneficial effects:
when the initial velocity of the fire extinguishing substance is in the range of 1 m/s to 300 m/s, the fire extinguishing substance is released in a large amount per unit time, and the amount of generated inert gas is large, so that the oxygen concentration around the ignition point is rapidly reduced, and the combustion can be blocked on the chemical level. In addition, the rapidly sprayed fire extinguishing substance can also drive the free combustible substance which is burning so as to block burning on a physical layer, so that the pulse type fire extinguishing device 100 can rapidly extinguish fire and has good fire extinguishing effect.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (11)
1. A pulsed fire suppression device, comprising:
a fire extinguishing container;
a fire extinguishing agent placed within the fire extinguishing container, the fire extinguishing agent configured to spray a fire extinguishing substance from the fire extinguishing container to an outside;
wherein the initial spraying speed range of the fire extinguishing substances is between 1 m/s and 300 m/s.
2. A fire extinguishing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the initial velocity of the fire extinguishing substance is not less than 2.26 m/s.
3. A pulsed fire extinguishing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the fire extinguishing agent comprises an aerosol configured to spray the fire extinguishing substance from the fire extinguishing container to the outside after ignition.
4. A pulse type fire extinguishing device according to claim 3, characterized in that the aerosol is in one or any combination of powder, granule, tablet or block form.
5. A pulse type fire extinguishing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the ratio of the thickness to the length of the fire extinguishing container ranges from 1:3 to 1:20, and the ratio of the thickness to the width of the fire extinguishing container ranges from 1:3 to 1: 20.
6. A fire extinguishing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the fire extinguishing agent includes a liquid fire extinguishing agent configured to be atomized after heating and to spray the fire extinguishing substance from the fire extinguishing container to the outside.
7. A fire extinguishing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the fire extinguishing agent is configured to generate the fire extinguishing substance filling the fire extinguishing container within a preset time after ignition to bring the pressure inside the fire extinguishing container to a first preset pressure value;
wherein the first preset pressure value ranges from 1 MPa to 20 MPa.
8. A pulsed fire extinguishing apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the extinguishing container is configured to allow the extinguishing substance to be sprayed to the outside when the pressure inside it reaches the first preset pressure value.
9. A pulsed fire extinguishing apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the fire extinguishing container is provided with a spout, the spout being provided with a pressure relief structure configured to open the spout when the pressure inside the fire extinguishing container reaches the first preset pressure value to allow the fire extinguishing substance to be sprayed to the outside.
10. A pulse type fire extinguishing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the fire extinguishing container is provided with a spout hole, the fire extinguishing agent is configured to spray the fire extinguishing substance directly from the spout hole to the outside at a second preset pressure value after ignition;
wherein the second preset pressure value ranges from 0.2 MPa to 20 MPa.
11. An electric appliance comprising a pulse type fire extinguishing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
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